初中英语定语从句关系代词和关系副词.doc

精心整理
定语从句讲解及练习
一、 定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.
2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.
上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that,which,who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系副词where,when、why
关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
如果先行词是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,关系代词应该用
who或whom.例：Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?
2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主语)
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做宾语)
4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主语)
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做宾语)
具体使用时还要注意下列问题：
1,只能使用that,不用which的情况：

(1)先行词是all,few,little,nothing,everything,anything等不定代词时。例如：Allthathesaidistrue.

(2) 先行词被only,no,any,all,等词修饰时。例如：Heistheonlyforeignerthathasbeentothatplace.

(3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：Hewasthesecond(person)thattoldmethesecret.
(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihavereadthisyear.

(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：Hetalkedaboutthepeopleandthethingsheremembered.
2,只用which不用that的情况：
　(3)非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：Theboy,whoisgoodatsoccer,comesfromXinjiang.
Thatnecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
（非限)

Thereissomebodyherewhowantstospeaktoyou这里有人要和你说话(限制性)
(4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与andthis相似，并可以指人。例如：
Hedidverywellinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.
(5)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。
5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?
=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
6.when指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
I’llneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.HearrivedinBeijingonthedaywhenIleft.

7.where指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：
Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisintheeastofthecity

8."介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构。
(1)"介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，关系代词只可用whom或which,不可用that。
例:Isthatthehouseinwhichyoulive?
　　关系代词whom，which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将whom与which与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：
Thatwastheroominwhichwehadlivedfortenyears.=Thatwastheroomwhichwehadlivedinfortenyears.
像listento,lookat,takecareof等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.
热身练习
请分析一下定语从句：(请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)
1.????CheckthewaysyoustudyforanEnglishtest.
2.?????AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.
3.?????Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.
4.?????Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelp.
5.?????Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.
6.?????MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.

二、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose
1.????Thisistheman________wantstoseeyou.
2.????Thestudent___________answeredthequestionisZhangHua.
3.?????Theman__________youwenttoseehascome.
4.?????Theman___________Imetyesterdaylentmesomemoney.
5.?????Thewoman_______________yousawisourgeographyteacher.
6Therunner________________youareaskingaboutisoverthere.
7.??????Hereisthepen_________youlostthedaybeforeyesterday.
8.???Thesebooks_____________youlentmewereveryuseful.
9.???Thisisshirt_______________Iboughtyesterday.
10.???Adictionaryisabook_____________givesthemeaningtotheword.
11.???Showmetheboy______________motherisawell-knownsinger.
12.???Theboy______fatherisateacherisgoodatEnglish.
三、单项选择
()1.YourteacherofChineseisayounglady____comesfromBeijing.
A.who B.which C.whom D.whose
()2.Thestudentswereallinterested____youtoldthemyesterday.
A.inwhichB.inthatthisC.allthat D.ineverything
()3.Hewastheonlypersoninhisoffice______wasinvited.
A.whom B.whose C.that D.which
()4.Thisisthemuseum______wevisitedlastyear.
A.where B.inwhich C.which D.inthat
()5.Charlietoldhismotherall____hadhappened.
A.that B.what C.which D.who
()6.Doyouknowthestudent_____?
A.whomIoftentalk B.withwhoIoftentalk
C.Ioftentalkwith D.thatIoftentalk
()7.Ilikethehouse_____windowsfacesouth.
A.whose B.who’s C.it's D.its
()8.Theyoungwoman_____Ispokejustnowisayoungdoctor.
A.who B.towhom C.whom D.that
定语从句中关系副词的用法
定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when,where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语。其句法结构如下：
?表时间的名词+when+定语从句
?when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
例句：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
?????I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.
?表地点的名词+where+定语从句
?where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
例句：Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.
?????ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
?表原因的名词reason+why+定语从句(why只用于reason之后的限制性定语从句中,在定语从句中作原因状语。)
例句：ThatisthereasonwhyIdidthejob.(在现代英语中why可以省略)
?上句也可以这样表示：
?????ThatisthereasonIdidthejob.
?又如：????Thiswasthereason(why)weraisedthetemperature.
关系副词在定语从句中的用法看似简单，以下注意点不可忽视：
1）“when”、“where”和“why”的运用取就于表时间的名词、表地点的名词和表原因的名词reason在定语从句中所作的成分，比较下面的几组句子：
*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstmetyouontheseashore.
*Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatwespenttogetherinXueyaoMiddleSchool.
**Thisisthehospitalwheremymotherworks.
**Thisisthehospitalwhich/thatwevisitedthedaybeforeyesterday.
***Thereasonwhyhedidnotgotoschoolisthathewasill.
***Thisisthereasonwhich/thathegavehisbossintheoffice.
2)“when”、“where”和“why”都可以替换成“介词+which”，介词的选用取就于先行词和定语从句中的动词。例如：
DoyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwefirstmetinNantong?(onwhich=when)
Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear.(inwhich=where)
DoyouknowthereasonforwhichherefusedtogotoMary’sbirthdayparty.(forwhich=why)
有时定语从句中介词短语和动词有意义紧密的修饰关系，尤其在非限制性定语从句中，常使用“介词+which”结构，而不使用关系副词。例如：
Mymotherworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisasmallriver.
Atnightthesoldiersgottoasmallhill,atthefootofwhichstoodafarmhouse.
3)关系副词“when”、“where”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。?
例如：IwillalwaysrememberthedaywhenIfirstvisitedtheGreatWall.
?????HecametoShanghaiin1980,whenhewasonly12.
?????Idon’tknowtheexactspotwheretheywillmeet.
?????MrWangwillflytoBeijing,wherehewillstayforthreemonths.
有时关系副词“when”、“where”引导的限制性定语从句和先行词有间隔的现象，是为了平衡句子的语法需要。
?DoyourememberoneafternoontenyearsagowhenIcametoyourhouseandborrowedadiamondnecklace?
?ThedaysaregoneforeverwhentheChinesepeopleused“foreignoil.”.
4)“that”可活用为关系副词，相当于“when,where、why”和“介词+which”结构，尤其在“thetimewhen”等结构中的“when”常被“that”代替，而且“that”往往省略。
?ImayleavehereanytimeIwantto.
?DuringthetimeIwasthereIvisitedhimtwice.
?ThisismysecondtimeIhavecometoyourcountry.
5)“which”有时可用作关系形容词，这是“which”在非限制性定语从句中的特殊使用，如：
Thedoctoradvisedhimtogiveupsmoking,whichadvicehedidnotfollow.
定语从句专项练习
1．Thisistheplace_____Johnwasborn?
???A．which?B．where?C.when?D．that
2.?Heistheonlyperson____Iwanttotalkto.
???A.that??B.which??C.who??D.whose
3．Isthisproblem_____theteacherexplainedlastweek?
?A．theone?B．that?C．whichD．one
4．Thehighbuilding_____standfourpolicemenisthepolicestation．
?A．which???B．that?C．infrontofit??D.infrontofwhich
5．MymotherwillgiveMaryamodelplane_____shewillliketoplay．
?A．which???B．that?C．forwhich???D．withwhich
6．Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_____Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.
??A．until?B．that?Cwhen?D．where
7．Therearetimes__IwonderwhyIdothisjob．?
A．as?B．while?C．which?D．when
8．AfterlivinginLondonforthirtyyears，MrSmithreturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild．?????which?B．where?Cthat?D．when
9．Theyhadalongtalkaboutthepersonsandthings_____theybothknew．
?A．whom?B．what?C.that?D．which
10．Thatistheverybook______Iamlookingfor.
??A．that?B．which?C．what?D．as
11．Whoisthescientist_____isgoingtogiveusatalkonspacethisSunday?
??A．that?B．who?C.which?D．whom
12．Thedays_____wespentinTokyotogetherwillneverbeforgotten.
??A.when?B．which?C．who?D．onwhich
13．Apenfriendofmine______IoftenreceivelettersaskedmeforsomeChinesecoins.
?A．who?B．whom??C．towho???D．from?whom
14．Perhapsthisistheonlyshop_____youcangetsuchcheapgoods.
?A.that???B．ofwhich???C．bywhich???D．where
15．Icanstillremembertheplace_____?mybrotherandIusedtositintheevening.
??A．which?B．what?C.that?D．where
16.Thefirstthing____weshoulddoistowatertheflowersinfrontoftheroom..
?A.which????B.as????C.what??D.that
17．Thatisthehotel____westayedlastyear.
?A.inthat??B.inwhich??C.why??D.atwhich
18.Thisisthereason____wemadeMrLiheadmasterofourschool.
?A.where??B.when??C.before??D.why
19.Thestudentwhodoeswellinhislessonisthemonitor___isverymodestandstudieshard.
?A.who??B.that???C.as???D.which
??