湖北省荆门市第一中学2021年高中英语阅读理解专项训练100含答案.doc

湖北省荆门市第一中学2021年高中英语阅读理解专项训练100含答案

一、高考英语阅读理解专项训练
1．阅读理解
    Book: No Looking Back
    Author: Shivani Gupta
    Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash. It took Shivani years of pain, struggle and determination to regain control of her life and her body. Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car. Shivani refused to give in-she wouldn't let her injury keep her from achieving her ambitions.
    Book: Courage Beyond Compare
    Author: Sanjay Sharma
    The 10 sportspersons in the book are champions in diverse fields like athletics, swimming, and badminton, who have brought glory to the country. They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.
    Book: Face to Face
    Author: Ved Mehta
    Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind, to which he flew alone at 15. America and the school changed his life, leading him to degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a fruitful writing career.
    Book: This Star Won's Go Out
    Author: Lori and Wayne Earl
    Diagnosed with cancer at 12, Esther Earl was a bright and talented, but very normal teenager. She lived a hope-filled and generous life. A cheerful, positive and encouraging daughter, sister and friend, Esther died in 2010, shortly after turning 16, but not before inspiring thousands through her growing online presence.
（1）The book No Looking Back mainly talks about________.
A. an unlucky girl who experienced two car accidents
B. 10 disabled athletes who are champions in sports field
C. a successful author who was blind during his childhood
D. an inspiring teenager who died of cancer
（2）When reading the book written by Sanjay Sharma, we will______.
A.find the author is a sports lover
B.get inspired by the sportspersons' spirits
C.be proud to be a sportsperson
D.find sportspersons are full of power
（3）In which book does the author tell of himself?
A.Face to Face
B.This Star Won't Go Out
C.Courage Beyond Compare
D.No Looking Back
【答案】 （1）A
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四本书及其作者和书的简介。
（1）考查段落大意。根据 Book: No Looking Back部分中的“Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash.”和第三句“Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car.”一天晚上Shivani举行一个聚会，等她醒来时发现自己由于车祸住进了医院。然后悲剧再次发生，当新婚的Shivani开车带家人去Manali时，一辆卡车和她的车相撞，可知，这本书主要讲述了经历两次车祸的不幸女孩Shivani的故事。故选A。
（2）考查推理判断。根据Book: Courage Beyond Compare部分中的“They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.”这些运动员克服身体局限达到他们自己所选择领域的顶峰，可知，我们会从这些运动员不屈不挠的精神中获得鼓舞。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Book: Face to Face部分中的“Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind,”作者自从四岁时失明，在印度他度过了孤独的童年，最终考取了Arkansas盲人学校，可知，在书中作者讲述自己的故事。故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
    Darrell Blatchley, a marine biologist and environmentalist based in the Philippine city of Davao, received a call from the Philippines, Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (渔业与水产资源局) early Friday morning reporting a death of a young whale.
    When the necropsy (尸检) was performed, Blatchley told NPR, he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach. "It was full of plastic nothing but nonstop plastic." he said "It was filled to the point that its stomach was as hard as a baseball." That means that this animal has been suffering not for days or weeks but for months or even a year or more," Blatchley added.
    Blatchley is the founder and owner of the D'Bone Collector Museum, a natural history museum in Davao. In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system. Blatchley and his team work with the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources and other organizations to assist in rescue and recovery of marine animals.
    "Within the last 10 years, we have recovered 61 whales and dolphins just within the Davao Gulf," he said. "Of them, 57 have died due to man whether they took plastic or fishing nets or other waste, or gotten caught in pollution — and four were pregnant."
    Blatchley said he hoped that the latest incident would launch the issue of plastic pollution in the Philippines and across the globe. "If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic," he said.
（1）What can he inferred from the second paragraph?
A. The whale was starved to death.
B. Blatchley was shocked at what he found.
C. The dead whale must have swallowed a baseball.
D. Blatchley didn't make preparations for the necropsy.
（2）What will be shown in the D'Bone Collector Museum?
A. Waste collected from the ocean.                     B. The whole system of the whale.
C. Things found in the whale's body.                  D. Many different tools of whaling.
（3）What does Blatchley think of plastic pollution in the Philippines?
A. Uncommon.                          B. Worrying.                          C. Inspiring.                          D. Mild.
（4）What is the best title for the text?
A. A Whale Found Dead of Plastic                      B. Stand Up for Protecting Whales
C. Plastic Threatening Our Existence                  D. Natural Death or Merciless Murder
【答案】 （1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对海洋塑料污染的担忧。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“he was not prepared for the amount of plastic they found in the whale's stomach”可知，布拉奇利在鲸鱼的胃里发现了大量的塑料，他对此毫无准备，这是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利对他的发现感到震惊，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“In the coming days, the museum will display all the items found in the whale's system.”可知，在鲸鱼体内发现的东西将在这座自然博物馆中展出，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“If we keep going this way, it will be more uncommon to see an animal die of natural causes than it is to see an animal die of plastic,”可知，布拉奇利说如果我们继续这样下去，动物因吃塑料死亡的情况比自然死亡更为常见，由此可知，他对菲律宾的塑料污染很担忧，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了一只鲸鱼因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，这引发了人们对塑料污染的担忧，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Whizzfizzing Festival
    One of the "Home Counties" to the north and west of London, Buckinghamshire is known for the rolling Chiltern Hills, its pretty villages, and the much-loved children's author Roald Dahl.
    The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matilda and The Big Friendly Giant is the i9nspiration for the Whizzfizzing Festival – which will transform the market-town of Aylesbury into all kinds of music, colour and fun on Saturday, 1 July.
    Formerly known as The Roald Dahl Festival, this year's event will celebrate a broad range of children's films and bring to life some of its best-loved characters – from Alice in Wonderland and the Gruffala to The Big Friendly Giant and Harry Potter.
    Things to see and do
    The fun and festivals start at 11 a.m. with a colourful children's parade. More than 650 local school children and teachers, many in fancy dress, will march through the town carrying giant carnival puppets(木偶), with thousands of audiences lining the streets to watch.
    The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in venues across the town.
    Don't be late for the Mad Hatters Tea Party in the Bucks County Museum, catch a splendid screening of a Roald Dahl movie in the Old Court House, and watch leading children's authors, including Julian Clary, give readings in the Market Square.
    CBeebies' children's chef Katy Ashworth will once again be cooking up a storm with her inter-active
    Concoction Kitchen, located outside Hale Leys Shopping Centre. Little chefs will have lots of opportunities to get involved with preparing, cooking – and best of all, tasting – Katy's fabulous recipes.
    With hands-on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.
    For more information, visit: http://www.aylesburyvaledc.gov.uk/cylesbury-whizzfizzing- festival-inspired- roald-dahl
（1）Who is Whizzfizzing Festival intended for?
A. Children.                   B. Film stars.                   C. Publishers.                   D. Children's authors.
（2）Which film was made from Roald Dahl's work?
A. Gruffalo.          B. Harry Potter.          C. Alice in Wonderland.          D. The Big Friendly Giant.
（3）Which of the following best describes Whizzfizzing Festival?
A. Varies.                              B. Global.                              C. Boring.                              D. Ordinary.
（4）What type of writing is this text?
A. An exhibition guide.                                        B. An art show review.
C. An announcement.                                          D. An official report.
【答案】 （1）A
（2）B
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了Whizzfizzing Festival节日的一些有关情况和主要活动。
（1）考查推理判断。根据Things to see and do部分中的“The parade will be followed with a range of child-friendly activities and workshops held in venues across the town.”可推知Whizzfizzing Festival是面向孩子们的，选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The writer who penned Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, The Witches, Matilda and The Big Friendly Giant is the i9nspiration for the Whizzfizzing Festival”可推知The Big Friendly Giant.是来自Roald Dahl的作品，选D。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“With hands-on arts and crafts workshops, storytelling sessions, live music, a fancy dress competition, street theatre and more, there is something for everyone.”可知在这个节日中，有各种各样精彩纷呈的活动，每个人都可以找到自己喜欢的东西，所以这个节日是多方面的，选A。
（4）考查推理判断。纵观全文可知，本文介绍了Whizzfizzing Festival节日的一些有关情况和主要活动。是一则布告，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
    By analyzing the fossilized teeth of some of our most ancient ancestors, a team of scientists led by the universities of Bristol (UK) and Lyon (France) have discovered that the first humans significantly breastfed their infants (婴儿) for longer periods than their contemporary relatives.
    The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning (断奶)that remain otherwise unseen in the fossil record.
    The team sampled minute amounts from nearly 40 fossilized teeth of our South African fossil relatives, early Homo, Paranthropus robustus and Australopithecus africanus. They measured the proportions of their stable calcium isotopes (同位素）in the tooth enamel(牙釉质), which are a function of the mother milk intake by infants. They show that early Homo offspring(后代) was breastfed in significant proportions until the age of around three to four years, which likely played a role in the apparition of traits that are specific to human lineage(血统), such as the brain development.
    In contrast, infants of Paranthropus robustus, that became extinct around one million years ago and were a more robust species in terms of dental anatomy, as well as infants of Australopithecus africanus, stopped drinking sizeable proportions of mother milk in the course of the first months of life.
    These differences in nursing behaviors likely come with major changes in the social structures of groups as well as the time between the birth of one child and the birth of the next.
    One of the study's lead authors, Dr Theo Tacail said: "The practice of weaning -- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.
    The development of such behavioral differences likely played major roles in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.
    However, getting insights into these behavioral changes from fossils that are millions of years old is a challenge and, so far, little evidence allow discussing nursing practices in these fossil species.
    The findings stress the need for further exploration of calcium stables isotopes compositions in the fossil record in order to understand the co-evolution of weaning practices with other traits such as brain size or social behaviors."

（1）What do we know the findings of the team?
A. It takes the lead in focusing on Practice weaning.
B. It has disclosed the link between the weaning practice and other traits.
C. It is evident that nursing practice is associated with behavioral changes.
D. It's contemporary humans that spend more time breastfeeding their infants.
（2）What does the underlined phrase "such behavioral differences" in Paragraph 7 most probably refer to?
A. Differences in the calcium isotope in the teeth.
B. Differences in the social structure of groups.
C. Differences in the practice of weaning.
D. Differences in the change of behaviors.
（3）What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. The evolution of human lineage.
B. The possible influence of nursing behaviors.
C. The exploration of compositions in the fossil.
D. The function of mother milk at the age of infants.
【答案】 （1）A
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过对祖先牙齿化石的研究，科学家们发现第一批用母乳喂养婴儿的人类比同时代的其他的近亲在时间上要长很多，而这种育幼差异可能在人类进化中扮演了重要角色 ，比如大脑发育和社会群体方面。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The results, published in the journal Science Advances, provide a first insight into the practice of weaning ”可知这项研究结果发表在《科学进展》杂志上，为断奶行为提供了第一手资料，而这在化石记录中是看不到的。故选A。
（2）考查句义猜测。根据第六段中的“The practice of weaning -- the duration of breastfeeding, age at non-milk food introduction and the age at cessation of suckling -- differs among the modern members of the hominid family which includes humans and modern great apes: orangutan, gorillas, chimpanzees and bonobos.”可知现代人和古代人的断奶行为不同，而且人类和猩猩以及猿猴在断奶的时间上是不同的，即不同时代/不同物种的断奶行为是有差异的，而画线部分的such 就是指上文提到的内容。故选C。
（3）考查主旨大意。根据第七段中的“The development of such behavioral differences … in the evolution of the members of human lineage, being associated for instance with size and structure of social groups, brain development.”可知，这种行为差异的发展可能在人类血统成员的进化中扮演了重要角色，例如与社会群体的大小和结构，大脑的发展有关。所以短文主要是关于育幼行为可能带来的影响。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
    Alison Malmon was trapping up (完成) the end of her freshman year at the University of Pennsylvania, US when she got the