专四完型填空及答案.doc

专四完型填空及答案

2000年
一．The difference between a liquid and a gas is obvious (26) the conditions of temperature and pressure commonly found at the surface of the Earth. A liquid can be kept in an open container and (27) it to the level of a free surface. A gas forms no free surface but (28) to diffuse throughout the space available; it must (29) be kept in a closed container, as (30) a planet's atmosphere. The distinction was a prominent feature of early theories (31) the phases of matter. In the nineteenth century, for example, one theory maintained that a liquid could be "dissolved" in a vapor without losing its identity, and another theory held that the two phases are( 32 )different kinds o f molecules(分子). The theories now prevailing (33) a quit e different approach by emphasizing what liquids and gases have in common. They are both forms of matter that have no permanent structure and they both flow ea silly. They are fluids.  
　　The( 34 )similarly of liquids and gases becomes clearly apparent when the temperature and pressure are raised somewhat.(35) A closed container partially filled with a liquid is heated. The liquid expands or (36) becomes less dense; some of it evaporates. (37), the vapor above the liquid surface becomes dense r as the evaporated molecules are added to it. The combination of temperature and d pressure (38) the densities become equal is (39) the critical point. Above the critical point the liquid and the gas can no longer be( 40 ); there is  a single, undifferentiated fluid phase of uniform density.
　　26.  A. in     B. on C. under    D. beyond 
　　27.  A. fills    B. be filled   C. filling   D. to fill 
　　28.  A. intends B. tends  C. inclines   D. contends 
　　29.  A. however B. nevertheless  C. so   D. therefore 
　　30． A. in the event of        B. in the case of C. with a view to    D. with reference to  31.  A. having described     B. described C. describing    D. to have described 
　　32.  A. made up of      B. consisted of C. constituted of      D. made from 
　　33.  A. apply    B. adapt C. take    D. conduct 
　　34.  A. elementary    B. crucial  C. rudimentary   D. fundamental 
　　35.  A. Suppose        B. To suppose  C. Being supposed   D. Supposed 
　　36.  A. in a word     B. in the meantime C. in other words     D. in that case 
　　37.  A. Similarly   B. In contrast  C. Furthermore D. Instead 
　　38.  A. on that   B. on which  C. at that    D. at which 
　　39.  A. known  B. defined  C. called     D. referred to 
　40.   A. classified  B. recognized  C. categorized   D. Distinguished
短文大意：这篇文章介绍了气体与液体的特性及相关理论。
　　26．答案：B
　　【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
　　【详细解答】under与condition搭配，表示“在……条件或状况下”；on与 condition搭配，表示“在……条件下”；in与condition构成习惯短语，表示“身体状况良好”，而be out of condition”则表示“身体状况不好”。 这里是说“在地球表面通常的温度和压强条件下……”，故选项B为正确答案。
　　27．答案：A
　　【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对句子结构的理解。
　　【详细解答】由于所填词前有and这一并列连词，这里缺少一个谓语与前面的“can be”并列。谓语动词fill意思是“使……充满”，具有使动意义，其后直接跟宾语，故选项A是正确答案。
　　28．答案：B
　　【试题分析】本题为动词词义辨析题。
　　【详细解答】 intend意为“打算，意图”，主语通常是人；tend意为“有……倾向”，后接不定式，主语可以是人也可以是物；incline意为“使(某人)倾向于，使(某人)有意思(做某事)”，常用于被动语态be inclined to；contend意为“争夺；争辩”。这里是说“但（气体）往往会扩散到任何可能的空间”，故选项B为正确答案。29．答案：D
　　【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查连词的用法。
　　【详细解答】however表转折意为“然而”；nevertheless也表转折，意为“然而”；so表结果，但常放于句首; therefore表结果，意为“因此，所以”。这里是说气体容易扩散，所以必须保存在密闭的容器里。因此此处需要一个表结果关系的连词，故选项D为正确答案。
　　30．答案：B
　　【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
　　【详细解答】in the event of表示“如果发生……，万一……”；in the case of表示“在……的情况下，就……而言”; with a view of或者with a view to，意思是“以……为目的；为……起见”；with reference to意思是“关于”。根据上下文，这里是说“必须将气体存放在一个密封的容器里，如同一颗行星的大气一样。” 故选项B为正确答案。
　　31．答案：C
　　【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对非谓语动词的掌握。
　　【详细解答】本句中的describe的逻辑主语为theories，故应用现在分词。同时，describe这一动作只说明一种事实，并不与其他动词作时间上的先后比较，不必用完成式。故选项C为正确答案。
　　32．答案：A
　　【试题分析】本题为短语词义与用法辨析题。
　　【详细解答】consist of一般用主动式; be made from一般指某种产品由某种材料制成(但从外表上看不出原材料); be made up of表示“由……组成”。根据上下文理解，此处要求填一“由……组成”的短语，故选项C为正确答案。
　　33．答案：C
　　【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
　　【详细解答】apply意为“应用”；adapt意为“使适应”；conduct意为“指导；处理”，均不能与approach搭配。take approach为固定搭配，意思是“采用……方法”，符合句意。
　　34．答案：D
　　【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。
　　【详细解答】 elementary意为“初步的，基本的”，指事物处于基础的或开始的阶段；crucial意为“极紧要的，决定性的”；rudimentary意为“基本的，初步的”；fundamental意为“基础的，十分重要的”。文中说“液体与气体之间的根本相似性在温度和压强有所提高时变得十分明显。”故选项D最合题意。
　　35．答案：A
　　【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查动词的特殊用法。
　　【详细解答】suppose后常接一个省略了that的宾语从句，表示“假定，假设……”，用来展开说明。
　　36．答案：C
　　【试题分析】本题考查关联词的用法。
　　【详细解答】in a word表示对上文的总结；in the mean time表示“同时”；in that case表示“在那种情况下”；in other words意为“换句话说”。上文的“expands”和后文“becomes less dense”的意思一致，后一句是为了解释说明前一句，故用in other words。
　　37．答案：B
　　【试题分析】本题考查语篇分析能力。
　　【详细解答】 similarly意为“同样的”；furthermore意为“而且”，表示更进一步的关系；instead意为“相反，反而”，表对比关系，一般针对相同人、事情或行为。上文说当加热的时候，液体蒸发变得稀薄，而下文说气体因为蒸汽分子的加入而变得稠密，因此两句之间存在明显对比关系，只有in contrast最合题意。
　　38．答案：D
　　【试题分析】本题考查关系词的用法。
　　【详细解答】本句子意为“使液体和气体密度相同的那个状态下的温度和压力被称作临界点。”句中的“temperature and pressure”是先行词，需要一个关系词引导一个定语从句修饰先行词。特定数值的temperature和pressure与at搭配意为“在某个温度和压力下”。由于that引导定语从句时前面不能有介词，所以正确答案是D。
　　39．答案：C
　　【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。
　　【详细解答】known的常用结构是be known to be或be known as；defined 常用结构是be defined as；refer to意为“提到，说起”，不用于被动语态；只有called后可直接接主语补语。
　　40．答案：D
　　【试题分析】本题为动词词义及用法辨析题。
　　【详细解答】classify指对某种对象进行“分类”；category指将某类事物“归类”；recognise表示“识别”；distinguish表示“区分”。根据句意，“在临界点之上时，气体和液体就很难再区分开来”，选项D为正确答案。

2001
The translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages, full facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother tongue or language of habitual ( 26 )and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization.
This is, as it were, his professional equipment.( 27 )this, it is desirable that he should have an inquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to grasp quickly the basic principles of new developments. He should be willing to work ( 28 )is own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to consult others ( 29 )his own knowledge not always prove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and accurately and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a nodding ( 30 )with printing techniques and proof-reading. If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firm, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to ( 31 )rapidly from one source language to another, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently ( 32 )of him in such work. Bearing in mind the nature of the translator’s worksite. The processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, ( 33 )that he should be able to speak the language he is dealing with. If he does speak them, it is an advantage (34) a hindrance, but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can (35) with. It is, (36), desirable that he should have an approximate idea about the pronunciation of his source languages even if this is restricted to ( 37 )how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same ( 38 )to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does not ( 39 ). There are many other skills and ( 40 )that are desirable in a translator.
26. A. application B. use　C. utility D. usage  27. A. More than B Except fo C.Because of D.In addition to 28. A. of B. by　C. for D. on  29. A. should B. when　C. because D. if  30. A. familiariy B. acquaintance　C. knowledge D. skill  31. A. change B. transform　C. turn D. switch  32. A. lacked B. required　C. faced D. confronted  33. A. essential　B. unnecessary　C. advantageous D. useless  34. A. over B. despite　C. rather than D. instead  35. A. deal B. concern　C. work D. do away  36. A. however B. accordingly　C. consequently D. thus  37. A. knowing B. having known C. know D. have known  38. A. refers B. comes C. applies D. amounts  39. A. matter B. mind C. harm D. work  40. A. characteristics B. qualities C. distinctions D. features

短文大意：这篇文章讨论的是翻译所需的技能和素质。
26. 答案：B
【试题分析】本题为近义名词词义辨析题。
【详细解答】这四个选项都有“应用，运用”的意思。application指“（理论知识的）应用”；use表示“（工具等的）使用”；utility指“实用”，有效地使用某物使其发挥效用；usage侧重于“具体的用法”。此处是指语言的运用，故应该选use。
27. 答案：D
【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查关联词的用法。
【详细解答】more than常用于比较级，意为“比…更加…”；except for意为“除…外”的意思；because of意为“由于，因为”；in addition to意为“加上；除…外，还有”。这里是说翻译人员除了应具备前面所说的基本知识外，还应有好学的品质，故选项D为正确答案。
28. 答案：D
【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】on one’s own指依靠某人自己的力量做某件事，“独自，独立”。of one’sown指某人自己拥有的东西；介词by和for都不与own搭配。根据句意，选项D为正确答案。
29. 答案：A
【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对虚拟语气的掌握。
【详细解答】本句是一个表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气句。表示条件的从句中没有if，应用部分倒装。故选项A为正确答案。
30. 答案：B
【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】a nodding acquaintance意为“点头之交”；familiarity with意为“通晓；精通”；acquaintance with指“(从经验所得的)知识；了解”；knowledge指“知识”，skill指“技能；熟练”，都与of连用。
31. 答案：D
【试题分析】本题为近义动词词义辨析题。
【详细解答】这四个选项都有“转变，变更”的意思。change意为“改变，变化”，常用于change from…to…（由……转变成……）；transform意为“使转化”；turn意为“转变”，常与介词from, into搭配；switch意为“转换”，指完全或突然的转变。本句是指从一种语言转换到另一种语言，应用动词switch。
32. 答案：B
【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】lack 常用于短语“lack of”；require常用于“require sth. of sb.”；face常用于“be faced with”；confront常用于“be confronted with”。故选项B为正确答案。
33．答案：B
【试题分析】本题考查对上下文的理解。
【详细解答】上文中的“the nature of the translator’s work”就是“the processing ofthe written word”，而下文“this skill”指的是“be able to speak the languages he is dealing with”，故此处应选unnecessary，即他不必会讲他所处理的语言。
34．答案：C
【试题分析】本题考查连接词的用法。
【详细解答】此处需要一个连词将“an advantage”和“a hindrance”连接起来。根据上下文，此处是肯定advantage否定hindrance，所以应选rather than表示“而不是”。
35．答案：D
【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】concern常与about搭配，意为“关心”，而不与with搭配；deal with意为“处理”；work with意为“工作”，都不符合句意。do away with意为“除掉，取消”。这里指“没有掌握说这些语言的技巧”，故选项B为正确答案。
36．答案：A.
【试题分析】本题考查连词的用法。
【详细解答】上文说的是“unnecessary”，而下文说的是“desirable”，所以此处应该填一个表示转折关系的连词。四个选项中，只有however是表转折的连词，其他选项都是表示结果关系的连词，故选项A为正确答案。
37．答案：A
【试题分析】本题为语法题，考查对非谓语动词的掌握。
【详细解答】be restricted to中to是介词，后面要求跟一个名词，故选项A为正确答案。
38．答案：C
【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】refer to意为“提到，说起”；come to意为“谈到，关于”；apply to 意为“应用，适用”；amount to意为“相当于，总共达”。这里是说用源语言写作的能力也是如此，故应选apply to。
39．答案：A
【试题分析】本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。
【详细解答】it does not matter意思是“不要紧，没关系”。这里是说如果译者没有这种能力，也不要紧。
40．答案：B
【试题分析】本题为形容词词义辨析题。
【详细解答】characteristic意为“特征；特色”，比较注重外在的；quality指意为“特质；品质；素质”，比较注重内在的；distinction意为“区别；分别”；feature意为“特征，特色”，侧重具体的某个特征。这里指内在品质，与skills并列，故应选quality。

2002年
People thinking about the origin of language for the first time usually arrive at the conclusion that it developed gradually as a system of grunts, hisses and cries and ( 26 ) a very simple affair in the beginning.( 27 ), when we observe the language behaviour of ( 28 )we regard as primitive cultures,we find it ( 29 )complicated. It was believed that an Eskimo must have the tip of his tongue a vocabulary of more than 10,000 words ( 30 ) to get along reasonably well, much larger than the active vocabulary of an average businessman who speaks English.( 31 ), these Eskimo words are far more highly infleeted(词尾变化的) than ( 32 ) of any of the well -known European languages,for a( 33 )noun can be spoken or written in ( 34 ) hundred different forms, each ( 35 )a precise meaning different from that of any other.
The forms of the verbs are even more( 36 ). The Eskimo language is, therefore,one of the most difficult in the world to learn,( 37 ) the result that almost no traders or explorers have( 38 )tried to learn it. Consequently , there has grown up, in communication between Eskimos and whites, a jargon ( 39 )to the pidgin English used in Old China, with a vocabulary of from 300 to 600 uninflected words. Most of them are derived from Eskimo but some are derived from English, Danish,Spanish, Hawaiian and other languages. It is this jargon that is usually( 40 ) by travellers as “the Eskimo language”.
26. A. must be   B. must have been C. ought to be    D. should be 
27. A. However   B. Therefore C. Probably   D. Undoubtedly 
28. A. whose    B. that C.which   D.what 
29. A. conspicuously    B. usually C. surprisingly D. sufficiently 
30. A. so as    B. so that C. as such    D. as well as 
31. A. However    B. Moreover C. Though    D. Therefore 
32. A. the others   B. all others C. these    D. those 
33. A. single   B. singular C. plural   D. compound 
34. A. some   B. several C. various   D. varied 
35. A. getting    B. causing C. having   D. owning 
36. A. endless    B. multiple C. uncountable    D. numerous 
37. A. with   B. for C. owing to    D.as 
38. A. still    B. indeed C. just    D. even 
39. A. alike    B. similar  C. related        D. relevant 
40. A. referred to    B. talked about C. spoken     D. told
答案：
26~30：BADCA 31~35：BDABC 36~40：DADBA
2003年
During McDonald’s early years French fries were made from scratch every day.　Russet Burbank potatoes were (26), cut into shoestrings, and fried in its　kitchens. (27)the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to　cut labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and (28) that its fries　tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald’s began (29) to frozen French　fries in 1966—and few customers noticed the difference. (30), the change　had a profound effect on the nation’s agriculture and diet. A familiar food had　been transformed into a highly processed industrial (31). McDonald’s fries　now come from huge manufacturing plants (32) can process two million pounds　of potatoes a day. The expansion (33) McDonald’s and the popularity of its　low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.
The　taste of McDonald’s French fries played a crucial role in the chain’s　success—fries are much more profitable than hamburgers—and was (34) praised　by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their (35) taste does not　stem from the kind of potatoes that McDonald’s (36), the technology that　processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use　Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the (37) large processing　companies, and have similar (38) in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of　a French fry is (39)determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald’s　cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93　per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique (40).
26.　A.scaled B.stripped C.peeled D.sliced 
27. A.As B.Due to C.Owing to D.With　
28. A.ensue B.ensure C.enrich D.enable 
29. A.switching　B.divertingC.modifying D.altering 
30. A.Still B.AnywayC.Besides　D.Nevertheless 
31. A.brand B.stuff C.commodity D.produce 
32. A.this　B.that C./ D.what 
33. A.into B.from C.in D.of 
34. A.long　B.only C.first D.lonely 
35. A.distinctive B.distinctC.distinguished　D.distinguishable 
36. A.possesses B.buys C.acquires D.grows 
37.　A.exact B.identical C.same D.alike 
38. A.woks B.pots C.boiler