1、第14课 关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话词汇(Vocabulary)l Conviction (n.): a fixed or strong belief 坚定的看法和信念Synonym: beliefl horde ( n.) :a large moving crowd or throng 一群 人群(有时贬义)l enlist (v.): win the support of , get help or service of, obtain 谋取赞助,获得支持e.g. I have enlisted the co-operation of most my colleagues in my cam
2、paign 我在这一活动中得到了大多数同事的支持. l croquet ( n.) :an outdoor game,which the players use mallets to drive a wooden ball through a series of hoops placed in the ground 槌球游戏(一种用木槌击木球钻小圈的游戏)l revert (v.): to return to (a topic in talk or thought)回到(原话题或思路)例句: The conversation kept reverting to the subject of m
3、oney. 谈话的主题总是离不开钱。l arch: main, most important 主要的,首要的e.g. The arch foe is the Chicago Bull. 他们的主要对手是芝加哥公牛队。l regime (n.): method or system of government 政体,政权制度l luncheon ( n.) :a lunch esp. a formal lunch with others 午餐 午宴 午餐(聚)会l Nazi (adj. & n.) :designating of or characteristic of the German fa
4、scist political party(German National Socialist Party) founded in 1919 and abolished in 1945 德国国社党的 纳粹党的 纳粹党党员 纳粹分子l indistinguishable ( adj. ) : that cannot be distinguished as being different or separate 不能区别的 不能辨别的 难区分的l devoid ( adj.) :completely without empty or destitute(of)完全没有的 缺乏的(后接 of)e.g
5、. This novel is devoid of wit and inventiveness. 这是一部缺乏创意和情趣的小说。l excel ( v ) :be better or greater than or superior to(another or others)优于 胜过l ferocious ( adj.) :fierce savage violently cruel 凶猛的 残忍的 凶恶的l unsay ( v ) :take back or retract(what has been said)取消(前言) 收回(前言)l folly ( n.) :foolishness
6、any foolish action or belief 愚笨 愚蠢 愚蠢的行为(或思想等)e.g. The old man regretted the follies of his youth. 那个老人为年轻时所做的蠢事而后悔。l threshold ( n.) :doors till entrance or beginning point of sth 门槛 人口 开端l till ( v.) :work(1and)in raising crops as by plowing fertilizing etc cultivate;prepare and use land for growi
7、ng crops 耕种 耕耘 耕作l immemorial (adj. ) : extending back beyond memory or record ancient 无法追忆的 无文字记载的 古老的e.g. The Chinese have been worshipping their ancestors since time immemorial. 中国人自古以来就祭拜祖先。l wring (v ) : get or extract by force threats persistence etc.; extort 强求 榨取 勒索e.g. They wrung the truth
8、out of her. 他们强迫她说出了真相。l primordial (adj.) :not derivative fundamental original 根本的 基本的e.g. The universe was created out of a primordial ball of matter. 宇宙是从一个本来就存在着的球体中产生出来的。l hideous ( adj.) :horrible to see hear etc very ugly or revolting dreadful 骇人听闻的 非常丑陋的 可怕的l onslaught ( n.) : a violent, int
9、ense attack 猛攻l clank ( v. ) : make a sharp metallic sound 发当啷声 发铿锵声e.g. The prisoners ankle chains clanked as they walked. 犯人们走路时脚镣叮当作响。l dandify ( v ) :make a look like a dandy dress up 使打扮得像花花公子 给穿上 盛装 给乔装打扮l crafty ( adj.) :subtly deceitful cunning artful sly 狡猾的 狡诈的 诡计多端的l cow ( v. ) :make timi
10、d and submissive by filling with fear or awe intimidate 恫吓 吓唬 威胁e.g. He cowed them with his hard eyes like a tamer among beasts. 他以严厉的眼光吓唬他们,活像兽群中间的驯兽师。l docile ( adj.) :easy to manage or discipline tractable 易管教的 顺从的 温顺的 驯服的 听话的synonyms: obedient, tractable, compliantl brutish ( adj. ) :of or like
11、a brute savage gross 野兽般的 残忍的 粗野的l Hun (n.): used as a disparaging terms for a German, especially a German soldier in World War I. 对德国士的蔑称l plod ( v. ) :walk 0r move heavily and laboriously trudge 沉重缓慢地走e.g. We plodded on through the rain for several hours. 我们在雨中跋涉了几个小时。l swarm ( n.) :a moving mass
12、crowd or throng(移动的)大群 大堆l smart (v.): to feel a sharp, stinging pain 感到剧痛,感到伤心e.g. No creature smarts so little as a fool. 傻瓜是精神上受到折磨最少的人。l crawl (v.): move forward and slowly 爬行,蠕动l locust ( n.) :any of various large grasshoppers often traveling in great swarms and destroying nearly all vegetation
13、 in areas visited 蝗虫l smart ( v ) :feel mental distress or irritation as in resentment remorse etc 感到痛苦 感到伤心l prey ( n.) :an animal hunted or killed for food by another animal a person or thing that falls victim to someone or something 被捕食的动物 牺牲者 牺牲品l villainous ( adj.) :of like or characteristic of
14、 a villain evil vicious wicked坏人的 邪恶的 恶棍似的e.g. Such a villainous band of thieves broke into the store. 这群恶棍一样的小偷闯进了商店。l cataract ( n.) :any strong flood or rush of water deluge 洪水 急流 大雨l declare (v.): to make known formally or officially 宣布,宣告synonym: announce, publish, proclaiml dominion (n.): cont
15、rol, authority to rule 统治, 管辖l due (adj.): suitable, proper 适当的l concur ( v ) :agree(with) be in accord(in an opinion etc )同意 赞成 与(意 见)一致(常与 with in 连用)e.g. She has expressed her opposition to the plan, and I fully concur with in this matter. l irrevocable ( adj. ) :that cannot be revoked recalled o
16、r undone unalterable 不能取消的 不可废止的 不可改变的 无 可挽回的l vestige ( n.) :a trace mark or sign of something that once existed but has passed away or disappeared 残 迹 遗迹 痕迹synonym: trace, trackl parley ( v. ) :have a conference or discussion esp. with an enemy confer 会谈(尤指与敌方的谈判)e.g. The opposing sides come to re
17、alize that a pointless quarrel doesnt help the situation; therefore, they plan to parley with each other.l rid (v.): (rid, rid), free from a burden, 使摆脱,使去掉l rid sb/sth of sb/sth: freel foe (n.): (old-fashioned, formal) an enemy 敌人,反对者l creed ( n.) :a statement of belief principles or opinions on an
18、y subject 信条 信念l divergence ( n.) :departure from a particular viewpoint practice etc 偏离 背离 背驰e.g. There is a great divergence of opinions among the board of directors. 董事会内部的意见存在巨大的分歧。Antonym: convergencel woefully: deplorably or regrettably 可悲地,不幸地e.g. The preparations were woefully inadequate. 准备
19、工作未免作的太不够了。l fortify (v.): to make strong; to strengthen and secure 巩固,强化,设防l tyranny (n.): absolute power, especially when exercised unjustly or cruelly 专制l moralise ( v. ) :think write or speak about matters of right and wrong often in a selfrighteous or tedious way(在言谈或写作中) 论道德问题 说教(常作贬义)e.g. He
20、is always moralizing about the behavior of young people. 他总是就年轻人的行为进行说教。l folly (n.): foolish or senseless behavior 愚蠢l catastrophe ( n.) :any great and sudden calamity disaster or misfortune 骤然而 来的大灾难 灾祸 祸患synonym: cataclysml bloodlust ( n.) :a strong desire to kill or wound 杀人欲 嗜杀狂l lure ( v ) :at
21、tract tempt or entice(often with Dm)吸引 诱惑 不断引诱(常与 on连用)e.g. Many young engineers have been lured to go abroad by the promise of high wages.l outrage (n.): an act or event that is violent, cruel, 暴行,侮辱e.g. Those who had been under colonial rule for more than a century would never forget the outages c
22、ommitted by the aggressor troops.l hurl ( v ) :throw or fling with force or violence 猛投 猛掷 猛抛e.g. The soldier hurled himself upon the enemy. 那个士兵 向敌人猛扑过去。l prelude ( n.) :anything serving as the introduction to a principal event action performance etc preliminary part preface,opening 序言 序幕e.g. The b
23、ankruptcy of several small firms was the prelude to general economic collapse. l intervene ( v ) :come or be in between as something unnecessary or irrelevant interpose 干涉 干预l subjugation ( n.) :bringing under control conquering 征服 制服l hearth ( n.) :the fireside as the center of family life family l
24、ife home 炉边 家庭生活 家庭l exertion (n.): physical and mental effort努力,尽力短语 (Expressions)l round up: cause sb or sth to gather in one place 驱集 使集拢例 The guide rounded up the tourists and led them back to the coach. 导游把游客集合在一起, 领他们回到车上。l bow down: bend ones body or knee or lower ones head 屈服于;俯首就范;顺从,服从(to)
25、:l count on: rely on sb or sth with confidence 依靠 信赖 指望例 Dont count on a salary increase this year. 别指望今年会加薪水。l go all out: do ones utmost, spare no efforts 全力以赴例 This team is going all out to win the championship. 这个队为了争取冠军而全力以赴。l make a reference to: speaking of or mentioning sb or sth 提到 提及例 1.Th
26、e commentator made a pointed reference to the recent scandal. 这个评论员有针对性地提到了最近的丑闻。2. You should make a reference to a dictionary. 你应该参考字典。3. These are my personal views, you make a reference to. 我儿子是这样的,你作个参考吧l to the effect that: with the meaning that,giving the information that大意为例: 1. He left a no
27、te to the effect that he would not be returning. 他留下一张字条大意是说他不回来了。2. He speaks to the effect that the same symbol can carry different implications in different cultures. 他大意是说:“同样一个象征符号不同的文化中却有着不同的含意”。l devoid of : complete without , empty of没有;缺乏的e.g. Her voice is devoid of any self-pity or bittern
28、essl on the threshold of: at the point of entering or beginning of 在门口 在的开端例 The politician was on the threshold of his career. 那位政治家的事业刚刚起步。l tie down: reduce to bondage, enslave, restrict someone s freedom 束缚 限制 奴役例 1. The veteran worker refuses to be tied。down by petty restriction 那个老工人不理会琐细的规章制度
29、的限制。2. He didnt want a family because he didnt want to be tied down.他不想要家庭,因为他不想受限制l in due course/time: at the appropriate time eventually 在适当的时机, 最终例 Your request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求将在适当的时候予以处 理。l it follows that: it shows that from this we can see that 由此可见, 由此断定例 He doesnt com
30、e to work today but it doesnt necessarily follow that he is ill .他今天没来上班但并不见得他就是病了。l appeal to sb to do sth: call for, urge sb to do sth 呼吁某人做某事第14课关于希特勒入侵苏联的讲话温斯顿?邱吉尔 二十二日星期天早晨,我一醒来便接到了希特勒入侵苏联的消息。这就使原先意料中的事变成了无可怀疑的事实。我完全清楚我们对此应该承担何种义务,采取何种政策。我也完全清楚该如何就此事发表声明。尚待完成的只不过是将这一切形成文字而已。于是,我吩咐有关部门立即发表通告,我将于
31、当晚九点钟发表广播讲话。不一会儿,匆匆从伦敦赶到的迪尔将军走进我的卧室,为我带来了详细情报。德国人已大规模入侵苏联,苏联空军部队有很大一部分飞机都没来得及起飞便遭到德军的突袭。德军目前似乎正以凌厉的攻势极为迅猛地向前推进。这位皇家军队总参谋长报告完毕后又补了一句,“我估计他们将会大批地被包围。” 一整天我都在写讲稿,根本没有时间去找战时内阁进行磋商,也没有必要这样做。我知道我们大家在这个问题上的立场是完全一致的。艾登先生、比弗布鲁克勋爵,还有斯塔福德?克里普斯爵士他是十号离开莫斯科回国的那天也同我在一起。那个周末值班的是我的私人秘书科维尔先生。由他执笔记述的下面这段关于那个星期天里切克尔斯首相
32、官邸发生的情况的文字,也许值得一提:“六月二十一日,星期六。晚饭前我来到切克尔斯首相官邸。怀南特夫妇、艾登夫妇和爱德华?布里奇斯等几位均在那儿。晚饭席上,邱吉尔先生说,德国人人侵苏联已是必然无疑的了。他认为希特勒是想指望博取英美两国的资本家和右冀势力的同情和支持。不过,希特勒的如意算盘打错了。我们英国将会全力以赴援助苏联。维南特表示美国也会采取同样的态度。晚饭后,当我同邱吉尔先生在槌球场上散步时,他又一次谈到了这一话题。我当时问他,对于他这个头号反共大将来说,这种态度是否意味着改变自己的政治立场。绝非如此。我现在的目标只有一个,即消灭希特勒。这使我的生活单纯多了。假使希特勒入侵地狱,我至少会在
33、下议院替魔鬼说几句好话的。 次日清晨四点钟,我被电话铃惊醒,原来是外交部来的电话,内容是报告德国已开始进攻俄国的消息。首相一向吩咐,只有当英国遭到入侵时才可以叫醒他。因此,我等到八点钟才向他报告这一消息。他听完消息后只说了一句话:通知英国广播电台,我今晚九点要发表广播讲话。他从上午十一点开始撰写讲稿,中间除与斯塔福德克里普斯爵士、克兰伯恩勋爵和比弗布鲁克勋爵共进午餐外,这一天的全部时间都花在写讲稿上了讲稿直到九点差二十分才写好。” 在这次广播讲话中,我说道: (“纳粹政体与共产主义的最糟糕之处毫无两样。) 除了贪欲和种族统治外,它没有任何指导思想和行动准则。它在残酷压迫和疯狂侵略过程中所犯下的
34、滔天罪行在人类历史上可谓空前绝后。在过去的二十五年中,我比任何人都更坚定而始终如一地反对共产主义。过去对共产主义所作的批评我仍然一句也不想收回。但现在展现在我们面前的景象已经将那一切冲得烟消云散了。过去的一切,连同它的种种罪恶、蠢行和悲剧全都从眼前乍然消失。此刻我眼前看到的是俄国的士兵昂然挺立于自己的国土,英勇地捍卫着他们祖祖辈辈自古以来一直辛勤耕耘着的土地。我看到他们正在守卫着自己的家园,在那里母亲和妻子正在向上帝祈祷是啊,任何人都总有祈祷的时候祈求上帝保佑她们的亲人的平安,并保佑她们的壮劳力、她们的勇士和保护者凯旋归来。我看见成千上万的俄国村庄,那儿的人们虽然要靠在土地上辛勤耕作才能勉强维
35、持生计,却依然能够享受到天伦之乐,那儿的姑娘在欢笑,儿童在嬉戏。我看到这一切正面临着凶暴的袭击,正杀气腾腾地扑向他们的是纳粹的战争机器同它的那些全副武装、刀剑当当有声、皮靴咚咚作响的普鲁士军官以及它的那些奸诈无比、刚刚帮它征服并奴役了十多个国家的帮凶爪牙。我还看到那些呆头呆脑、训练有素、既驯服听话又凶残野蛮的德国士兵像一群蝗虫般地向前蠕动着。我看见天空中那些屡遭英军痛击、余悸未消的德国轰炸机和战斗机此时正庆幸终于找到他们以为是无力反抗、可手到即擒的猎物。“在这些刀光剑影、腥风血雨的场面背后,我看到一小撮恶棍在那里策划、组织,并犯下了这惨绝人寰的滔天罪行 “我不得不在此宣布大英帝国政府的决定我相
36、信大英帝国各自治领对这一决定会适时地表示一致赞同因为我们必须立即表明自己的态度,一天也不应拖延。我必须发表正式宣言,难道还会有人不清楚我们将会采取何种政策吗?我们只有一个目标,一个唯一的、不可改变的目标我们决心消灭希特勒及纳粹政权的一切痕迹。无论什么都不能使我们离开这一目标。我们决不妥协,我们绝不与希特勒及其帮凶谈判议和。我们将对他实施地面打击,我们将对他实施海上打击,我们将对他实施空中打击,直到在主的帮助下,将他的魔影从地球上消除,将纳粹统治下的人民从他所设的枷锁中解放出来。任何坚持同纳粹集团作战的个人和国家都将得到我们的援助,任何与希特勒同流合污的个人和国家都是我们的敌人这就是我们的政策,
37、这就是我们的宣言。因此,我们将竭尽全力援助俄国政府和俄国人民。我们还将呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟国与我们同心协力,坚定不移地战斗到底“这绝不是一场阶级战争,而是一场大英帝国和英联邦共同参加的、不分种族、宗教信仰或政党派别的全民战争。至于美国方面的行动,我无权代作宣言,但我要声明一点:如果希特勒认为他对苏维埃俄国的进攻会使那些决心埋葬他的伟大的民主国家稍稍转移目标或松懈斗志的话,那他就大错特错了。恰恰相反,我们将会更加坚强、更加勇敢地为将人类从他的暴政下解救出来而奋斗,我们将加强而不是削弱自己的决心和力量。“那些让自己遭到各个击破的国家和政府,当初若是采取联合一致的行动,本来是可以使自己和全世界免遭
38、这场劫难的。现在当然不是对他们的愚蠢行为发表评论的时候。但在几分钟前,当我谈到希特勒受其嗜血成性、邪恶贪婪的驱使或引诱,贸然发动了这次对俄国的侵略冒险时,我还说过在他的疯狂行为的背后隐藏着一个深谋远虑的动机。他之所以想摧毁俄国,乃是因为他期望着一旦这一行动顺利得手,他便可以将其陆、空军主力从东线调回,投入对英伦三岛的进攻。他清楚地知道,他必须征服英国,否则,他将因其犯下的种种罪行而受到惩罚。入侵俄国的行动只不过是他蓄谋已久的对英伦三岛的入侵行动的序幕而已。毫无疑问,他期望这一切能在冬季到来之前全部完成,期望在美国的海空军来不及插手干预之前即能征服大不列颠。他期望能以空前的规模再度重演他长期以来赖以发迹的将敌手各个击破的故伎,然后便可以腾出场地来演出最后的一幕将整个西半球置于他的控制和统治之下。他知道,如果做不到这一点,他的全部战果都将化为泡影。“由此可知,俄国现在所面临的危险就是我们自己的危险,同样也是美国的危险;俄国人民保家卫国的事业就是全世界一切自由的人民和自由的民族的事业。让我们从过去的残酷的历史经验中汲取教训吧。让我们趁着生命未息、力量尚存之时,加倍努力,团结奋斗吧。” (摘自第二次世界大战第三卷)9