《学术英语——计算机科学与技术》习题解答.docx

学术英语计算机科学与技术习题解答第1单元练习2答案：1. Daniel used scientific methodology as he tested his hypothesis by performing an experiment. He recorded his observations and formed a conclusion based on the results of his experiment. In this instance, he was following the scientific method.2. This scenario represents personal experience. Deborah may not be bitten by a mosquito during this trip, so it isnt necessarily a fact, or guaranteed, to happen. However, since she has previously been bitten by mosquitoes, she bases her decisions on these experiences.3. This scenario represents intuition. John had a gut feeling that the bridge was not safe and decided to turn back. There was no reason or scientific support for him turning around, but rather his instincts.练习4答案：review paperreview paperresearch paperresearch paperresearch paper research paper第2单元练习1答案：1-f; 2-d; 3-b; 4-a; 5-e; 6-c;练习2答案：1. design and2. discreteanalysis ofmathematicsalgorithms3. formal4. computation5. sorting andlanguages andon matricessearchingautomata theory6. queuing7. knowledgetheoryrepresentationand reasoning8. theorem9. complexity10. grammarsprovingclassesand contextalgorithmsfree languages4C5H第12单元练习1答案:12234445练习2答案：1F2C3 A4H； 5B6E7F8D练习3答案：a. In this article, we propose WiscKey, a novel LSM-tree-based key-value store that separates keys and values to minimize write and read amplification.b. The data layout and I/O patterns of WiscKcy are highly optimized for SSD devices.c. Our results show that Wise Key can significantly improve performance fbr most workloads.d. We believe there are many avenues for future work.e. For example, in WiscKey, garbage collection is done by a single background thread.f. Wc can improve garbage collection in two ways.练习4答案：样文1（1）用了过去时，会让读者误认为是作者所做，直到看到后面的Krashen, 1982才知道是Krashcn的研究成果。（2）用了被动语态，没有突出是谁完成的工作，加上（1）句子末尾的 Krashen, 1982,会让读者误认为是Krashen所做，直到读到句末的in this study”才知是作者的成果。（3）可以判断出是作者的实验内容。（4）用了现在完成时，（5）用了一般现在时，会让读者误认为是前人的发 现。样文2更清晰（1）改为一般现在时，读者便知是前人己经论证过的结论。（2）改为主动语态，一读便知是作者的研究内容。（3）可以判断出是作者的实验内容。（4）和（5）改为过去时，读者便知是本文的研究内容。练习5答案：b a b a b b练习6答案：AB A AB A练习7答案：b-a-c-e-d-g-f第13单元练习2答案:第一部分：人是否需要提供的信息需要提供的文件你的研究中是否涉及到人类志愿者？如果是志愿者是参与社会学研究还是人类科学研究？有关招收志愿者的详细 信息,能否参加的标准以及 知情同意程序细节。伦理道德许可书知情同意书信息表副本是否是儿童/未成年人？除以上信息外还要添加：文件同上练习5答案：年龄范围儿童/未成年年人的知情同意程序；父母的知情同意程序；程序必须极尽所能让志愿者及其父母必须充分了解详情。第二部分：个人数据保护是否需要提供的信息需要提供的文件如果是你的研究是 否涉及到搜 集或处理个 人数据？防止未经授权访问个人数据的安全措施知情同意表需使用的信息表单（如相关）确认使用的数据在项 目中是公开的，可以自 由使用于项目。数据集所有者/经 理许可（例如社 交媒体数据库）（如适用）应主编要求，撤回该文。这篇发表在Journal of Pain上的文章与先前发表在 Psychosomatic Medicine 一文有 多处相似之处(Costa-Martins JM, Pereira M, Martins H, Moura-Ramos M, Coelho R,Tavares J. The role of maternal attachment in the experience of labor pain: a prospective study. Psychosom Med, 76(2014)221-228, http:/dx.doi.org/10.1097/PSY.()()000()0000()()0()40)。经确认，两文之间的重合与 Journal of Pain发表指南不相符。练习7答案： misrepresentation练习8答案：1. A Dutch social psychologistSome of the data in his studies were fabricated.2. Junior researchers in Stapels lab alleged his fraudulent conduct.3. 略练习9答案：promise第14单元练习2答案:DABFCE练习4答案:幻灯片1TOA detectionLastthe localization algorithm1.As you can see2.hardware3.software4.As to5.two6.While7.Regarding8.First9.time synchronization10.Second幻灯片2练习5答案：1.Firstly2.calculate3.Following4.calculating5.lhen6.stable value7.Finally8.in order toCBEFAD练习8答案：HFAICDBEG第15单元练习1答案：Explain when to ask question at the starting of presentation2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10Inviting (further) questions and comments1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 12练习4答案：I cant understand your quesiton.Your approach is not mature. You need more evidence and data to prove its applicability in other situation.1 dont agree with you.The statistics in this tabic arc not significant.There is a mistake on this slide.第16单元练习答案：（原文做了一点改写，根据答案在讲解中补充一些）to make people work harder is a topic 2that lots of people have written about 3in the last few years. There are 4lots of different theories 5etc and 6I think some of them are 7ok. 8When we think about this 9we should remember 9the old Chinese proverb, that you can lead a horse to water but you cant make it drink.11 So how do we increase production ? 12Its quite a complex subject but 13l/ll just 14talk about 15a couple of ideas.to make people work harder is a topic 2that lots of people have written about 3in the last few years. There are 4lots of different theories 5etc and 6I think some of them are 7ok. 8When we think about this 9we should remember 9the old Chinese proverb, that you can lead a horse to water but you cant make it drink.11 So how do we increase production ? 12Its quite a complex subject but 13l/ll just 14talk about 15a couple of ideas.1. wordy use motivation2. lots of people - colloquial give names3. the last few years-Vague - more exact4. lots of different - Avoid lots of,5. Avoid using and and so on,6.1 think - not professional7. are ok- Too informal8. When we think about this- wordy, not professional9. Not professional10. the old Chinese proverb - not professional11. rhetorical questions12. contractions13. ril. avoid contraction14. talk about - personal15. a couple of- informal第17单元练习1答案：l.A. academicB. dailyA. academicB. daily2 A. dailyB. academicA. dailyB. academic练习2答案:DB练习3答案：a. Possible answer: The combination of reproduction and errors in the duplication of genetic material results in biological evolution, a change in the genetic composition of a population of organisms over time.b. Possible answer: The analysis of the data revealed childrens reaction to excessive sugar intake.c. Possible answer: The prediction in the trend of retail sales requires different information such as an analysis of market demand and information about the companys demand.练习4答案：参考答案：a. Answer: The man was convicted for stealing the car.(改编 自 The man was nailed for stealing the car. The man was convicted for stealing the car. )Answer: I cannot help wondering what you have done. (改编自 I can t handle cramming for tests. I cannot handle studying for tests at the last minute. )Answer: It is suggested that you go to the cinema at 9 am.(改编 自 We suggest that you leave the building after 7pm. It is suggested that you leave the building after 7pm. )Answer: The experimental data was discussed and analyzed three days ago.(改编自 In this book, I discuss and analyze the literature of the 1990s.In this book, the literature of the 1990s is discussed and analyzed. )Answer: This social event caused a dramatic reaction among citizens. (改编 自 This social event caused a really big reaction among citizens. This social event caused a dramatic reaction among citizens. f37ee06eff9aef80782.html )第18单元练习1答案：a. Answer: Mango ice cream is very delicious, but it can make people fat.b. Answer: The salary of the staff is low; furthermore, their workload is very heavy.c. Answer: It was rainy; they canceled the plan to have a picnic in park.d. Answer: The bank is the only one bearing the name; there are no other branches.e. Answer: Tim has worked in this field for many years; however, he often makes mistakes in data.练习2答案：参考答案：a. Answer: The students who are absent this exam will be expelled from school.b. Answer: The drug is used to treat cancer even though it can cause many side effects.练习3答案：a. Answer: Maria gave up the game because she was too nervous, but she didnt regret it at all.b. Answer: When he went to the supermarket, his mother told him to pick up some broccoli, but he forgot.c. Answer: The kitten waited for Mrs. Diana to come home and feed it, but she didnt come back until it was dark outside.第19单元 练习1答案：A练习2答案：B练习3答案：a. Older generations think that cellular phones and laptops have more cons than pros, however, it really depends on the usage.b. Increased usage of cellular phones and laptops is also a health risk to its users; this fact is often denied by the users.c. Cecilia enjoys using her cellular phone and laptop, she uses it every single day 练习4答案：a. Subordinate Clause FragmentsJohn remembered his wallet after walking over two kilometers.b. Subordinate Clause FragmentsThe entire family overslept because we lost power.c. Participle Phrase FragmentsTaking deep breaths, Saul prepared for his presentation.d. Infinitive Phrase FragmentsWe needed to make three hundred more paper cranes. We wanted to reach the one thousand mark.d. Appositive FragmentsWhen she arrived home, she was welcomed by her parents with a comforting embrace that enveloped her as soon she stepped into the house.第20单元练习1答案：第一组：SD,SD,MI,T第二组:MI,SD,T, SD练习2答案：第一组：S,P,S,S第二组：S,S, P,S第21单元练习1答案：There are a number of competing term that claim to identify a generation of young people who are now entering universities across the world.练习2答案：a. Topic: SexismControlling idea: It is still rampant in todays workplace.b. Topic: traffic accidentsControlling idea: Raising the legal driving age would decrease it.c. Topic: marijuanaControlling idea: Memory impairment can be one effect of using it.d. Topic: learning a foreign languageControlling idea: There are many benefits that come from learning one.练习3答案：dfbaec练习4答案：bacd练习5答案:complex picture that does not simply break down student digital experience intoThe Net generation arguilts claim that aa entire generation who have grown up with technology efi 哽旅 and report arnrwuommunicative practices to older people (PalfreSsGasser, 2008; Tapscott, 2OO8)/niey are described as constantly connected wubMenty of friends in social networking sites (Palfrey & Gasser, 2010, p. 5). Our researdhxjnfirms many of the general points found in studies outside of the Unitp1IgdoinXrelatior)the level of technology access and use. Howeier we would couhsLution to all those tempted to see a confirmation of the Net generation thesisUrstly there exist a number of minorities within the student population, and s Acridly there is a wide variation within as well as between age groups. ThuS would endorse a morebasic generational categories第3单元练习1答案：C-A-D-F-B练习2答案：Paragraph 1: Category/ ContextParagraph 2: ContributionParagraph 3: Clarity/ Correctness第4单元练习1答案：1 theoretical reviewargumentative reviewsystematic reviewintegrated review2 methodological review练习2答案：increase, arises, reliability, challenges, addressing, overview第5单元练习2答案：1议论文2电子邮件3研究论文4教材5评述（如书评）6毕业论文/学位论文7会议论文8文献综述9论文提案/开题报告10会议报告/演讲11会议海报第6单元练习3答案：Write down the subtitles of each section:2 CONVNET CONFIGURATIONSARCHITECTURECONFIGURATIONSDISCUSSION3 CLASSIFICATION FRAMEWORKTRAININGTESTING练习6答案：dbca第22单元练习1答案：suggestimprovedeveloppresentinvestigateagreeexperimenttendconsiderstate练习2答案：a. 参考:To understand the test results, compare them with your expectations.讲解：In order to understand the nature of与To understand* 表达的意思相 同，可以替换，一般从句会使表述复杂化，此处，可将从句改为祈使语气。b. 参考：For each/every book you purchase, you will receive a free bookmark/ a bookmark as a gift.讲解：“each”和“every”都表示每个，语义重复，“gift”有“free”的含 义，语义重复。c. 参考:Because many of the words in this sentence are unnecessary, wc should edit it.讲解：greatw , “basically”，really”均为不必要的修饰词，uit would really be a very good idea意为做什么事是合理的，改为“we should”，意思不 改变，语言更简练。d. 参考:If we must go out to eat with them, we should first go to the ATM because I am out of cash.讲解：in the event that和 uunder circumstances in whichn 均可由 “if” 代 替，uit is necessary that可由“should” 或must代替。e. 参考： We intend to comply with the tax-return regulations that you have mentioned.讲解： “ It goes without saying that we are acquainted with your policy on filing tax returns为多余的解释，“我们遵守您的中报纳税政策”已经说明，我们了解 了纳税政策，不必多加说明。f. 参考:The supply manager considered the correcting typewriter a luxury. 讲解：单词赘述，“luxury”本身就有“unneeded”的意思，因此删掉unneeded 。第23单元练习1答案：Appearance, achieve, argument, calendar, committee, existence, necessary, unforeseen, incidentally, forty.练习2答案：a. (改编 自 The boy, who knew that his mother was about to arrive, ran quickly towards the opening door.)Answer:逗号用作增添额外信息，两个逗号之前为由who引导的非限制性定语 从句，句号表示句子结束。( .html)Answer:冒号用于列举，本句列举项较长，用分号来区分不同的列举项。b. (改编 自 We set out at dawn; the weather looked promising.) ( 1 .html)Answer:两个分句表达的意思关系密切，因此用分号分隔两个分句，句号表示句 子结束。c. Answer:撇号表示省略字母，句号表示句子结束。d. Answer:前一句撇号表示这位律师的案件完成了，后一句撇号表示多位律师 的案件完成了。第32单元练习1答案：1. methods2.strategies 3. indicate4.present 5.evidence6.variables 7.contributions 8.implementations 9.access lO.demonstrate 练习2答案：1. scheme 2. results 3. performance 4. privacy 5. model6. information 7. propose 8. system 9. security 10. Analysis 练习3答案：1-5 implementation traditional computer design removed6-10 affect resources domains feature device练习4答案：1 .components 2. research 3.structure 4.achieve 5.analysis6.approach 7.data 8.abstract 9.requirements lO.establish练习5答案：1. section 2. area 3. derived 4. available 5. benefit6. approach 7. specific 8. estimate 9. process 10. Context 练习6答案：challenging enhance approach virtual structurefundamental Conventional infrastructures topic phenomenon练习7答案：1 .context 2,definition 3.variable4.initialsignificant 6.specific 7.correspond 8.source练习8答案：1. response 2. factors 3. assume 4. similar 5. incomeissues 7. method 8. consistent 9. environment 10. Principle练习9答案：dimension research contrast methods targetsimilar prior requires tasks elements练习1()答案：1 .formula 2.process 3.predicted 4.instance 5.hence6.require7.abstract 8,assume 9.present lO.since练习11答案：1. major 2. evidence 3. significant 4. concept 5. assessment6. involved 7. identified 8. theory 9. create 10. Research 练习12答案：focus distribution qualitative Construction indicating technique terminating appropriate established context 练习13答案：1. focus 2. occur 3. impact 4. period 5. conduct6. indicate 7. aspects 8. source 9. achieve 10. Role练习14答案:deviation incoming communication modified compensationcontract constraints uniformsuccessive achieved练习15答案:1 .context 2.approach 3.analysis4.research 5.investigate6. present 7.precedence 8.logical9.manage lO.indicate练习16答案:normal 2. relevant plex 4. account 5. items6. design 7. survey 8.final 9. positive 10. conduct练习17答案:theory challenge solutionfunction adaptingstrategies highlights createautomatically contributions第33单元练习11 .methods 2.strategies 3.indicate 4.present 5.evidence6.variables 7.contributions 8.implementations 9.access 10.demonstrate练习2scheme 2.results 3. performance 4. privacy 5. model6. information7. propose 8. system 9. security 10. analysis练习31. implementation2. traditional 3. computer 4. design 5. r