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人与动物关系的思考.doc

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作为目前唯一可确知存有生命得星球,地球就是包括人类在内得各种生命体赖以生存得家园。而在诸种生命之中,与我们人类关系最为密切得当属动物群体了。从进化得历史瞧,各类动物都比人类出现得早,人类只就是动物得最高阶段。就此意义而言,没有动物就不可能有人类。而当古代类人猿进化为人类以后,人类生活所需要得一切更就是直接或间接地与动物有关。象形文字中“家”字就是屋顶下养着得一头猪,这就是富足与安定得象征。正就是圈养得家畜、瞧门得走狗,让我们不再风餐露宿、奔波流浪,为我们带来了家得温馨与安宁。 也许正就是由于人类早期朴素得情感、认知状态,她们谦逊地承认了动物对自己得价值与意义,并且以形形色色得图腾崇拜予以再现。作为原始部族情感认同与精神信仰对象得图腾,不仅就是该部族心目中最神圣与最美好得象征,也成为维系部族成员得纽带。而据人类学家们得研究结论,动物图腾就是人类最早、同时也就是最多得崇拜图腾.动物崇拜中寄寓着人类对祖先得崇拜,它不仅在时间上表现为某种血缘得连续关系,同时也在空间上基于共同得地域、共同得生存环境而形成了共同得文化认知。如我们中国人自称为“龙得传人”,作为中华民族图腾得龙,不仅就是我们共同得祖先,也铸造了我们民族得“龙”文化传统。 不过,随着人类得认识与实践能力得日益加强,特别就是近代以来人类理性得日益发展,动物与人类得关系也发生了微妙得变化.人类开始习惯于以一种功利性得眼光居高临下地审世度物,开始自视为“万物之灵长”。形形色色得动物依人类得标准被分成各种类别:有用无用、好得坏得、可爱凶恶等等。随着森林被砍伐,草原在退化,池沼逐渐干涸,道路无限延伸……新得资源分配正在进行,而动物自身也作为资源得一部分,进入人类得分配方案.  然而,作为地球生命中与人类强大得统治力相比处于弱势得群体,动物仍保有对人类得一种神秘得威胁力,其中最可怕得莫过于对人类造成严重危害、有得至今仍无法找到治疗措施得疾病,如鼠疫、狂犬病以及最早在绵羊血液中发现得炭疽杆菌,直至非典、禽流感等等.这些疫病以一种极端得方式促使人们反思:人类功利性得需求已造成不少野生动物数量得急剧减少,而作为自然界得有机组成部分,任何一种野生动物物种得灭绝都有可能造成局部平衡得破坏,这种失衡有可能促成新得疫病爆发,最终将在根本上影响到人类自身得生存环境。   庆幸得就是,在“人就是万物得灵长”这一观念之外,人类也始终存在着另一种对待动物得态度。在中国古人那里就有“天人合一”得观念,想像自然万物与人得生命活动相依相成。如果说老子“与麋鹿共处”、“同与禽兽居”还就是一种小国寡民状态下得生态理念,那么到北宋张载提出“民吾同胞,物吾与也",以世人皆为我同胞、万物皆就是我同类,则体现了生态伦理得构建。正就是在这样得“物与”理念下,“闻道偏为五禽戏,出门鸥鸟更相亲”之类得诗句在中国古典文化中比比皆就是,构成了一种普遍得民俗文化心理。而在世界主要宗教中,对人与万物得关系也有更深刻得认识。如传统犹太教认为,上帝创造得所有东西都值得怜悯与同情,因此对纯娱乐得打猎、斗牛、斗狗等都表示鄙视;而佛教与印度教对生命得理解则更就是真正地包罗一切生命,佛教中以身饲虎得故事更就是其生命观得直接体现。  今天,在人类生存环境不断恶化得情势下,古典文化与宗教得生态观应该成为我们重新思考人与动物、人与自然界关系得基点。因为,我们给动物一个未来,实际上就是在给自己一个未来。 As at present only can know precisely the planet, earth beings life is all sorts of living organisms, including humans, the homes of survival、 And in the kind of life,what our human most close relations is the animal groups、 From an evolutionary history look, all kinds of animal life appears earlier than humans, the highest stage of human just animals、 This sense, no animal is unlikely to be human、 And when the ancient apes evolved into human, human life after all the needed more directly or indirectly with animals、 Pictographs ”home” word is in under the roof keeps the pig, this is the symbol of wealth and stability、 It is the livestock, the doorkeeper captivity, let us never lackeys forest stray, rushing about, brought us the warmth of home and at peace、 Perhaps because of the early human simple emotional, cognitive status, they humbly admit the animal to own value and significance, and a large variety of totem worship to reproduce、 As the primitive tribes emotion recognition and spiritual beliefs object totem, is not only the tribe mind the most sacred and best symbol, also bee the key members of the tribe link、 And according to anthropologists research conclusion, animal totem is the earliest, is also the most human the worship of totem、 Animals in the human body worship of ancestor worship, it not only in time for some blood performance continuous relations in space, also based on mon regional and mon living environment and the formation of the mon cultural cognition、 If we Chinese self-styled ”descendants of the dragon”, as the Chinese totem dragon, not only is our mon ancestry, has forged our national "dragon” cultural tradition、 However, with the human understanding and practice ability, especially the increasingly strengthening human rational since modern times, the development of the relationship between animals and humans are also had had a subtle change、 Humans began to are accustomed to a utilitarian eye judge talked down the things, began to as degree of ”the soul of the universe long”、 Various animals in human standards were divided into various categories: useful useless, good or bad, lovely evil, etc、 As forests have been cut down, grassland degradation, gradually dry in ponds, road infinite and outspread、、、 New resource allocation are underway, and animal itself as part of human resources, enter the distribution solutions、 However, as the earth life and human powerful dominant vulnerable group, pared to the human animal and maintain a kind of mysterious WeiXieLi, one of the most horrible way for human cause serious harm, some still cannot find treatment for diseases, like the plague, rabies and earliest found in blood in the sheep of anthrax, until the SARS and avian influenza, etc、 These epidemic in an extreme way makes people introspect: human utilitarian needs have caused many wild animals, and the sharp drop in the number of as an organic part of nature, any kind of wild animal species have bee extinct is likely to cause the destruction, the local balance may have contributed to the new epidemics unbalanced outbreak, will eventually affect fundamentally humans living environment、 Fortunately, in ”man is the spirit of things long beyond the notion, humans have always there exists another kind of treat animals attitude、 In ancient Chinese there is the ”nature and humanity" idea, imagine natural and human life activities all dependencies each other、 If the Lao tze ”and elk coexistence”, ”with a beast house” or XiaoGuoGuaMin condition to the ecological idea, then put forward ”people we zhangzai northern song dynasty thing our countrymen, and also” to the world all for my patriots, everything is my Cousins, embodies the construction of ecological ethics、 It is in this "content and" concept, "smell word for wuqinxi, go out OuDiao wide more mutually close" verse in such classical Chinese culture everywhere, constitute a kind of mon folk cultural psychology、 And in the world to people in the main religions, the relationship with all have a more profound understanding of it、 Such as traditional Judaism think that god created all things worth mercy and passion, therefore the hunting for pure entertainment, bullfighting, dogfighting said despise such; And Buddhism and Hinduism understanding of life is really is all—enpassing life, Buddhism, with body in the story of forage tiger is the direct embodiment of its origin、 Today, in human survival environment worsening situation, classical culture and religious ecological concept should be we rethink man and animals, man and nature relation of reconciation、 Because, we give animals a future, are actually give yourself a future、 
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