1、高三专题模块复习二 完形填空主备人 伍娇考点聚焦:题型特点: (1)完形填空是一种测试学生的外语语言知识以及运用这种语言的综合能力的试题。(2)通常从一篇词数250左右、难度略低于教材上课文的文章中设空格20个,用时约18分钟。(3)考点层次从小到大分为四类:单词层次,词组层次,句子层次与语篇层次。(4)选项中的干扰项设置与语法结构错误无关,重在文意的干扰。试题要求:(1)巩固、扎实、熟练的英语语法知识和丰富的英语知识。(2)文章阅读能力和技巧,特别是快速阅读理解能力,甚至是跳过一些词语的能力。(3)扎实的英语词组、短语,惯用法等固定搭配的知识,词语意义和词法的辨析能力。特别是以动词为中心的词
2、组。(4)逻辑思维能力,特别是理解文章的整体内容、主题思想的能力和推理判断的能力。(5)根据试题捕捉相关信息能力。命题走向:(1)文章趋向长,词数250左右,多为夹叙夹议文章。(2)短文内容逻辑性强,结构严谨,层次分明。(3)文章语言符合高三学生的实际水平,一般采用故事体,尽量避免选用专业性太强的文章或论说文体。(4)意义选择填空为主,语法选择填空为辅。(5)逐步过渡到选最佳答案。以单词填空为主,词组和短语填空为辅。应试技巧点拨根据历年高考英语的考题情况来看,完形填空的短文一般不给标题,且首句往往不设空,即首句是一个完整的句子。所以同学们在做题时,若能认真读懂这个句子,多少可以根据它判断出文章
3、的大意或主题,这样会大大地有助于后面的填空,尤其是一些语境性较强的空格,往往需要结合文章的主题来判断。下面请看一篇完形填空题的首句:I did very badly at school. (安徽卷)这个首句虽然很短,但根据此句我们可以对本文的主题作出以下推测:可能是具体介绍“我”在学校的表现是如何的 badly;也可能是讲“我”在读书时的表现虽然 badly,但“我”后来还是取得了成功。到底哪种可能性更大呢?就常识来判断,后一种写法的可能性较大,因为前一种写法的导向性显然不如后一种写法的导向性好,而高考文章的选材往往是很注意对考生进行思想教育和前途理想教育的。而读完全文我们便会发现,文章正是按
4、照第二种思路来写的,并且作者还通过自己的亲身经历告诉大家,即使我们在处境很糟时,也不要气馁,应该保持良好的心态,积极进取,同时作者也指出我们应该多给那些不是很出色的人一些鼓励。一、语境推测法近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是重点考查语境。所谓语境,就是指文章的上下文,它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。所以考生在做题时,一定要从整体上把握文章内容,区分文章的结构层次和文章的内在逻辑关系,同时认真比较所给选项,并从中选最符合语境的答案。如: I would go to the pile of letters marked with “Funny” if we n
5、eeded a chat, or to the “Disabled” box to find advice from people in wheelchairs or _ in bed living happily and successfully. (江苏卷)A. muchB. neverC. even D. seldom【解析】空格前面说的是people in wheelchair,而后面说的是in bed,由此可以看出两种病态存在着递进关系,故选even。 They look so _. (全国卷)A. nervousB. afraid C. excitedD. angry【解析】单独看
6、这一句,四个选项中的任何一项填入空格均可以不仅合乎语法,而且句意也通顺。但是,从上下文来看,文章的语境是这样的:某电影拍摄组的人乘汽艇在河上拍电影,其中有个情节是要拍一个落水者在水中挣扎的场景,而当时路过此处的罗伯特由于不知情,以为是真有人落水,于是迅速跳入河里救人,结果破坏了电影的拍摄进程。根据这样的语境,电影拍摄组的人看起来会怎样呢? 那当然是 angry语篇标志是指能表明各个句群或段落之间的内在联系的词语。如表示结构层次的语篇标志有firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally等;表示逻辑关系的词语有therefore, so, thus, but, howeve
7、r等;表示递进关系的词语有even, besides, whats more等;表示时间关系的词语有before, after, so far等;表示选择关系的or, whetheror等。根据这些语篇标志,我们就可以迅速弄清上下文的关系,理清文章的脉络层次,从而作出正确的选择。如: First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching_, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted
8、by his lively sense of humor. (全国卷)A. LaterB. SecondlyC. HoweverD. Therefore【解析】最佳答案为 B。考生如果注意到了文章上下文中的语篇标志词语first of all 和 finally,再比较四个选项,显然只有选secondly 最恰当。二、习语搭配法英语中,一些固定的句型和短语结构既是学习的难点,也是完形填空的常考考点。同学们做题时应注意所填空之词与空格前后词语的习惯搭配。如: I started surfing about five years ago and _ in love with the sport o
9、n the very first day. (北京春季卷)A. stayedB. cameC. droppedD. fell此题应选D,因为fall in love with 是习惯搭配,意为“爱上”“喜欢上”。 As it turned out, my little publication went on to become Student, a national magazine for young people in the U.K. My wife and I have two children, and Id like to think we are bringing them up
10、 in the same way Dad _ me. (山东卷)A. controlledB. comfortedC. remindedD. raised【解析】句中的 in the same way 告诉我们,空格处所填动词应与前面的动词 bring up(培养,养育)同义,比较四个选项,答案显然是 D。三、结构对比法在做完形填空题时,有时会遇到两个结构十分相似的句子,此时同学们应认真比较其结构特点,或根据其相似性推断空格处所填之词,或根据文章的上下文语境判断两个(或几个)相似结构之间的逻辑关系。如: I realized strength and courage arent always
11、measured in medals and victories, but in the struggles we overcome(战胜). The strongest people are not always the people who win, _ the people who dont give up when they lose. (天津卷)A. or B. norC. and D. but【解析】句中的 the people who win 与 the people who dont give up when they lose 是两个表达十分相似的结构,比较其中的win和lo
12、se可知,前后两个结构属对比关系,估计应填but,再结构句中的not,并联想 notbut句式,可以推知,此题最佳答案应选 D。 The correct water supply forecast is based more on the water from the _ than from the below. (辽宁卷)A. clouds B. skyC. airD. above【解析】more fromthan from 是一个明显用于对比的结构,根据后面的the below可知,前面应是 the above,即答案应选 D。四、重复暗示法有的空格根据所在句的句意或附近上下文的语境我们无
13、法作出正确的选择,要想作出正确判断,同学们应特别注意空格前后所出现的相关词语,尤其注意找出其中重复出现的暗示性词语。如: Four students from Burlington College of Higher Education are in the bell tower of the _ have made up their minds to ring the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest (抗议) against heavy trucks which run day and night through the narrow Hig
14、h Street. (全国卷)A. collegeB. villageC. townD. church【解析】此题答案选 D。但若单就本句或本段来看,此题无法作出正确选择,只有读到文章末尾处的 I mean we are assistant bell ringers for the church 这一句时,我们才可根据其中的 church 一词作出判断。 But then again, would there be a chair in Room 316? Or would it be a(n) _ room?A. smallB. emptyC. newD. neat【解析】此题答案选 B。但
15、单从本句来看,四个选项似乎均可以填,要想选出其中的最佳答案,考生应注意到文章后半部分的 But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all! It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and seven paintings on the walls. 这一句。尽管近几年的高考英语完形填空主要考查考生对语境的理解,很少考查纯语法知识,但是借助一定的语法分析来帮助理解句子、推测语境、判断搭配等,这却是必不可少的。所以,考生在遇到复杂的句子结构时,应充分利用所学语法知识进行分析,以帮助理解。如: She lives in the
16、same _ she lived 27 years agoalthough in a more comfortable home. (四川卷)A. lifeB. cityC. houseD. way【解析】此题需根据各选项的意义和语法结构来确定。life与前面的内容不好搭配;若用city或house,后面定语从句中的lived后要加in, 再说the same house与后文的a more comfortable home, theres more room等在内容上有冲突;用way最好,其后的定语从句的关系代词in which, that常常可省略。五、先易后难法由于完形填空题是在一篇短文
17、中挖去一些词,且绝大多数是一些实词,所以文章读起来肯定有一些难度。考生在做题时,千万不能不分难易地把所有试题一次搞定,而应尝试使用先易后难的方法。即顺着文章思路,根据自己对文章的理解,一边读一边把容易做的、有把握的先做好,对于一时没有把握的难题,可以暂时跳过去或初拟一个答案,说不定后面会有对这道题的提示。把容易的做好后,文章空格也随之减少,整篇文章的意思也就会变得更清晰,这时难题也许就会变为易题了。资料概述与简介记叙文Zigfried,a little mouse,blew his breath on the frosty window of the farmhouse and rubbed
18、it to see the outside.Still nobody came.Maybe today, he thought_1_.It was only a few days before Christmas and he was watching for a miracle(奇迹)This farmhouse had been_2_too long.It needed a family.Zigfrieds_3_made a noise.He realized that he hadnt eaten anything since yesterday.He jumped from the w
19、indowsill(窗沿), grabbed a_4_from his home, and went next door to Farmer Mikes.Farmer Mikes house had been a great place for the little mouse_5_the farmer married a wife who had a cat.Zigfried_6_when he thought of it.He looked around cautiously as he_7_into the room where grain was stored and was quit
20、e_8_as he filled his bag with wheat.He was turning to leave when suddenly he_9_a hot breath about his ear.His heart beat_10_,and without thinking he started to run and luckily_11_the cats paws (爪子)The next afternoon Zigfried heard some good news: a_12_family would be moving into the farmhouse soon.Z
21、igfrieds granny would arrive on Christmas Eve to_13_with him.He hoped that the family would come before his granny came.Before long, a car came_14_the road leading to the house, with butter sandwiches, cheese and chocolate.Zigfrieds Christmas miracle did arrive!The house came_15_the next few days.Zi
22、gfried_16_every single hour of them._17_, the day before Christmas when he was drinking hot chocolate with a_18_smile at the door of his home, he heard the_19_of the children of the family about what they might get for Christmas.What? A cat? The_20_froze on his face; his mouth fell wide open.After a
23、 long while, he at last found his voice: “Hey! Whose Christmas miracle is this?”1A.carefully Bexcitedly Chopefully Dproudly解析考查副词辨析。由下一句可知,Zigfried在等待奇迹的发生,再由前面“still nobody came,Maybe today,”可知“满怀希望地想”更符合语境。A项意为“仔细地;小心地”;B项意为“兴奋地”;C项意为“满怀希望地”;D项意为“骄傲地”。故选C项。答案C2A.shabby Bnoisy Cmessy Dempty解析考查形容词辨
24、析。A项意为“破旧的”;B项意为“吵闹的”;C项意为“混乱的”;D项意为“空的”。由句意“这一个农舍好久_了,它需要一个家庭”可知房子是空的。故选D项。答案D3A.mouth Bnose Cstomach Dthroat解析句意:Zigfried的肚子发出声音,他意识到他从昨天开始没吃一点东西了。故选C项。答案C4A.bag Bstick Cbowl Dcoat解析考查名词辨析。句意:他从窗沿跳下来,从家里抓起一个袋子,去了隔壁的农民Mike家。下文8题后的he filled his bag with wheat有暗示,故选A项。答案A5A.although Buntil Cwhereas D
25、unless解析考查连词辨析。句意:农民Mike的房子对于这只小老鼠来说是一个好地方,直到他娶了一位养着猫的太太。A项意为“虽然”;B项表示“直到”;C项意为“而,可是”;D项意为“除非”。故选B项。答案B6A.leapt Bsniffed Ctrembled Dwithdrew解析句意:当他想到这一点,他就发抖。A项意为“跳跃”;B项意为“以鼻吸气”;C项意为“发抖”;D项意为“撤退”。由句意知C项正确。答案C7A.broke Bmarched Cpaced Dstole解析句意:他小心地环顾四周偷偷地潜入存放谷物的房间。A项意为“打破”;B项意为“行军,游行”;C项意为“踱步”;stole
26、 into意为“偷偷的进入”。故选D项。答案D8A.curious Bnervous Cpitiful Dsensible解析考查形容词辨析。句意:他往口袋里装小麦时很紧张。A项意为“好奇的”;B项意为“紧张的”;C项意为“同情的”;D项意为“识别力强的,合理的”。故选B项。答案B9A.took Breleased Cfelt Ddrew解析考查动词辨析。句意:他正要转身离开,突然感到耳旁有呼吸。故选C项。答案C10A.strongly Birregularly Cslowly Dwildly解析考查副词辨析。A项意为“强烈地”;B项意为“不规则地;不经常地”;C项意为“慢地”;D项意为“疯狂
27、地;狂野地”。根据语境可知他的反应为心在狂跳,故答案为D项。答案D11A.escaped Bseized Crubbed Dscratched解析句意:幸运的是,他逃脱了猫的爪子。A项意为“逃跑”;B项意为“抓住”;C项意为“擦”;D项意为“刮;划”。故选A项。答案A12A.close Bhappy Cnew Dyoung解析考查形容词辨析。句意:第二天下午,Zigfried听到一个好消息:一家新主人将很快搬到这个农舍里。故选C项。答案C13A.celebrate BcommunicateCcompete Dcompromise解析考查动词辨析。句意:Zigfried的奶奶将在圣诞节前夕到来与
28、他一起庆祝(节日)。A项意为“庆祝”;B项意为“交流”;C项意为“竞争”;D项意为“妥协”。故选A项。答案A14A.across Bfrom Coff Dup解析考查介词辨析。句意:不久,一辆车沿着通往这个房子的路开过来了,带来了黄油三明治、奶酪和巧克力。up the road表示沿着这条路,故选D项。答案D15A.alive Bloose Copen Dstill解析句意:在接下来的几天里,这个房子恢复了生机。A项表示“有生机的;有活力的”;B项意为“松散的”;C项意为“打开的”;D项意为“静止的”。A项符合语境。答案A16A.counted Benjoyed Cmissed Dwasted
29、解析考查动词辨析。由下一句中he was drinking hot chocolate可知他享受每一个小时,故选enjoy。A项意为“数”;C项意为“错过”;D项意为“浪费”。答案B17A.However BInstead CMoreover DTherefore解析考查副词辨析。由接下来的内容可知,这家中的孩子将得到一只猫作为礼物,Zigfried的好日子到头了,因此此处表示转折关系,故选A项。答案A18A.bitter Bforced Cpolite Dsatisfied解析考查形容词辨析。原来经常挨饿的Zigfried现在喝着hot chocolate,脸上肯定是满意的微笑。A项意为“痛
30、苦的”;B项意为“强迫的”;C项意为“礼貌的”;D项意为“满意的”。故选D项。答案D19A.introduction BdiscussionCcomment Ddebate解析考查名词辨析。句意:他听到了孩子们对于圣诞节礼物的讨论。A项意为“介绍”;B项意为“讨论”;C项意为“评论”;D项意为“辩论;争论”。由句意知选B项。答案B20A.blood Bsmile Ctear Dsweat解析考查名词辨析。由18题后的smile可知此处应选smile。句意:他脸上的微笑僵住了,他的嘴张得很大。答案B文体技法归纳记叙文是一种以记叙为主要表达方式的文体。它主要分为记人、叙事、写景几个方面,包括幽默故
31、事、名人传记、逸闻趣事等。如果文章交代了when,where,who,what,how这五个要素,那么文章就是记叙文。为了测试考生对语篇的理解能力,命题人会特别注意选材的趣味性。记叙文的结尾往往出人意料,耐人寻味。做题时,考生可以从以下几点进行突破。1重视首句,把握全篇叙事性文章往往在第一句就会把事情发生的时间、地点等交代清楚或者对所要叙述的事情的性质、特征加以描述,这为我们理解文章提供了一个“窗口”。所以考生应充分重视首句的指导作用,利用它找到解题突破口,应“先完意,再完形”,即把握了全篇大意之后,再逐空试填。2理清线索,找准方向记叙文一般按事件发展的时间或空间顺序来叙述,有时用倒叙手法。因
32、此,我们在做题时可以首先抓住表示时间顺序的词,且要理清人物之间的关系,弄清楚人物各自所做的事情,准确理解文章。3利用语境,揣摩心态高考完形填空题逐渐摒弃对语法的考查,朝着深层化和语境化的方向发展,因此考生要借助上下文语境来揣摩作者对文章中各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中,考生应该通过字里行间的内容体会主人公的心理活动,弄懂主人公对人物或事件的态度,身临其境,与主人公的思维保持一致。夹叙夹议文I used to believe in the American Dream,which meant a job,a mortgage(按揭),credit cards,success.I want
33、ed it and worked toward it like everyone else,all of us _21_ chasing the same thing.One year,through a series of unhappy events,it all fell _22_.I found myself homeless and alone.I had my truck and $56.I _23_ the countryside for some place I could rent for the _24_ possible amount.I came upon a shab
34、by house four miles up a winding mountain road _25_the Potomac River in West Virginia.It was_26_,full of broken glass and rubbish.I found the owner,rented it,and _27_ a corner to camp in.The locals knew nothing about me,_28_ slowly,they started teaching me the _29_ of being a neighbor.They dropped o
35、ff blankets,candles,and tools,and began _30_ around to chat.They started to teach me a belief in a _31_ American Dreamnot the one of individual achievement but of _32_.What I had believed in,all those things I thought were_33_ for a civilized life,were nonexistent in this place._34_ on the mountain,
36、my most valuable possessions were my _35_ with my neighbors.Four years later,I moved back into _36_.I saw many people were having a really hard time,_37_ their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to _38_ a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house,but over time Ive had
37、nine people come in and move on to other places.Wed all be in _39_ if we hadnt banded together.The American Dream I believe in now is a shared one.Its not so much about what I can get for myself;its about _40_ we can all get by together.【语篇解读】 本文属于夹叙夹议的文体。作者从自己的亲身经历,反映出一个人的梦不是美国梦,所有人的梦才是美国梦,只有大家共同努力
38、才能实现共同的梦想。21A.separately Bequally Cviolently Dnaturally解析句意:我们都在各自地追求同样的事物。separately“各自地”,equally“平等地”,violently“猛烈地”,naturally“自然地”。答案A22A.off Bapart Cover Dout解析句意:经历了一系列的不幸,一切都破碎了。fall off“跌落,掉下”,fall apart“崩溃,破碎”,fall over“跌倒,摔倒”,fall out“掉队,争吵”。答案B23A.crossed Bleft Ctoured Dsearched解析句意:我在农村寻找
39、一处租金最便宜的地方。crossed“横穿”,left“离开”,toured“旅游”,searched“搜寻”。答案D24A.fullest Blargest Cfairest Dcheapest解析租最“便宜”的是理所当然。答案D25A.at Bthrough Cover Dround解析句意:我在西弗吉尼亚州偶然找到了一处破旧的房子,它位于在Potomac河上一条崎岖的山路上方。答案C26A.occupied Babandoned Cemptied Drobbed解析句意:它被荒废了,到处都是碎玻璃和垃圾。occupied“占领,占据”,abandoned“废弃的,遗弃的”,emptied
40、“空的,空虚的”,robbed“抢劫的”。答案B27A.turned Bapproached Ccleared Dcut解析clear a corner to camp in.意为清理了一角来驻扎下来。答案C28A.but Balthough Cotherwise Dfor解析句意:当地人对我一无所知,但是,慢慢地他们开始教我成为邻居的艺术。答案A29A.benefit Blesson Cnature Dart解析benefit“利益,好处”,lesson“课程,教训”,nature“自然”,art“艺术”。答案D30A.sticking Blooking Cswinging Dturning
41、解析句意:他们放下毛毡,蜡烛和工具,并且开始留下来聊天。stick around“徘徊,逗留”,look around“环视”,swing around“到处摇摆”,turn around“转身”。答案A31A.wild Breal Cdifferent Dremote解析句意:他们开始另一种不同美国梦的信念,它不是个人的成就而是睦邻友好之梦。答案C32A.neighborliness Bhappiness Cfriendliness Dkindness解析neighborliness“和睦,邻人之谊”,happiness“幸福”,friendliness“友好”,kindness“善良”。答
42、案A33A.unique Bexpensive Crare Dnecessary解析句意:我最初相信这些东西,在文明生活中是必须的,在这种地方是不存在的。答案D34A.Up BDown CDeep DAlong解析句意:在山上面,我最有价值的财产是与邻居的关系。up在上文中有出处。答案A35A.cooperation Brelationships Csatisfaction Dappointments解析cooperation“合作”,relationships“关系”,satisfaction“满意”,appointments“预约”。答案B36A.reality Bsociety Ctow
43、n Dlife解析句意:四年后,我搬回了城市。根据上文的countryside可推出。答案C37A.creating Blosing Cquitting Doffering解析句意:我看到许多人生活艰辛,失去工作和家园。create“创造”,lose“失去”,quit“放弃”,offer“提供”。答案B38A.put in Bturn in Ctake in Dget in解析句意:我租了一间足够大的房子,可以容纳许多人。put in“放入,提交”,turn in“上交,告发”,take in“接受,拘留”,get in“进入,收获”。答案C39A.yards Bshelters Ccamps
44、 Dcottages解析句意:如果我们不团结起来,我们都将住在庇护所里。in yards“在庭院里”,in shelters“在庇护所里,在收容所里”,in camps“在营地”,in cottages“在小村庄里”。答案B40A.when Bwhat Cwhether Dhow解析句意:它并不关乎我们为自己得到什么,而是关乎如何协作。答案D文体技法归纳夹叙夹议完形填空所选的文章一般富于哲理性,往往可以从一件看似平淡的小事中悟出深刻的人生哲理,因此耐人寻味,可读性较强。在结构上,作者首先叙述一件事情,然后就此事情引申出一个深刻的社会话题或就此事提出自己的观点;或者先提出一种观点或看法,然后就这
45、一观点或看法用具体的事例加以说明,最后再进一步阐述或作出结论。夹叙夹议文在语言上又具有议论文的特点:语言客观、准确、逻辑性强,且具有概括性。那么,我们在做夹叙夹议文类的完形填空题时,需要注意哪些方面呢?1重视文章首句夹叙夹议文常常以文章的标题、首句或简短的第一段导入话题,然后以顺叙或倒叙等叙事的方式适当加以描写,通过巧妙安排,在文章最后概括主题。因此,在解答夹叙夹议文类的完形填空时,考生首先要读懂第一段,尤其是文章的第一句话,这样就可以迅速总结出全文的主旨大意。2理清文章结构夹叙夹议文类的文章通常是先进行叙述,然后在段落的结尾或文章的末尾展开议论,提出故事所包含的哲理或总结自己的观点。做题时,
46、考生要跟着作者的思路读全文,思维要有灵活性,要随着记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式。只有理清了文章的结构,才能更容易地理解文章,作出正确的选择。3抓住文章线索理解夹叙夹议类文章要抓住线索,注意情节的变化,以求综观上下文,达到整体理解文意,从而避免片面性和断章取义。找出叙述、议论部分相关的命题规律与特点,分清论点、论据的习惯表达方式,找准文章的论点、论据和结论句式,使叙述与议论浑然一体。说明文If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a_41_reason, such as your