2023年北京市中考英语真题（解析版）.docx

2023年北京市初中学业水平考试时间: 90 分钟 满分: 60分第一部分本部分共33题, 共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中, 选出最符合题目要求的一项。一、单项填空 (每题0. 5分, 共6分) 从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项1. My sister enjoys singing and _ favorite subject is music.A. hisB. herC. yourD. their【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：我妹妹喜欢唱歌，她最喜欢的科目是音乐。考查代词辨析。his他的；her她的；your你的；their他们的。根据“My sister enjoys singing”可知此处指“我妹妹”最喜欢的科目，用her。故选B。2. Its a good idea to visit Beijing _ October.A. atB. onC. inD. to【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：在十月份参观北京是个好主意。考查时间介词。at后接具体时刻等；on后接具体某一天等；in后接年月等；to到。根据“October”可知此处表示在十月，用介词in。故选C。3. Must I stay here and wait for you? No you _. You can go home now.A. needntB. cantC. mustntD. shouldnt【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：我必须待在这里等你吗？不，你不需要。你现在可以回家。考查动词辨析。neednt不需要；cant不能；mustnt禁止；shouldnt不应该。根据“Must I stay here and wait for you?”可知，用情态动词must提问，其否定回答应用neednt表示“不需要”。故选A。4. Which do you like _, swimming or skating? Swimming.A. wellB. betterC. bestD. the best【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：你更喜欢哪一个，游泳还是滑冰？游泳。考查副词比较级。根据“swimming or skating”可知两者相比较，此处用比较级better。故选B。5. _ do you tidy your own room? Twice a week.A. How oftenB. How soonC. How muchD. How long【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：你多久整理一次你自己的房间？一周两次。考查疑问词组。How often多久一次；How soon多久以后；How much多少（钱）；How long多久。根据“Twice a week.”可知询问频率，用How often提问。故选A。6. It was difficult to climb the mountain, _ Sam got to the top at last.A. orB. soC. forD. but【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：爬山很困难，但是Sam最终还是到达了山顶。考查从属连词辨析。or或者，否则；so因此；for因为；but但是。根据空前“It was difficult to climb the mountain”和空格后“Sam got to the top at last”可知前后分句为转折关系，应用表示转折关系的连词but来连接。故选D。7. Lucy, what are you doing? I _ a model ship.A. makeB. madeC. am makingD. was making【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：露西，你在干什么？我正在制作一个轮船模型。考查现在进行时。根据“what are you doing?”可知句子应用现在进行时来回答，其谓语结构为：am/is/are+现在分词。故选C。8. The Shenzhou-15 astronauts _ to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.A. returnB. returnedC. will returnD. have returned【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：神舟15号宇航员于2023年6月4日安全返回地球。考查时态。根据“on June 4, 2023”可知是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式returned。故选B。9. If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you _ a great time there.A. haveB. hadC. will haveD. have had【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：如果你明天和我们一起去听音乐会，你会玩得很开心的。考查时态。if引导的条件状语从句遵循主将从现原则，主句用一般将来时，其结构为will do。故选C。10. Eric _ many things since he became interested in science.A. is learningB. was learningC. will learnD. has learned【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意：自从Eric对科学感兴趣以来，他已经学习了很多东西。考查现在完成时。根据“since he became interested in science”可知，句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构：have/has+过去分词。故选D。11. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers _ every year.A. are plantedB. were plantedC. plantD. planted【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。考查时态和语态。主语“more kinds of flowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故选A。12. Lily, can you tell me _ during the Dragon Boat Festival this year? Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.A. what you will doB. what you didC. what will you doD. what did you do【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：莉莉，你能告诉我今年端午节你做了什么吗？确定。我们吃了粽子，看了赛龙舟。考查宾语从句。tell后缺少直接宾语，用宾语从句，宾语从句用陈述语序，排除CD；主现从不限，结合“We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.”可知，从句用一般过去时，排除A。故选B。二、完形填空 (每题1分, 共8分) 阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。Be Whats MissingWhere was that cashier (收银员)? Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work. I looked around the nearly empty _13_, but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping (擦) the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes. I _14_, getting angry. Id been standing there for at least three minutes! Controlling my anger, I remembered Moms words. “Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then _15_ is missing. If we will be whats missing, then well provide whatever the situation needs.”And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I “be whats missing”? What was missing was _16_. Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order. Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. “May I help you?” she asked, still _17_. She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked. I took a deep breath. With Moms words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order . and smiled. “How are you today?”My question seemed to _18_ her. She eyed me for a second before answering. “Not too good.”“Im sorry.” I said. “I hope it gets better starting right now.”She almost smiled as she looked at me. “Thanks. I hope youre right.”I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. Were all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be _19_ to each other. After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray (托盘) back nicely on the stand. The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face. “Be whats missing.” It _20_.13. A. restaurantB. streetC. schoolD. office14. A. agreedB. finishedC. waitedD. left15. A. trustB. loveC. patienceD. confidence16. A. hopeB. adviceC. moneyD. service17. A. nervouslyB. carefullyC. coldlyD. kindly18. A. disappointB. hurtC. troubleD. surprise19. A. nicerB. coolerC. closerD. fairer20. A. saidB. workedC. readD. ended【答案】13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. D 19. A 20. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在快餐店吃饭时，因为迟迟没有人点单而生气，但是想到了妈妈的话他决定对别人友善一些。他认为我们每个人都是一样的，有烦恼会生气 ，会累也会受伤，因此我们需要更耐心地对待他人。【13题详解】句意：我环顾了几乎空荡的餐厅，但收银员不在视线内。restaurant餐厅；street街道；school学校；office办公室。根据上文“I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.”并结合空后“but the cashier was nowhere in sight”可推断出作者需要出来吃点东西，然后回去工作，应是环顾餐厅。故选A。【14题详解】句意：我在等待中变得生气。agreed同意；finished完成；waited等待；left留下。根据后文“Id been standing there for at least three minutes! ”可知此处指的是在等待中变得生气。故选C。【15题详解】句意：如果一个人是讨厌的，那么爱不见了。trust相信；love爱；patience耐心；confidence自信心。根据前文“If some one is unkind, then kindness is missing.”可知unkind和kindness为对应关系，结合空前“If someone is hateful”与hateful对应的词为love，故选B。【16题详解】句意：不见的是服务。hope希望；advice建议；money钱；service 服务。根据空后“Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order. ”可推知此处指的是服务。故选D。【17题详解】句意：“我可以帮你吗?”她仍然冷漠地问。nervously紧张地；carefully仔细地；coldly冷漠地；kindly友善地。根据第二段最后一句“She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes.”可知此处是coldly的同词复现，对应空格前的“still”，意思是她仍然冷漠地问。故选C。【18题详解】句意：我的问题似乎使她惊讶。disappoint使失望；hurt使受伤；trouble使烦恼；surprise使惊讶。根据后文“She eyed me for a second before answering.”可推知作者的问题似乎使她惊讶。故选D。【19题详解】句意：我们需要对彼此更友善。nicer更友善的；closer更近的；cooler更冷漠的；fairer更公正的。根据前文“Were all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt.”可推知需要对彼此更友善。故选A。【20题详解】句意：“成为缺失的东西。”它凑效了。said说；worked工作，奏效；read阅读；ended结束。根据“The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.”可推知作者以善良应对冷漠，最终奏效了。故选B。三、阅读理解 (每题2分, 共26分) (一) 阅读下列课程介绍, 请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的课程, 并将课程所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。AShort Art CoursesA. Wild ArtThis course is about drawing and painting. Youll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And weve got lots of picture books to give you ideas. B. Art MattersThis course teaches you different drawing skills. Well get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college, join us! C. Creative ArtThis course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And youll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. D. Art MagicThis course is about telling good stories in pictures. Therell be cartoon films to watch and instruction in how to draw your favorite characters. 21. _ Im interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college. Alice22. _ I enjoy making wall posters of animals and Id like to read picture books. Tony23. _ I like making hags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas. Harry【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个短期美术课程，并为三个孩子匹配适合他们的课程。【21题详解】根据“Im interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.”可知爱丽丝对设计衣服感兴趣，想要在大学学习设计衣服，B项“艺术很重要 本课程教你不同的绘画技巧。我们会让你画最新款式的衣服。如果你喜欢服装设计，想在大学里学习它，加入我们吧！”与之匹配。故选B。【22题详解】根据“I enjoy making wall posters of animals and Id like to read picture books.”可知托尼喜欢制作动物海报和读图画书，A项“野生的艺术 这门课程是关于素描和绘画的。你将使用你的新技能制作一幅动物海报。我们有很多图画书可以给你灵感。”与之匹配。故选A。【23题详解】根据“I like making hags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.”可知哈里喜欢制作包，并且想要参观艺术博物馆来寻找创作灵感，C项“创造性的艺术 这门课程是关于制作包来装你的运动服。我们提供很多材料。你还可以参观艺术博物馆，获得一些创意。”与之匹配。故选C。(二) 阅读下列短文, 根据短文内容, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选择最佳选项。BBetty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. “What are you going to do with those useless things?” he said. “You cant take them home.”“But I want these seashells,” Betty said unhappily. “Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special.”Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, “The waves （海浪）are about to take your toys!” As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, “Please put my seashells into the car!”David was putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped（滑倒）and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces. Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket. Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea. The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed（装框的）photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame. “Im really sorry, Betty.” David said. “Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you.”Betty looked at her brother and smiled. “Youre the best big brother ever!”24. What did Betty think of the seashells?A. Clean.B. Useless.C. Expensive.D. Special.25. Betty began to cry when _.A. she slipped and hurt herselfB. she knocked over the basketC. she saw the broken seashellsD. she told her dad about the accident26. David glued the seashells to the frame to _.A. make it up to his sisterB. develop his painting skillC. prepare a gift for his dadD. make the picture beautiful【答案】24. D 25. C 26. A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Betty一家去海边玩，回家的时候 Betty捡了一筐贝壳但是被她的哥哥David不小心弄碎了，Betty很沮丧，第二天 David为了表示自己的歉意，主动提出把几个完好无损的贝壳粘在装有他们两个相片的相框边。Betty原谅了David，认为 David 永远是最棒的哥哥。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据“Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special.”可知，Betty觉得那些贝壳很特别。故选D。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据“When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry.”可知，当她看到贝壳碎了，她开始哭泣起来。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据“He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.”可知David把贝壳粘在相框上是为了补偿她的妹妹。故选A。CDo you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste? According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion (十亿) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate (气候) change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem? One effective solution is balancing food production with demand (需求). In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered. Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce (减少) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality (质量). Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes. One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family. Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area. In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.27. According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste?A. The problem of worldwide hunger.B. A big increase in food production.C The speed-up of climate change.D. A sudden drop in population.28. What can we learn from the passage?A. Food recycling has been hugely successful.B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food.C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.29. What is the passage mainly about?A. Benefits of reducing food waste.B. Solutions to the food waste problem.C. The importance of fighting food waste.D. The attitude to the food waste problem.【答案】27. C 28. D 29. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据“In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide (CO2), which speeds up climate change.”可知食物浪费可能造成的一个结果是气候变化的加速。故选C。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据“One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted.”可知家庭的膳食计划很难付诸实施。故选D。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“What can we do to solve this food waste problem?”以及通读全文可知主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。DWhen considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure: good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldnt have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet eveni