Agilent ESA系列通用频谱分析仪使用说明.pdf

Agilent Technologies TrainingAgilentESA系列 通用频谱分析仪安捷伦科技有限公司 电子仪器与系统集团 技术支援中心f*Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA频谱分析仪课程内容力信号分析技术简介刁频谱分析仪工作原理力频谱分析仪性能指标刁ESA频谱仪测试功能及应用力模拟调制信号分析 刁数字调制信号分析力操作及实验，.Agilent Technologies:J.Innovating the HP WayAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way第一章：信号分析技术简介连续波信号 模拟调制信号 数字调制信号 噪声信号时域分析 频域分析 调制域分析Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way完整的信号分析内容 I百不物铲 归仪信号功率/时间，平均/峰值功率远端杂波调制精度(out of channel)邻道功率比(ACPR)Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way信号的基本分析方法Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way信号的频域指标 信号功率 信号频率 相位噪声 杂波抑制 谐波抑制杂波:+5dBm次谐波相位噪声Carrier:载波-65dBc二次谐波:-30dBcAAX-25 dBm-60 dBmO.5fo.fo 2fo*.？.Agilent Technologies：.Innovating the HP Way器件三阶交调性能测试频谱仪信号源1 信号源2f-I+10 kHz陶 09:39:37 Feb 22,1999Meas ToolsPeak SearchNext Pk RightNext Pk LeftDeltaMkr CFMkr Ref LvlFunctionOff耦合器Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way调制信号的矢量描述Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way调制信号的误差(average error magnitude)(maximum symbol magnitude)Error VectorMagnitude(EVM)x100%Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way调制信号精度分析过程解调标准参考信号001110A调制器误差信号口I被测信号A，.Agilent Technologies:J.Innovating the HP Way一 调制信号精度测试3.Agilent TechnologiesJ.Innovating the HP Way-ESA的数字调制信号分析能力ESA-E SeriesSpectrum Analyzer+Digital demod hardwareMeasurementPersonalityBluetoothGSMAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA分析功能Prototype Instrument-Not For SaleRes BW 180 kHzVBW 180 kHzSweep 5 ms|Unable to save fileMeasure*Agilent 10:52:29 May 11,2001 cdmaOne解调域iiiiiuvdiiny mu nr vvdy+AgilentE44078 9KHx-26.5GHzESA E SERIES SPECTRUM ANALYZER0：o o(ef-IG c3mAtten 5 dB18:59:28 Jun 7.2000/Zone;Or Of flZone Center 现向/4；狗MHJZone Spansw.oeoeoe Mdenter 47.45 MHzCenter 5。舰 MHzRes BN 3 MlzZone Pk Rightr，rZone Pk LeftESA显示面板Span 506 kHz 1W.9 ns($192 pts)Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA操作面板CONTROLSPAN X Scale,SYSTEMI ED O ED S 0 0,000 oO O 0 BAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way12 Vdc operation from automotive batteries.Add an externalVGA color monitor.Parallel port supports most HP printers(optional).Supports Agilent preselected Snap-on battery pack external mixers(optional).for portability(optional).ESA后面板High speed GPIB interface(optional).，nF 二SYN CInput signal down converted to 21.4 MHz.(optional).Use a external frequency reference for even more accuracy.A WARNINGMO USER SERVICEABLEPARTS INSIDEREFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNELDigital demodulation hardware for current and future communications systems(optional).技术小结。根据信号的特性，可将信号分为：非调制连续波信号（CW信号）；调制信号。根据存在形式，信号可分为：连续稳定信号；周期变化信号（例如：脉冲TDMA信号）；瞬变信号等分析CW信号可利用时域和频域分析法；Q分析调制信号精度需进行解调分析；Q分析周期变化信号，需利用选时分析能力；。分析瞬变信号，需具备存储分析功能。*,.?.Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way信号频域分析技术FFT（快速傅立叶变换）扫频频谱仪Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way扫频式频谱仪组成框图，.Agilent Technologies:J.Innovating the HP Way扫频式频谱仪工作过程Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way输入衰减器Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way混频器混频器Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA对信号的变频处理Highband Preselected MixerInput AttenuatorRF INPUT3 Hz-26.5 GH本褊 2 dB StepMixer*321.4 MHzIF3Hz-3GHz3-7GHz1st LOHighband1st LO3-7 GHzPreamp Option321.4 MHz IF321.4 MHzIF1st LO 2nd LO3-7 GHz 3.6 GHz21.4 MHz OutampLO21.4 MHz 3rd IF300 MHz LOIFProcessingfilterAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way中频滤波器检波器DetectorAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way视频滤波器oVIDEO FILTERAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way技术小结Q完成频谱分析有：扫频式和FFT两种方式；a FFT适合于窄分析带宽，快速测量场合；a扫频方式适合于宽频带分析场合；Q单点频CW信号在扫频式频谱仪上测试显示的结果为 中频滤波器形状。Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way频谱分析仪基本性能指标怖女 工作频率范围频率 频率分辨率（分辨频率间隔信号能力）幅度一 内部失真（测量大信号能力）测量动态泊围灵敏度（测量小信号能力）测试精度测试速度*.,彳.Agilent Technologies.Innovating the HP Way频率测量范围ESA-EESA-L1.5 3.0 6.7 13.2 26.5-30Hz 毕 GHz 毕GHz_毕E4401B1 Hz-5 MHz RBW111E4402B1 1 1 Hz-5 MHz RBW:E4404B1 Hz-5 MHz RBW 1 1 1-1 11 111E4405B_1 Hz-5 MHz RBWE4407B1 Hz-5 MHz RBWk9 1.5Hz GHzI3.0GHzI26.5GHz I1 1 11 1 11 1 1E4411B1 kHz-5 MHz RBW|；1 1E4403B1 kHz-5 MHz RBW11 1E4408B1 kHz-5 MHz RBW|*Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way输入信号频率分辨率影响频谱分析仪频率分辨率性能的因素本振寄生调频本振相位噪声Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayRBW是中频滤波器3dB带宽单点频信号在频谱上测试显示结果为中频滤波器的频响形状Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayRBW对频谱仪分辨率的影响SPECTRUM ANALYZERAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way中频滤波器矩形系数影响频谱仪对不等幅信号的分辨能力dist o rt io n pro duct sAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA中频滤波器性能BN/AvgRes BH*Agilent 17:19:40 Nov 15,2000|娘8Resolution bandwidth数字滤波器测试结果BW/Avg-Agilent 18:50:38 Nov 15.2000Option 1DROption 1DR and 1D525 Jior spans blVIHz)15%30%10%5:16 digital,approximately Gaussian shape 号16 synchronously tuned fo poles,apprbximately Gaussian shape模拟滤波器测试结果Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way本振寄生调频对测量的影响Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way本振相位噪声对测量的影响本振相位噪声在频谱上表现为信号噪声边带 .?.Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayRBW设置会影响频谱仪测试速度当滤波器带宽小时，其响应时间会相应变长Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA Segment分段扫描功能EditEdit-Anient 19:13:25 May 30,2060Segnent1Center Freq10.0000000 MHZSpan10,0000000 MHZResolution BN1鲍00的的kHzSegment1Center Freq1.00000000 GHzSpan10.0000000 MHZResolution BN3.00000000 kHzVideo BU100.000000 kHzST 价sec ms-ec i,，-，mtec49.99138.327.558。EBRBM100 kHz36 Mz1 kHs1 kHz300 kHzSPAN10 MHz4 MHz9 H?30 kHz50 MHzMHz pts)A:BN.GIF file savedF-I z?2,L H H H H H 6 o o A.H.1 5 ri-9 d.6 B 2 3 d-5ueu100 I Hz30 LHz1 I Hz1 I Hz309 I HzHore1 of 2Points401Video BN3.00000000 kHzPoints401More1 of 2Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way频谱仪测量灵敏度，.Agilent Technologies:J.Innovating the HP Way频谱仪噪声会影响被测信号功率测试Actual S/NApparentDisplayedv S/N频谱仪显示信号二输入信号+内部噪声power,=power9 power”mW修正参数，.Agilent Technologies:J.Innovating the HP WayMeasured noise level relativgJ ojnternal noiseXMeasurementErrorB 6.87 dB1 3dB 3.02 dB1 5dB 11.65 dB 10 dB 10.46 dB 15 dB J0.14 dB0.04 dB影响频谱仪灵敏度的因素衰减器设值衰减器设值大 噪声电平高:飞 Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way影响频谱仪灵敏度的因素-衰减器设值为保证正确测量信号电平，频谱仪内部衰减器和中频放大器联动工作Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way一 影响频谱仪灵敏度的因素RBW泗葭12:08:04 Oct 24,2001Ref 0 dBm Atten 10 dBN ormLog10 dB/RBW3.000000000 kHzLgAv10kHz RBW3kHz RBW1kHz RBWRes BN3.00000000 kHzAuto ManVideo BN30.0000000 HzAuto ManVBN/RBN1.00000Average100On OffAvg/VBNTypeLog-Pwr(Video)ManAutoCenter 1.000 000 0 GHz#Res BN 3 kHz 呵 3。Prototype Instrument-Not For SaleHzSpan 100 kHzSweep 865 msAutoSpan/RBN106 Man噪声电平随RBW按RBW1 lOlog.RBW2规律变化Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way影响频谱仪灵敏度的因素VBWAtten 2。dBVideo BN300.000000 HZAuto Man12:22:05 Oct 24,2001Ref 5 dBm N orm Log 10 dB/UBW 300.0000000 HzLgAvCenter 1.000 000 0 GHz#Res BW 3 kHz 300 HzRes BN3.00000000 kHzAuto ManVBN/RBN1.00000Average100On OffAvg/VBN TypeLog-Pwr(Video)，Auto ManVBW影响显示 噪声电平的方差,减小VBW得到其 平均值File Operation Status?A:SCREN012.GIF file savedSpan 100 kHzSweep 87.24 msSpan/RBN106Auto ManAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way利用频谱分析仪正确测量噪声信号的方法Maker Noise 功能自动设置频谱仪检波方式为:sample,进行功率平均处理及带宽归一化*.？.Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way提高频谱仪灵敏度的技术方法最小RBW设值最小衰减器设值减少VBW前置放大器（增益,噪声系数）Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA 灵敏度指标1 kHz RBW1kHz RBW10 Hz RBW10 Hz RBW10 Hz RBWIHzRBWIHzRBW(Option 1DR)(Option 1DR)(Option 1DR)(Option 1DR(Option 1DR(w/preamp(w/preampand 1D5)25and1D5)25Option 1DS)Option 1DS)typical(w/preamptypicalOption 1DS)typicalE4401B400 kHz to 10 MHz-115-134-150-155-149-16510 MHz to 500 MHz-119-138-154-156-151-166500 MHz to!GHz-117-136-152-156-150-1661 GHz to 1.5 GHz-114-133-150-155-148-165E4402B30 Hz to 9 kHz22na-93nana-103na(Option UKB)9 kHz to 100 kHz22na-109nana-119na100 kHz to 1 MHz22na-135nana-145na1 MHz to 10 MHz22-12026-13926na-152-14926-1621910 MHz to1 GHz-117-136-15219-156-150-166191 GHz to 2 GHz-116-135-15319-156-150-166192 GHz to 3 GHz-114-133-15l19-154-150-16419E4404/05B/07B30 Hz to 9 kHz22na-93nana-103na(Option UKB)9 kHz to 100 kHz22na-109nana-119na100 kHztol mHz22na-135nana-145na1 MHz to 10 MHz22-12026-13926na-1554-14926-1651910 MHz to1 GHz-116-135-15l19-157-149-167191 GHz to 2 GHz-116-135-15119-155-150-165192 GHz to 3 GHz-112-131-14919-152-148-162193 GHz to 6 GHz-112-131na-138-148na6GHzto12GHz-111-130na-137-147na12 GHz to 22 GHz-107-126na-134-107na22 GHzto 26.5 GHz-106-125na-132-142na_Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way频谱分析仪性能指标内部失真三阶交调测试各次谐波测试频谱分析仪典型测试应用Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way频谱分析仪产生内部失真的原因混频器非线性作用混频信号混频器产生失真成分_/LJLAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way-各阶非线性失真变化规律高阶失真信号幅度比基波信号变化速度快谐波失真Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way失真信号变化举例IdB口21 dB/20 dB1 dBA I2dBA3dBA2f3f，.Agilent Technologies:J.Innovating the HP Way非线性引起失真信号变化规律为减小频谱分析仪内部失真，混频器应工作在尽量低电平，应加大衰减器设值 .?2.0 GHz-75 dBc for-40 dBm tone at input mixer5.(+35 dBm SHI)-65 dBc for-30 dBm tone at input mixer5.-75 dBc for-30 dBm tone at input mixer2.(+45 dBm SHI)-85 dBc for-10 dBm tone at input mixer2.-100 dBc for-10 dBm tone at input mixer5(or below displayed average noise level).三阶失真动态范围性能Third-order intermodulation distortionE4401B10MHzto1.5GHz二阶失真动态范围性能E4402B/04B/05B/07B100 MHz to 3.0 GHz50 kHz separation.(+13.5 dBm TOI,+19 dBm typical)50 kHz separation.(+12.5 dBm TOI,+16 dBm typical)3.0 GHz to 6.7 GHz6.7 GHz50 kHz separation.(+11 dBm TOI,+18 dBm typical)50 kHz seperation.Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way近端测试动态范围受本振相位噪声影响Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way频谱仪对信号功率的测量过程中频信号输入包络检波器不同性质信号功率的测试结果与检波方式，平均方式有关*,.?.Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way频谱仪检波方式：Peak,Negative Peak,SampleDetectorModePea k Neg Pea k Sa mplePeak检波方式：适合CW信号及信号搜索测试Sample检波方式：适合于噪声信号测试Neg Peak检波方式：适合于小信号测试 .？.Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way频谱仪检波方式：Averaging DetectorsDetector ModeAverage 功率测量显示由多个包络电平值的平均得到 可减少显示信号的抖动，扫描速度越高，平均效果越明显 适合于ACPR及通道功率指标测试Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way平均处理减小噪声或类似噪声信号显示方差Envelo pe Lo g AmpDet ect o rLogLinRBWVBWPro cesso r a nd Displa yLimited BW,but Other BWs typically narrowerVideo BandwidthFiltering or SmoothingAveraging orRMS DetectorsTrace-to-Trace Averaging,Noise Marker匠卜平均方式一Log,Lin,Power Log平均 一 CW signals-窄 VBW,trace 平均-适合于低电平CW信号测试电压平均 一 voltage envelopes-适合于脉冲信号上升下降时间测量 功率平均 一 time-varying signals-信号平均功率测量Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way平均处理举例Log平均结果=3 dBm=(0 dBm+6 dBm)/2功率平均结果=3.98 dBm=(l mW+4 mW)/2=2.5 mW Log平均与功率平均结果不相同窄VBW及trace平均为Log平均,测量时变信号时存在误 差 RMS检波等效为功率平均*.?3xRBWNormalAverage(Log/RMS/V)PeakSampleNegative Peak3.Agilent TechnologiesJ.Innovating the HP WayESA信号功率测量设置崇 Agilent 17:49:44 Sep 26,2001Base Ch Freq 2 GHz Trig FreeAdj Channel Power#3GPP H-CDMARMS Results Offset Freq Ref BW dBc Lower dBm dBc Upper dBm Carrier Power 5.000 MHz 3.840 MHz-53.36-74.66-53.36-74.65-21.29 dBm/18.00 MHz 3.840 MHz-S4.54-75.83-54.57-75.863.84000 MHzSweepSweep Time1.501 sAuto ManSweepSingle ContAuto Sweep CouplingSR SAGateOffPoints401SegmentedAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way信号功率测量状态设置MeasurementDetectorAverage Scale Log/Lin/PwrVideo BWTrace AvgChannel power,non-sine mod.RMSPwrNoVBW3XRBWPwr(RMS)Spurious,harmonicsPeakLogYesLog-pwr(video)Output RF spect.AverageLogNo VBW3XRBWLog-pwr(video)ACPRAveragePwrNoVBW3XRBWPwr(RMS)RF envelope,rise/fallSampleLinNoVBW3XRBWVoltageCarr/Ph.NoisePeak/samplePwrNoVBW3XRBWPwr(RMS)Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA频率测量误差 lOMHzOCXO恒温晶振 Frequency Counter(1 Hz 分辨率)全频率合成本振Frequency readout accuracy(Start,Stop,Center,Marker)(frequency indication x frequency reference error1+span accuracy+15%of RBW+10 Hz+1 Hz x 的Marker frequency counter2Accuracy3(marker frequency frequencyreference error1+counter1-resolution)_ _ _Counter resolution Selectable from 1 Hz to 100 kHzAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA幅度测量误差Absolute amplitude accuracyAt reference settings15 E4401BPreamp on16(Option 1 DS)External mixer(Option AYZ)Overall amplitude accuracy9Typical0.34 dB0.13 dB0.30 dB0.10 dB0.37 dB0.14 dBIF INPUT absolute amplitude accuracy+external mixer conversion loss accuracy17(0.54 dB+absolute frequency response)Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way技术小结Q扫频式频率分析仪分析频率范围由本振范围决定;Q扫频式频率分析仪频率分辨率与中频率滤波器和本振有关；测试中可通过减小RBW来提高频率分析分辨率Q扫频式频率分析仪分析灵敏度与中频率滤波器；衰减器设值；视频滤波器和 本振有关；测试中可通过减小RBW；VBW,衰减器设值和前置放大来提高分析灵敏度。扫频式频率分析仪分析内部失真与混频器工作电平，中频放大器性能有关；测试中可通过减小混频器工作电平（增加衰减器设值）来减小内部失真Q扫频式频率分析仪分析灵敏度与中频率滤波器；衰减器设值；视频滤波器和 本振有关；Q扫频式频率分析仪衰减器设置在灵敏度指标和内部失真指标间折。通过改变 衰减器设置可判断频谱分析仪测试结果的真实性；Q扫频式频谱仪测量功率结果与其检波方式和平均方式有关。*.?swVBU 4.7 kHzSpan 500 kHz ep 27.32 msCenter 300.000 0 MHzRes BN 4.7 kHzLast SpanAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA信号解调功能 n n n n LOpt BAA:FMOpt 227:Cable TVOpt B7B:TV trigger opt baaAG3匚匚二匚g 日日目.匚 CECEMeasure7Y.Agilent Technologies:J.Innovating the HP Way频谱分析仪跟踪源选件ReceiverSo urceOpt 1DN：3GHz/50Q星艮踪源Opt 1DQ1.5G/75 Q总艮踪源跟踪发生器Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA跟踪源应用一传输频响测试Transmission Measurement Test SetupSPECTRUM ANALYZERDUTAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA跟踪源应用反射频响测试Reflection Measurement Short Calibration Test SetuInputRFOutBRIDGE/COUPLERAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayESA跟踪源应用一故障定位(Opt 225+B7K)Meas SetupCable Fault LocationWindow、Max Range10.00 mTrace Points512AgilentAtten 5 dHV/VnUiSti nn kH?Ref-50dBc H7 Peak Loy 10(IB/Cairier Freq 1 00C00 GH:11 ng PintFdiih MagnUudeDistance 7.88 mAmplitude-8.63 dB(92.895 Z)Ref-15.SampFrequpncy C启用|_0g 110 dB/JNoise-102.89 dBc/HzRMS 0.0010 RAD0.0570 DEGAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayModeCarrier Freq 50 MHzLog Plot Measurement信号相位噪声测试(Option 226)Signal Track Off100.00Z of 10 AvgTrig Free One-button PN log plotNumber of Averages 10 DANL displayCarrier Power-25.03 dBm Atten 0.00 dBRef-100.00 dBc/Hz5.00 厂 dBc/Hz/-One-button single freq.PN(real-time)Carrier freq.driftingAgilent 13:43:35 Jul 17,2001Spectrum AnalysisPhase Noise10 kHzFrequency Offset10 MHzInstrument-Not For SaleInnovating the 卜rrier Freq 50 MHz Signal Track On ot Freq Measurementcale/Div 10.00000000 mHzf-50.00dBc/Hz Phase Noise.00厂 c/Hz/Ref 0.0010.01 Hz/用wk植AHz Delta Frequency101101,VIaUa1Prototype Instrument-Not For SaleSSBSSB avg-111.79 dBc/Hz-112.28 dBc/HzCarrier PowerCarrier FreqCarrier Freq(Initial)Carrier Freq&-25.04 dBm50.00000 MHz50.00000 MHz-19.07349 mHzESA的网络控制功能（选件230）ClientInternet/IntranetClientGPIBServerClient/Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way技术小结。频谱分析仪可准确测量各种调制和非调制信号的功率 和频率；Q信号功率的完整测试内容应包含：平均功率；峰值功 率，功率变化的概率统计。Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way调制信号v=v（t）g“2 兀他）+岫V=V(t)anO(t)AMFMPMQAMAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way调幅信号特性CarrierTime定义AM信号的参数 Linear AM Log AMModulation率 频 号信指波率制制度 载功调调精Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayAM信号描述方法E max-E min m=-E max+E min1-E min/E max1+E min/E maxAgilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayAM信号调制指数与频谱幅度对应关系SB ordB=20 log(m/2)%AM dB100%-6dBc50%-12dBc10%-26dBc5%-32dBc1%-46dBcAM%=200 x 10-(dB/20)3.Agilent TechnologiesJ.Innovating the HP WayAM信号频域测试10 dB/Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP WayAM信号时域测试 Zero Span RBW,VBW尽量设大 幅度线性显示Peak Search频谱仪为时域测量状态，作为工作在Center frequency,带宽为RBW的接收机 显示信号包络波形扫描时间调整 触发调整 Mkrl 10O.5 ps#Agilent 02:50:53 Oct 27,2001Next Pk RightNext Pk LeftMin SearchPk-Pk SearchNext PeakMkr-C稳定显示File Operation Status；A:BESLL.GIF file savedMore1 of 2Agilent TechnologiesInnovating the HP Way调频信号特性V=V(t)sin2 7i f t+p m(t)c调制指数,odevp=A Fe Im/Fmod定义FM信号的参数 载波频率 功率 调制频偏 调制信号频率 调制指数 精度Agi