高级英语Three-Cups-of-Tea.pptx

Three Cups of TeaGregMortensonandDavidO.Relin1/65 Booksco-authorofThree Cups of Tea:One Mans Mission to Promote PeaceOne School at a TimeauthorofStones into Schools:Promoting Peace with Books,Not Bombs,in Afghanistanand Pakistan.Morethantenyears,Mortensonhasfacedoneandanotherimpossibilities,andthenmakethempossible.2/65Greg Mortenson with children3/65Background of the Books The title of my book Three Cups of Tea comes from a Pakistani proverb that says when you share the first cup of tea youre a stranger,with the second cup you are a friend,and with the third cup you become family.I picked the title in honor of Haji Ali,the Pakistani village chief who told me we would need three cups of tea if we wanted to accomplish things together.4/65In 1993,after a failed attempt to climb K2,I became separated from the group as we descended.After walking 58 miles,I wandered into a little village called Korphe.There I meet Haji Ali,a stout,elderly man with a silver beard.I hadnt taken a bath in 84 days,and my pants were ripped.He said,“Welcome to our village,but you do need to wash up a little,son,before you come to my house for tea.”5/65I stayed with Haji Ali that night and returned later to spend more time in Korphe.One day Haji Ali took me behind the village,where 82 children were sitting in the dirt 4 girls,78 boys and most of the kids were writing with sticks in the dirt.This was their school.A young girl came up to me and said,“Would you help us build a school?”I said,“I promise Ill build a school for you.”Little did I know that promise would change my life forever.6/65Preface of Chapter 12It may seem absurd to believe that a“primitive”culture in Himalayas has anything to teach our industrialized society.But our search for a future that works keeps spiraling back to an ancient connection between ourselves and the earth,an interconnectedness that ancient cultures have never abandoned.-Helena Norberg-Hodge(Note.3)7/65 Helena is an analyst of the impact of the global economy on cultures and agriculture worldwide,a pioneer of the localization movement.She is the founder and director of the International Society for Ecology and Culture(ISEC)whose mission is to examine the root causes of our social and environmental crisis,while promoting more sustainable and equitable patterns of living.8/65 The preface means:Humans ultimate goal in seeking expansion and development is probably peace of mind,joy and pace of ease,all of which can be found in a primitive culture.People in modern times have relentlessly endeavored to bring about technical advances in hope of achieving these values that have already been personified and internalized by the people who live in such a“primitive culture”since the ancient times.9/65Brief Introduction to Brief Introduction to the Authors the Authors GregMortenson&DavidO.Relin10/65Greg MortensonGreg MortensonDavid O.RelinDavid O.RelinGreg Mortenson is an American humanitarian,writer,and former mountaineer.HewasborninMinnesota(明尼苏达州)in1957andgrewupontheslopesofMt.Kilimanjaro（乞力马扎罗山）,Tanzania(1958to1973)withhisparentswhoassistedEastAfrica.David Oliver Relin is a globe-trotting journalist who has won more than forty national awards for his writing and editing.Aformerteaching-trainingfellowattheIowaWritersWorkshop,heisafrequentcontributortoParadeandSkiingMagazine.HelivesinPortland,Oregon(俄勒冈州，波特兰）.11/65To honor his sister Christa,in1993,whosufferedmeningitisinchildhoodanddiedfromamassiveseizureonher23rdbirthday.Mortenson intended to place her necklace on the summit of K2.However,whenhewasafewhundredmetersawayfromthetop,mistscoveredupK2,andMortensonlosthiswayandcontactwiththerestoftheteam.Failedtoconqueritbutfindhislifeswork.Personal Reason for Climbing Pakistans K2Personal Reason for Climbing Pakistans K2 12/65He dedicated his life to promote community-based education and literacy programs,especiallyforgirls,inremotemountainregionsofPakistanandAfghanistan,Changingthefutureof24000impoverishedchildrenandtheirfamiliesintheprocess.He and Dr.Jean Hoerni co-founded the non-profit Central Asia Institute（CAI中亚学院）中亚学院）whichheistheexecutivedirectornow.He also founded the educational charity Pennies for Peace.Mortensons contributionMortensons contribution13/65Dr.Jean HoerniDr.Jean HoerniA Swiss physicist;A Silicon Valley microchip industry pioneer;He was the only one to respond to Mortensons580letterstoraiseabudgetof$1tobuildaschoolinKorphe.14/65Mortensons major worksMortensons major worksThree Cups of Tea:OneMansMissiontoPromotePeaceStones into Schools:PromotingPeacewithBooks,NotBombs,inAfghanistanandPakistan.(AsequeltoThreeCupsofTea)15/6516/65BasedonMortensonsexperiences,he and David Oliver Relin co-wrote and published the book Three Cups of Teain.It was the No.1 of The New York Times bestseller for a long timeandMortensonwontheKiriyamaBookPrizeforNonfictionin.Thesequel,Stones into Schools was released in.Inthesameyear,Mortenson received Pakistans highest civil award,Sitara-e-Pakistan(“StarofPakistan”),andwas nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.Achievements17/65The summary of the text：The theme of the text is about a man who cherishes the ambition to change the world and rescue those who he believes to be underprivileged eventually finds himself changed and redeemed.As the protagonist of the narrative.Mortenson lives and works amid the villagers during the construction of a village school.At first,he feels disappointed at seeing the little progress in the school construction because a change in his life makes him anxious to get the construction accomplished.18/65Then the involvement in the construction enables Mortenson to have a better understanding of the local culture and their spiritual life.A the start of the school construction,Haji Ali detects Mortensons impatience and gives him a lesson on the three cups of tea for the purpose of easing his relationship with the villagers,and Mortenson realizes he has more to learn from the people.He works with than he could ever hope to teach them.At the end of the text,the truth that Haji Ali reveals to Mortenson about his illiteracy overwhelms Mortenson;so devout a village sage as Haji Ali cant read the Koran from his ending,the author intends to justify Mortensons mission 19/65The analysis of the text:Part 1(paras.1-8):Mortenson feels disappointed when he comes back to Kophe,only to find that Haji Ali hasnt started the construction of the school as he had expected.Part 2(paras.9-22):A change in Mortensons life makes him anxious to get the construction accomplished.Part 3(paras.23-37):this part introduces details about the school construction.The involvement in the construction enables Mortenson to have a better understanding of the local culture and their spiritual life20/65Part 4(paras.38-40)the authors use flashbacks to present another change in Mortensons life;that is,more responsibilities are laid on his shoulder.Part 5(paras.41-56)at the start of the school construction,Haji Ali gives Mortenson a lesson on the three cups of tea for the purpose of easing his relationship which the villagers.Part 6(paras.57-72)the author give a description of Mortensons personal witness of how Haji Ali wisely,courageously and selflessly resolves a crisis that may have resulted in the abortion of the school construction.Part 7(paras.73-76)the truth that Haji Ali reveals to Mortenson about his illiteracy overwhelms Mortenson 21/65The Comment of the text:In 1993,while climbing one of the worlds most difficult peaks,Mortenson became lost and ill,and eventually found aid in the tiny Pakistani village of Korphe.He vowed to repay his generous hosts by building a school;his efforts have grown into the Central Asia Institute,which has since provided education for 25,000 children.Retold for middle readers,the story remains inspirational and compelling.Solid pacing and the authors skill at giving very personal identities to people of a different country,religion and culture help Mortenson deliver his message without sounding preachy；22/65 he encourages readers to put aside prejudice and politics,and to remember that the majority of people are good.An interview with Mortensons 12-year-old daughter,who has traveled with her father to Pakistan,offers another accessible window onto this far-away and underlines Mortensons sacrifice and courage.Illustrated throughout with b&w photos,it also contains two eight-page insets of color photos.The picture book,while close in content to the longer books,is written in the voice of Korphes children rather than providing Mortensons view,making it easier for American kids to enter the story.23/65 Roth(Leons Story)pairs the words with her signature mixed-media collage work,this time using scraps of cloth along with a variety of papers.Her work has a welcoming,tactile dimensionreaders would want to touch the fabric headscarves,for example.A detailed scrapbook featuring photos from Three Cups of Tea and an artists note firmly ground the book in fact.A portion of the authors royalties will benefit the Central Asia Institute.24/65Highest Mountain in the World25/65Chomolongma珠穆朗玛峰珠穆朗玛峰(8848m)K2 乔戈里峰乔戈里峰 (8611m)Kanchenjunga干城章嘉峰干城章嘉峰(8586m)Lhotse 洛子峰洛子峰 (8516m)2 1 3 426/65765Makalu马卡鲁峰马卡鲁峰Cho Oyu卓奥友峰卓奥友峰Dhaulagiri 道拉吉利峰道拉吉利峰8463m8201m8167m27/6528/65 ViewfromthetopofK229/65 30/65Cho OyuCho Oyu马卡鲁峰马卡鲁峰卓奥友峰卓奥友峰31/6532/65喀喇昆仑山脉喀喇昆仑山脉Itisthemostheavilyglaciatedpartoftheworldoutsidethepolarregions.thesecondhighestmountainrangeapartfromtheHimalayas.ThemountainrangespansthebordersbetweenPakistan,IndiaandChina.theaveragealtitudeis5500m33/65Isthehometothehighestconcentrationofpeaksover8000minheighttobefoundanywhereonearth,includingK2.34/65Theheightis8611mIsthesecondhighestpeakoftheworldIsamysteriousmountainmostdifficulttoclimbintheworldNicknamed“theSavagePeak”35/65Korphe 科尔飞科尔飞KorpheisasmallsubsistencefarmingvillageinnortheasternPakistansituatedatthefootoftheKarakorammountainrangealongthebanksoftheBralduRiver.36/65KorphehasachievedinternationalattentionbecauseoftheworkcarriedoutbymountaineerGregMortensonandhisCentralAsiaInstitute(CAI)KorpheCAI，whichhasspecializedinraisingmoneyfromallovertheworldinordertoprovidegoodqualityschoolingforthechildrenofKorpheandsimilarvillagesthroughouttheregion,includingAfghanistan.37/6538/65IslamReligionsBuddhismChristianityIslam39/65 Islam is a religion promoting peace,which was founded by Muhammad.An adherent of Islam is called a Muslim,meaning”one who submits”.The majority of Muslim belong to one of two denominations,the Sunni and Shia.The differences between these two main sub-groups initially stemmed not from spiritual differences,but political ones.The Koran(古兰经),or Ouran,is the only religions text of Islam which Muslims hold as the verbal divine guidance and moral director for mankind.Allah is the name of the only God,according to Islam belief.They regard Allah creator of the universe,and the judge of humankind.He is unique,all-merciful and omnipotent.40/65SOME Customs of IslamThe Diet:No pork,donkey,dog,horse,bird,mule.No other water animals without scale(鳞).No alcohol.The Clothing:Their clothing should accord with their social status and positions.Women are requested to wear masks and covers.41/6542/6543/65Mosques清真寺清真寺44/65A Mosque,sometimes spelt mosk,is a place of worship(礼拜)for followers of Islam，that is to say,it is the Islamic public place of prayer.Themasjid jmi,or congregational mosque(公理清真寺),is the centre of community worship and the site of Friday prayer services.45/65 Mosques originated on the Arabian Peninsula,but are now found in all inhabited continents.Many mosques have elaborate domes,minarets,and prayer halls,in varying styles of architecture.46/6547/65chapatti48/65Chapatti is an unleavened flatbreadfrom India and Pakistan.It is acommon staple(主食)of cuisine inSouthAsiaaswellasamongstSouthAsian expatriates throughout theworld.Versions ofthedishare alsofoundinCentralAsiaandtheHornofAfrica(非洲之角),with the laobingflatbreadservingasalocalvariationinChina.49/65lassi50/65Lassiisapopular,traditional,yogurt-baseddrink.Lassi is a blend ofyogurt,water,spices andsometimes,fruit.Traditional lassi(saltedlassi”orsimply,“lassi”isasavory(可口)drink,sometimes flavored withgroundandroastedcumin.Sweetlassi,however,contains sugar or fruits,insteadofspices.51/65InDharmicreligions,yogurtsweetenedwith honey is used while performingreligious rituals.Less common is lassiservedwithmilkandtoppedwithathinlayerofclottedcream(凝结奶油).Lassisareenjoyedchilledasahot-weatherrefreshment,mostly taken with lunch.Withalittleturmeric(姜黄)powdermixedin,itisalsousedasafolkremedy(偏方)forgastroenteritis(肠胃炎).52/65Paiyu cha:Butter tea with green teabrewed and then salt,baking soda,goatsmilkandrancidyakbutter.53/65TheCentralAsiaInstitute(CAI)isanAmericannon-profitorganization,co-foundedbyGregMortensonandJeanHoerniandbasedinBozeman,Montana.Itsmissionistopromoteandprovidecommunity-basededucationandliteracyprograms,especiallyforgirls,inremoteregionsofPakistanandAfghanistan.Central Asia Institute54/65ProjectsSpokespersonsforCentralAsiaInstitutestatethattheorganizationsupports:170schoolsinruralPakistanandAfghanistan6687fullyorpartiallysupportedteachersEducationformorethan58,000students,including44,000girlsOngoing education for victims of the KashmirEarthquake.The quake killed 74,000 people,including18,000students,anddisplaced2.8millionrefugees.CAIhasrebuiltorre-established16schoolsdestroyedintheearthquake.55/65A village must agree to increase girlsenrollment by 10%a year before CAI willbuild a school.Mortenson believes,as domanyexperts,thatprovidingeducationforgirlsdirectly helps to lower infant mortality andbringdownbirthrateswhichinturnreducestheignoranceandpovertythathelp.CAI also sponsors the Pennies for Peaceprogram,whereschoolchildrenraisepenniestohelp fund CAIs activities.fuel religiousextremism.56/6557/6558/65KoranKoran,the sacred book of theMohammedans,bywhomitisregarded as the revelation of God.Supplementedbytheso-calledHadith,or traditions,it is the foundation ofIslamandthefinalauthorityindogmaand belief,in jurisprudence,worship,ethics,and in social,family,andindividualconduct.59/65ThenameKoran,orbetterQuran,from the Arabic stem Qaraa toread,to recite,means theReading,theRecitation,i.e.theBook,parexcellence.Itconsistsofonehundredandfourteensurasorchapters,somebeingalmostaslongastheBookofGenesis,othersconsisting of but two or threesentences.It is smaller than theNewTestament,andinitspresentformhasnochronologicalorderorlogicalsequence.60/65ContentThe Koran contains dogma,legends,history,fiction,religionandsuperstition,socialandfamilylaws,prayers,threats,liturgy,fancifuldescriptionsof heaven,hell,the judgment day,resurrection,etc.acombinationoffactandfancyoftendevoidofforceandoriginality.Themostcreditableportions arethosein whichJewish and Christian influences are clearlydiscernible.61/6562/65DoctrineThedoctrineoftheKoranwillbefullydiscussedinthearticleMohammedandMohammedanism.Itissufficient to note here that the doctrine may beclassifiedunderfourcategories:1.faith,orwhatt