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Unit 2The United Kingdom第1页第2页英国全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国，又称联合王国，它是由大不列颠岛上英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰以及爱尔兰岛东北部北爱尔兰以及一系列从属岛屿共同组成一个西欧岛国。第3页The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a great country with a long history.It is a traditional English-speaking country.It is the first one which carried out the industrial revolution.It is a warm and rainy country and when you are there you will feel very comfortable.She has a superior geographical position.She is located in the west of the Europe，east by the North Sea，the Atlantic Ocean to the west，up to the North Atlantic off Iceland，Yugoslavia and the European continent，separated only by the English Channel.The geographical location makes the country warm and comfortable.Living in England is one thing that makes people long for very much.第4页Now let me tell you some famous and attractive cities in UK.London，the capital of the country，is the countrys political center.Buckingham Palace is the palace where the members of the royal family live and work and many important activities are held here.London is also famous for its tourism.The British Museum is the worlds oldest museum and it is also the worlds largest and most famous one.There are many collections that belonged to China very long time ago displayed there.Some famous buildings such as the Big Ben，London Tower Bridge and Houses of Parliament are situated here.第5页Another famous city you must have known is Cambridge.We all know the poem called“Saying Good-bye to Cambridge Again”written by Xu Zhimo.The beautiful bridge is located here.The famous University of Cambridge is also situated here and Newton and Darwin studied here before.Oxford is famous for the Oxford University.It is the oldest school in UK.There are many historical sites around the city.The beauty and the cultural deposits(文化底蕴)of the old country have attracted thousands of people from all the world.And it is where I want to travel most.It is so fascinating and I believe I will have an unforgettable experience.I will enjoy her charm and never forget it.What a lovely country!Wait for me!第6页词海拾贝1.carry out开展，进行2.be located in 位于3.attractive adj.有吸引力4.belong to 属于5.display v.展出6.fascinating adj.迷人第7页Part Warming Up&Reading第8页.重点单词1._ n.王国2._ vi.组成；在于；一致3._n.省；行政区4._ vt.澄清；说明5._ n.矛盾；冲突kingdomconsistprovinceclarifyconflict第9页6._ n.信任；学分；赞扬；信贷7._ adj.全国性；全国范围8._ n.建筑学；建筑艺术9._ n.港口(城市)10._ n.乡下；农村11._ adj.不愿意()；不愿意()willing(反义词)adj.愿意()；愿意()creditnationwidearchitectureportcountrysideunwilling第10页12._ n.便利；方便convenient adj.方便conveniently adv.方便地13._ adj.粗糙；粗暴roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地14._ vt.吸引；引发注意attraction n.吸引；有吸引力事物attractive adj.有吸引力；诱人15._ n.收藏品；珍藏；搜集collect vt.搜集16._ adj.令人愉快；使人高兴enjoy vt.观赏；享受enjoyment n.愉快；令人愉快事17._ vi.&vt.联合；团结union n.联合；联盟；结合；协会18._ vt.完成；到达；实现accomplishment n.成就；成绩convenienceroughattractcollectionenjoyableuniteaccomplish第11页.关键短语1._由组成2._ 把分成3._ 提到；说起4._ 也；还5.break away(from)_6.to ones credit _7.for convenience _8.leave out _consist ofdivide.intorefer toas well摆脱(束缚)；脱离为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下为方便起见省去；遗漏；不考虑第12页.经典句式1.Now when people refer to England you _ as well.如今当人们提起英格兰，你就会发觉威尔士也被包含在内。2.To their credit the four countries _ in some areas.值得赞扬是，这四个国家确实在一些方面共同合作。3._ the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.很遗憾，这些建于19世纪工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。4.You must _ if you are going to _ _.要使你英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。find Wales includeddo work togetherIt is a pity thatkeep your eyes openmake your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile第13页1.联想记单词province n.省；行政区；state 州(美国)；county郡(英国)，县nationwide adj.全国性；全国范围；worldwide adj.遍布全球，世界范围2.合成词nation(国家)wide(辽阔)nationwide adj.全国性；全国范围country(乡村)side(边)countryside n.乡村；农村第14页3.派生词(1)名词后缀：-ionunite vi.&vt.联合，团结union n.联合；联盟；结合；协会divide v.分开；除division n.分(开)；分离；分裂；除法(2)副词后缀：-lywilling adj.愿意()；愿意willingly adv.欣然地；愿意地rough adj.粗糙；粗暴roughly adv.粗略地；粗糙地第15页阅读清障puzzle n.谜，难题describe/dskrab/v.描述，形容clarify/klrfa/vt.澄清；说明link A to B把A与B连接(联合)起来。此处为被动语态。refer to提到；包括refer过去式、过去分词均为referred。第16页as well也；还；除之外when.to England为时间状语从句，find Wales included为“find宾语宾补”结构。join A to B把A连接到B上。此处为被动语态。accomplish/kmpl/vt.完成；到达；实现conflict/knflkt/n.矛盾；冲突when King James.as well为时间状语从句。in the early twentieth century在20世纪初form/fm/v.(使)形成by getting.way为方式状语，其中getting Ireland connected为“get宾语宾补”结构。第17页unwilling/nwl/adj.不愿意()；不愿意()break away(from)摆脱(束缚)；脱离动词不定式短语to become.Kingdom作结果状语。the Union Jack英国国旗union/junjn/n.联合；联盟；结合；协会过去分词短语called the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰a new flag。credit/kredt/n.信任；学分；赞扬；信贷to ones credit为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下do在此处起强调作用，表示“确实，确定”。currency/krns/n.货币；通货relation n.关系；亲属第18页第19页第20页第21页第22页第23页第24页原文展现第25页第26页第27页第28页第29页第30页课文译文地理之谜人们可能对为何用不一样词来描述英格兰、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰这四个地域感到奇怪。假如你学习英国历史，你就能搞清楚这个问题了。第31页首先是英格兰。威尔士于13世纪就同英格兰联合起来了。如今当人们提起英格兰时，你就会发觉威尔士也被包含在内。接着，英格兰、威尔士同苏格兰在17世纪联合起来了，而且随即名字就被改成了“大不列颠”。所幸是，当苏格兰国王詹姆斯也成为英格兰和威尔士国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。最终，英国政府在20世纪初打算以一样和平方式把爱尔兰同另外三个国家联合起来形成联合王国。然而，爱尔兰南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己政府。所以，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，这从向世界展示新英国国旗上就能够看出来。第32页值得赞扬是，这四个国家确实在一些方面共同合作(比如，在货币和国际关系方面)，不过有些制度依然区分很大。如北爱尔兰、英格兰和苏格兰拥有不一样教育制度和法律制度，而且它们有各自足球队，参加像世界杯之类比赛！在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大。为方便起见，它大致能够划分为三个地域。最靠近法国那个地域叫作英格兰南部地域，中部地域叫作英格兰中部地域，最靠近苏格兰那个地域叫作英格兰北部地域。你会发觉大部分人口定居在南部，而大多数工业城市都位于英格兰中部和北部。尽管从全国范围看，这些城市不如中国城市那样大，不过它们都拥有世界闻名足球队，有城市甚至有两支足球队！可惜是，这些建于19世纪工业城市对游客没有什么吸引力。要找那些历史建筑，你得去更古老、比较小城镇，它们是由古罗马人建造。在那儿你会找到更多相关英国历史和文化东西。第33页最含有历史意义宝地是伦敦，那里有博物馆、艺术藏品、剧院、公园和各种建筑物。它是国家政治和行政中心。它有公元1世纪由古罗马人建造最古老港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代最古老建筑，还有公元1066年由以后诺曼统治者建造最古老城堡。曾经有四批入侵者侵入英格兰。第一批入侵者古罗马人，留下了他们城镇和道路。接着是盎格鲁撒克逊人，留下了他们语言和政体。第三是斯堪纳维亚人，他们对词汇以及北部地名造成了一定影响。第四是诺曼人，他们留下了城堡和食物名称词语。假如你到英国乡间去看看，你就会发觉全部这些入侵者痕迹。假如要使你英国之旅愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。第34页.Read the text and match the main idea of the paragraphs.1.Para.1A.Explaining the differences in the four countries.2.Para.2 B.Explaining how the UK came into being.3.Para.3 C.Explaining how England is divided into three zones.4.Para.4 D.Introducing the topic to the readers.5.Para.5&6 E.Explaining the importance of London as a cultural and political centre in the UK.答案1.D2.B3.A4.C5.E第35页.Fill in the blanks with only one word according to the text.Formation of the UKWales was 1._ to England in the 13th century.The Great Britain came into being in the 17th century，2._ England，Wales and Scotland.The UK was 3._ by getting Northern Ireland connected in the early 20th century.Introductions to EnglandPeople divided it into three zones and the 4._ of its population are in the South.We can find more 5._ cities in the Midlands and the North.Many cities are quite 6._，but they have world-famous football teams.linkedincludingformedmajorityindustrialsmall第36页Introductions to 7._The Romans built its 8._ port.The Anglo-Saxons began the oldest buildings.The Vikings had an 9._ on the vocabulary.The oldest castles were 10._by the Normans.oldestinfluenceconstructedLondon第37页.Analyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1.So only Northern Ireland joined with England，Wales and Scotland to become the United Kingdom and this was shown to the world in a new flag called the Union Jack.句式分析第二个and连接两个并列分句。第一分句中to become the United Kingdom是结果状语，表示北爱尔兰加入之后结果。第二分句中过去分词短语called the Union Jack作后置定语，修饰a new flag。尝试翻译_ _所以，只有北爱尔兰同英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰联合起来组成了联合王国，这从向世界展示新英国国旗上就能够看出来。第38页2.Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way.句式分析这是一个简单句。在try to中间插入时间状语in the early twentieth century；介词短语by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful way在句中作方式状语；其中getting后接复合宾语，过去分词connected作Ireland宾语补足语。尝试翻译_ _最终，英国政府打算于20世纪初把爱尔兰也同另外三个国家和平联合起来以形成联合王国。第39页3.You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.句式分析尝试翻译_要使你英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。第40页4.It has the oldest port built by the Romans in the first century AD，the oldest building begun by the Anglo-Saxons in the 1060s and the oldest castle constructed by later Norman rulers in 1066.句式分析这是一个较为复杂简单句。动词has后接三个宾语：the oldest port；the oldest building；the oldest castle；每个宾语都含有一个过去分词短语作后置定语。尝试翻译_ _ _它有公元一世纪由罗马人建造最古老港口，有由盎格鲁撒克逊人始建于11世纪60年代最古老建筑，还有公元1066年由以后诺曼人统治者建造最古老城堡。第41页1.clarify vt.澄清；说明；净化vi.澄清；清楚；明白；易懂You can clarify this question if you study British history.(教材P9)假如你学习英国历史，就能搞清楚这个问题。clarify a fact/situation 澄清事实/情况clarify ones position/stand 说明某人立场第42页In order to clarify the situation，he made a statement.为了澄清情况，他发表了一项申明。Thank you for your letter and allow me _(clarify)my position.谢谢你来信，并允许我说明我立场。to clarify第43页2.conflict n.矛盾；冲突vt.冲突；抵触Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.(教材P10)令人庆幸是，当苏格兰詹姆斯国王也成为英格兰和威尔士国王时，这三个国家和平地实现了联合。conflict with sb over sth 因某事与某人相冲突 in conflict with 与有冲突come into conflict with 与产生冲突第44页The results of the new research seem to be in conflict with existing theories.新研究结果似乎和已经有理论相抵触。Its reported that employees have already conflicted _management _ job cuts.据报道雇员已经就裁员一事与管理层发生了争吵。He often comes _ conflict with his classmates，which annoys his parents.他经常和同学们发生冲突，这让他父母很生气。withoverinto第45页3.credit n.信任；学分；赞扬；信贷To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas(eg，the currency and international relations)，but they still have very different institutions.(教材P10)值得赞扬是，即使这四个国家确实在一些方面共同合作(比如，在货币和国际关系上)，但它们在制度上仍存在着很大区分。to ones credit 为带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在名下be a credit to sb/sth 对是一个荣誉on credit 记账；分期付款第46页To his credit，he is brave enough to save the drowning boy.To the credit of him，he is brave enough to save the drowning boy.值得赞扬是，他很勇敢，救了那个溺水男孩。Li Ming was admitted to Beijing University，who is a credit _ the school.李明被北京大学录用，他是我们学校骄傲。He bought a new cell _ last week.上周他分期付款买了部新手机。toon credit第47页4.convenience n.便利；方便England is the largest of the four countries，and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.(教材P10)在这四个国家中，英格兰是最大。为方便起见，它大致能够划分为三个地域。(1)at ones convenience 在某人方便时候for convenience 为了方便for the convenience of sb 为了方便某人(2)convenient adj.方便；近便It is convenient for sb to do sth 某人方便做某事第48页For convenience，we can classify the students into four groups.为了方便起见，我们能够把学生分为四个小组。If you are interested，please send an application email to me _.假如您感兴趣，请在方便时候给我发一封求职邮件。If it is _(convenience)for you to send an email，you can write one to him.假如你发送邮件方便话，你能够写一个给他。at your convenienceconvenient第49页名师指津在汉语中我们能够说“某人方便做某事”，但在英语中不能说“Sb is convenient to do sth”。在表示“某人方便做某事”时，要用it作形式主语，组成“It is convenient for sb to do sth”。Come and see me whenever you are convenient.()Come and see me whenever it is convenient to/for you.()第50页5.attract vt.吸引；引发注意It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(教材P10)可惜是，这些建于19世纪工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。(1)attract ones attention/mind 吸引某人注意力attract sb to sth 吸引某人关注某事(2)attraction n.吸引力；引力；吸引人之物tourist attraction 旅游景点(3)attractive adj.有吸引力；引发注意；引发兴趣be attractive to 对有吸引力第51页Attracted by the beauty of nature，the girl decided to spend another two days on the farm.被大自然美所吸引，这个小女孩决定再在农场住两天。What attracted me most _ the job was the chance to travel abroad.这份工作最吸引我地方是有机会出国旅行。Mount Tai is _(attract)to tourists for its beautiful scenery and historical sites.泰山风景名胜和历史古迹对旅游者很有吸引力。toattractive第52页1.consist of 由组成How many countries does the UK consist of？(教材P9)英国是由几个部分(国家)组成？consist in 在于；存在于；以为主consist with 与一致；相符第53页Life mainly consists _ happiness and sorrow while happiness and sorrow consist _ struggle.Remember that your ideal life does not always consist _ the reality.生活主要是由高兴和悲伤组成，而高兴和悲伤存在于拼搏之中。记住，理想生活并不总是和现实相一致。The PRC consists of fifty six nationalities，each of whom has their own characteristic.中国有56个民族，每个民族都有各自特点。The rescue team _(consist)of eighty soldiers will be sent to Africa.由80名士兵组成救援队将要被派往非洲。consistingofinwith第54页第55页2.divide.into 把分成England can be divided into three main areas.(教材P9)英格兰被分为三个主要区域。divide sth between/among.在之间分配某物；由分享某物divide sth in half/into halves把分成两半divide A by B用B除ALets divide these students into small groups for oral practice.让我们把这些学生分成小组做口语练习。As we all know，12 _(divide)by 4 equals 3.我们知道十二除以四等于三。He divided the big watermelon _ halves/_ half.他把一个大西瓜切成了两半。dividedintoin第56页 易混辨析divide/separate指把一个整体分成几部分，也含有自然划分意思，常与介词into搭配指把原来连在一起或混在一起东西人为地分开，也可用作不及物动词，意为“分(离)开；脱离；分手”。常与介词from连用即学即用选择上述单词填空The teacher _ the whole class into four groups to discuss the topic.After the discussion，we should _ the most valuable ideas from the common ones.dividedseparate第57页3.break away(from)摆脱(束缚)；摆脱；脱离；与断绝关系；打破(陈规陋习等)；放弃(习惯等)However，the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.(教材P10)然而，爱尔兰南部不愿意组建联合王国，它分离出去并建立了自己政府。写出以下句中break away from含义Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules._You must break away from such bad habits._Many people broke away from the country and flooded into the neighbouring country._He broke away from all his old friends who did great harm to him._摆脱打破(陈规陋习等)脱离与断绝关系第58页break down 损坏；发生故障；衰弱break in 打断；插嘴说break in/into 强行进入；破门而入break out(战争)暴发；(火灾)突然发生break through 冲破障碍；克服break up 分解；解散；破裂Your health will break down if you work too hard.太劳累话，你身体会垮。Scientists say they are beginning to break _ in the fight against cancer.科学家们说，他们在防治癌症方面开始有所突破。The room is in a mess.It must have been broken _.房间里一团糟，必定有些人闯进了。intothrough第59页4.leave out 省去；遗漏；不考虑Which country is left out？(教材P11)哪个国家被遗漏了？写出以下句中leave out含义In copying this paper，he was careful not to leave out any word._He told me this word could be left out._We left out the possibility of his coming._leave for 动身去leave.alone 让某人独处；不论某物leave behind 留下；丢弃；使落后leave off 停顿；戒除遗漏省去不考虑第60页A railway station is no place for a child to be left _ at night.火车站不是一个孩子晚上单独留下地方。After the recovery from illness，he has left _ smoking.他生病痊愈后，就不再吸烟了。aloneoff第61页1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.(教材P10)如今只要有些人提起英格兰，你就会发觉威尔士也是包含在内。find在句中接复合宾语，宾语是Wales，宾语补足语是included as well。宾语补足语和宾语之间组成被动关系，故此处使用过去分词。“find宾语宾补”结构详细形式：第62页We found our mother waiting for us to have dinner.我们发觉妈妈正在等我们吃晚饭。When he arrived，he found all the work _(finish).当他抵达时候，他发觉全部工作都已做完了。The old man found himself in hospital when he came to himself.醒来时，那位老人发觉自己在医院里。She returned to England to find herself famous.她回到英国，发觉自己竟知名了。finished第63页2.It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors.(教材P10)可惜是，这些建于19世纪工业城市对游客并没有吸引力。It is a pity that.意为“令人可惜是；令人遗憾是”，其中it是形式主语，that引导从句是真正主语。it作形式主语而从句是真正主语常见句型：(1)It isn.(a pity/surprise/wonder/shame/an honor.)that.Its a pity that he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose.机会出现时，他竟然没能抓住，真是遗憾。第64页_we got the bid to hold the 2022 Winter Olympics.我们取得2022年冬季奥运会主办权是一件荣耀事情。(2)It isadj.(likely/strange/amazing/surprising/wonderful.)that.It was strange that he should have said that.他竟然说那样话，真是奇怪。(3)It isv.ed(said/reported/believed/wellknown.)that._ the number of wild animals in Africa is decreasing.据报道非洲野生动物数量正在降低。(4)Itseems/happens/appears/doesnt matter/makes no difference that.It appears that he doesnt like fixing work hours.看来他不喜欢固定工作时间。Its an honor thatIt is reported that第65页3.You must keep your eyes open if you are going t
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