初中英语定语从句关系代词和关系副词.doc

精心整理定语从句讲解及练习一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.(2) 先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.2,只用which不用that的情况：(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Illneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity8.介词关系代词是一个普遍使用的结构。(1)介词关系代词可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。介词关系代词结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.热身练习请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.?CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.2.?AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.?Youcouldntunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.?Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.5.?Theysaidsomethingyoudidntlike.6.?MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose1.?Thisistheman_wantstoseeyou.2.?Thestudent_answeredthequestionisZhangHua.3.?Theman_youwenttoseehascome.4.?Theman_Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.5.?Thewoman_yousawisourgeographyteacher.6.?Therunner_youareaskingaboutisoverthere.7.?Hereisthepen_youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.8.?Thesebooks_youlentmewereveryuseful.9.?Thisisshirt_Iboughtyesterday.10.?Adictionaryisabook_givesthemeaningtotheword.11.?Showmetheboy_motherisawell-knownsinger.12.?Theboy_fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.三、单项选择()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady_comesfromBeijing.A.whoB.whichC.whomD.whose()2.Thestudentswereallinterested_youtoldthemyesterday.A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthatD.ineverything()3.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice_wasinvited.A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which()4.Thisisthemuseum_wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.inwhichC.whichD.inthat()5.Charlietoldhismotherall_hadhappened.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who()6.Doyouknowthestudent_?A.whomIoftentalkB.withwhoIoftentalkC.IoftentalkwithD.thatIoftentalk()7.Ilikethehouse_windowsfacesouth.A.whoseB.whosC.itsD.its()8.Theyoungwoman_Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.A.whoB.towhomC.whomD.that定语从句中关系副词的用法定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when,where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：?表时间的名词+when+定语从句?when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.?IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.?表地点的名词+where+定语从句?where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.?ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.?表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)例句：ThatisthereasonwhyIdidthejob.(在现代英语中why可以省略)?上句也可以这样表示：?ThatisthereasonIdidthejob.?又如：?Thiswasthereason(why)weraisedthetemperature.关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyouontheseashore.*Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinXueyaoMiddleSchool.*Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.*Thisisthehospitalwhich/thatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.*Thereasonwhyhedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.*Thisisthereasonwhich/thathegavehisbossintheoffice.2)“when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：DoyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwefirstmetinNantong?(onwhich=when)Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.(inwhich=where)DoyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtogotoMarysbirthdayparty.(forwhich=why)有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.3)关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。?例如：IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.?HecametoShanghaiin1980,whenhewasonly12.?Idontknowtheexactspotwheretheywillmeet.?MrWangwillflytoBeijing,wherehewillstayforthreemonths.有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。?DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil.”.4)“that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when,where、why”和“介词+which”结构，尤其在“thetimewhen”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。?ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.?DuringthetimeIwasthereIvisitedhimtwice.?ThisismysecondtimeIhavecometoyourcountry.5)“which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,whichadvicehedidnotfollow.定语从句专项练习1Thisistheplace_Johnwasborn?Awhich?Bwhere?C.when?Dthat2.?Heistheonlyperson_Iwanttotalkto.?A.that?B.which?C.who?D.whose3Isthisproblem_theteacherexplainedlastweek?Atheone?Bthat?CwhichDone4Thehighbuilding_standfourpolicemenisthepolicestation?Awhich?Bthat?Cinfrontofit?D.infrontofwhich5MymotherwillgiveMaryamodelplane_shewillliketoplay?Awhich?Bthat?Cforwhich?Dwithwhich6Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.?Auntil?Bthat?Cwhen?Dwhere7Therearetimes_IwonderwhyIdothisjob?Aas?Bwhile?Cwhich?Dwhen8AfterlivinginLondonforthirtyyears，MrSmithreturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild?which?Bwhere?Cthat?Dwhen9Theyhadalongtalkaboutthepersonsandthings_theybothknew?Awhom?Bwhat?C.that?Dwhich10Thatistheverybook_Iamlookingfor.?Athat?Bwhich?Cwhat?Das11Whoisthescientist_isgoingtogiveusatalkonspacethisSunday?Athat?Bwho?C.which?Dwhom12Thedays_wespentinTokyotogetherwillneverbeforgotten.?A.when?Bwhich?Cwho?Donwhich13Apenfriendofmine_IoftenreceivelettersaskedmeforsomeChinesecoins.?Awho?Bwhom?Ctowho?Dfrom?whom14Perhapsthisistheonlyshop_youcangetsuchcheapgoods.?A.that?Bofwhich?Cbywhich?Dwhere15Icanstillremembertheplace_?mybrotherandIusedtositintheevening.?Awhich?Bwhat?C.that?Dwhere16.Thefirstthing_weshoulddoistowatertheflowersinfrontoftheroom.?A.which?B.as?C.what?D.that17Thatisthehotel_westayedlastyear.?A.inthat?B.inwhich?C.why?D.atwhich18.Thisisthereason_wemadeMrLiheadmasterofourschool.?A.where?B.when?C.before?D.why19.Thestudentwhodoeswellinhislessonisthemonitor_isverymodestandstudieshard.?A.who?B.that?C.as?D.which?