2022版高考英语二轮复习专项技能保分练二十语法填空.doc

专项技能保分练(二十)　语法填空
Test 1
[2022·郑州质量预测]Chinese researchers have __1__ (successful) grown and harvested rice in the deserts of Dubai after developing a strain (品种) Which __2__ (allow) the crop to grow in salt water.
A team of scientists, __3__ (lead) by China's “Father of Hybrid Rice〞， Yuan Longping, have already started growing the crop in dilute (稀释的) seawater at home and are now bringing the technique to the Middle East.
The big harvest of rice last year in the suburbs of Dubai far exceeded scientists' expectations, according to a report by Xinhua News Agency. The high output — 7,500 kilograms per hectare compared with the __4__ (globe) average of 3,000 kilograms per hectare — has encouraged scientists to expand the project. They __5__ (plan) to set up a 100­hectare experimental farm in Dubai later last year. They will put it into regular use this year and then start expanding after 2022.
The Dubai project is cooperation between China's Sea Rice Research and Development Center with the Private Office of Sheikh Saeed Bin Ahmed Al Maktoum. The two parties have signed an __6__ (agree) to promote seawater rice across the area to reduce the risk of food shortages in the future.
While scientists in some countries __7__ water shortages are a serious concern have been developing desalination (脱盐) techniques to change seawater for use in agriculture, China has been working __8__ (develop) strains of salt­tolerant rice for the past four decades.
Although __9__ is not yet clear how the Dubai project will be able to secure enough fresh water to dilute seawater __10__ large­scale rice planting, Chinese scientists have already started growing it closer to home on a commercial scale.
体裁：说明文　题材：农业科技　主题：用海水种植水稻
【语篇解读】　中国的研究人员在迪拜已成功种植并收获了一种用海水种植的水稻。
1．答案与解析：successfully　考查副词。修饰动词用副词，根据空后的“grown and harvested〞可知，此处应用副词successfully。
2．答案与解析：allows　考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处表达一般的情况，故应用一般现在时；空前的“which〞引导的是定语从句，which在从句中作主语，指代先行词a strain，为第三人称单数，故填allows。
3．答案与解析：led　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词lead和其逻辑主语A team of scientists之间为动宾关系，故此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语。
4．答案与解析：global　考查形容词。根据空前的“the〞和空后的“average〞可知，此处应用形容词global作名词average的定语。
5．答案与解析：planned　考查动词的时态。根据本句中的“later last year〞可知，此处应用一般过去时，表示发生在过去的动作。
6．答案与解析：agreement　考查词形转换。根据语境以及空前的“an〞可知，此处应用agree的名词形式agreement。
7．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词countries，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以此处应用where来引导该从句。
8．答案与解析：to develop　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，过去四十年，中国一直致力于开发抗盐的水稻，此处表示目的，故填to develop。
9．答案与解析：it　考查代词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式主语，how引导的从句作真正的主语。
10．答案与解析：for　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示稀释海水是为了大规模种植水稻，故用介词for“为了〞。
Test 2
[2022·武昌区调研]Whether they are playing on our TV screens or printed in newspapers, advertisements are everywhere.
They __1__ (appear) since the 18th and 19th century when advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images __2__ (produce) in newspapers and magazines. Advertising often serves as an indicator for __3__ society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.
In spite of being designed to sell __4__ advertise something, some ads can even have a __5__ (tend) to become part of a society's dialect. For example, in the UK, if someone describes themselves __6__ a “Marmite Person〞， this means that you may either love them or hate them, __7__ (base) on the British food Marmite's slogan, “Love it or hate it.〞
The average person living in a city sees thousands of ads every single day. It seems that ads are a __8__ (big) part of everyday life than we think they are. Instead of finding them __9__ (trouble), however, at least we can be assured that future generations will have an interesting way to see how we lived — no matter how __10__ (great) today's world may change to them.
体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：广告
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。广告在我们生活中无处不在，本文主要讲述了广告的历史及其特点。
1．答案与解析：have appeared　考查动词的时态。根据句中的“since the 18th and 19th century〞可知，此处since是介词，与完成时连用；结合语境可知，此处应用现在完成时。
2．答案与解析：to be produced　考查非谓语动词和语态。allow sb./sth. to do sth.“允许某人/某物做某事〞为固定用法；又因动词produce和其主语detailed images为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填to be produced。
3．答案与解析：what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作介词for的宾语，表示“……的事物〞，故用what。
4．答案与解析：or　考查连词。根据语境可知，此处前后两局部是选择关系，故用连词or。
5．答案与解析：tendency　考查名词。根据空前的冠词“a〞可知，此处应该用tend的名词形式。
6．答案与解析：as　考查介词。describe... as...，“把……描述成……〞为固定用法。
7．答案与解析：based　考查非谓语动词。be based on“以……为根底〞为固定用法，故用动词的过去分词形式。
8．答案与解析：bigger　考查形容词比拟级。根据该句中的“than〞可知，此处应用形容词的比拟级。
9．答案与解析：troublesome　考查形容词。find sb./sth.＋adj.“发现某人/某物(处于某状态)〞为固定用法，故用trouble的形容词形式作宾语补足语。
10．答案与解析：greatly　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用greatly“极大地〞修饰动词change。
Test 3
[2022·湖北八校联考]The EXPO 2022 is set to showcase the __1__ (late) trends and achievements in floriculture (花卉栽培), as well as fruit and vegetable food farming at __2__ foot of the Great Wall in Yanqing District.
An estimated 16 million plant visitors are expected to flock into the capital for the 162­day event set __3__ (run) from April 29 to October 7. Up to now, more than 110 countries and international organizations, as well as over 120 nonofficial exhibitors, __4__ (confirm) participation. This is set to be the highest attendance in the event's history.
There will be more than 2,500 cultural activities throughout the expo __5__ are expected to promote exchanges and cooperation. The event is genuinely innovatory, __6__ (vary) from the horticultural sector (园艺部门) to many other sectors, like vegetables, fruits and Chinese herbal medicine (中草药). Meanwhile, there will be many high­tech gadgets which will provide a better range __7__ services， like 5G technology.
According to the organizing committee, the site construction for the expo has entered the final stage. Interior and exterior __8__ (decorate), electromechanical installation, and outdoor projects are being finished at the core venues.
All infrastructure for 100 indoor and outdoor gardens at the exhibition will be finished __9__ (complete) at the end of March.
This is the second time for China to hold such a high­level horticulture expo. The first such event __10__ (hold) in Kunming, Yunnan province in l999.
体裁：说明文　题材：新闻报道　主题：2022年北京世园会
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了2022年北京世园会，包括其举办时间、举办地点以及参展情况等。
1．答案与解析：latest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空前的“the〞和空后的名词“trends〞“achievements〞可知，此处表示“最新的趋势和成就〞，表示最高级，故填latest。
2．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。此处考查固定短语at the foot of...意为“在……下〞。
3．答案与解析：to run　考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，这里用动词不定式表示将来。
4．答案与解析：have confirmed　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据前面的时间状语Up to now可知应用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have confirmed。
5．答案与解析：which/that　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the expo，从句中缺少主语，故用which或者that。
6．答案与解析：varying　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句主语The event和动词vary构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用varying。
7．答案与解析：of　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“提供一系列更好的效劳〞，a range of“一系列〞为固定用法。
8．答案与解析：decoration　考查词形转换。根据语境可知，此处表示“室内外装饰〞，应用名词，且decoration作“装饰〞讲时为不可数名词，故填decoration。
9．答案与解析：completely　考查副词。修饰前面的动词finished应用副词completely。
10．答案与解析：was held　考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的时间状语in 1999可知，应用一般过去时；主语The first such event和hold之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
Test 4
[2022·甘肃省第一次诊断]A few years ago, with her colleagues, Dr. Jennifer Doudna, a famous professor at UC Berkeley, __1__ (invent) a new technology for editing genomes (基因组), which is called CRISPR­Cas9. It allows scientists __2__ (make) changes to the DNA in cells and cure the genetic diseases.
The new technology has already been used to change the DNA in the cells of __3__ (mouse), monkeys and other organisms. However, the experiment about the world's first genetically­edited babies raises various ethical (伦理的) issues, because this technology can __4__ (employ) not only in adult cells, but also in the embryos (胚胎) of organisms __5__ (include) our own species. This is the reason __6__ Jennifer and her colleagues have called for a global pause in any clinical application on the CRISPR technology in human embryos to give us time to really consider all of the various results of doing so. Actually, in __7__ 1970s scientists got together to decide to put off the use of molecular (分子的) cloning until the __8__ (safe) of that technology could be tested carefully and proved.
Genome­engineered animals __9__ plants are happening right now.And this puts in front of all of us a huge responsibility to consider carefully both the unintended consequences as well as the intended impacts of a __10__ (science) breakthrough.
体裁：说明文　题材：科普知识　主题：基因组编辑技术
　　【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了基因组编辑技术在生物工程领域的应用，以及基因编辑婴儿工程背后的伦理问题。
1．答案与解析：invented　考查动词的时态。句意为：几年前，加州大学伯克利分校的著名教授珍妮弗·杜德娜和她的同事们创造了一项基因组编辑的新技术，这种技术被称为CRISPR­Cas9。此句中的A few years ago是表示过去的时间状语，因此此处应用一般过去时。故填invented。
2．答案与解析：to make　考查非谓语动词。句意为：它可以使科学家们改变细胞中的DNA，并且治疗基因疾病。allow sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事〞。故填to make。
3．答案与解析：mice　考查名词单复数。句意为：这项新技术已被用来改变老鼠、猴子以及其他生物细胞中的DNA。此句中的monkeys和other organisms都是可数名词的复数形式，此处与其并列，形式应保持一致，也应用复数形式。故填mice。
4．答案与解析：be employed　考查动词的语态。句意为：……因为这种技术不仅能应用于成人细胞中，而且可以应用于包括我们人类在内的有机体的胚胎中。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语，且technology和employ之间为被动关系，所以应用被动语态；设空处前有情态动词can，故填be employed。
5．答案与解析：including　考查介词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意及语境可知，此处表示“包括〞之意，应用介词。故填including。
6．答案与解析：why　考查定语从句。句意为：这就是珍妮弗和她的同事们呼吁全世界暂停将CRISPR技术用于人类胚胎有关的所有临床应用的原因，这给了我们时间去认真考虑这项技术应用可能带来的各种后果。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，先行词是reason，从句中缺少原因状语，应选择关系副词。故填why。
7．答案与解析：the　考查冠词。句意为：事实上，在20世纪70年代，科学家们就一起决定要推迟分子克隆技术的使用，直到这项技术的平安性得以谨慎测试和证明。年代前面要用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
8．答案与解析：safety　考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处前有定冠词the，后有介词of，应用名词。故填safety。
9．答案与解析：and　考查连词。句意为：基因工程的动植物此刻已经出现。animals和plants是两个并列关系的名词，要用并列连词连接。故填and。
10．答案与解析：scientific　考查词性转换。句意为：这就使我们要担负起巨大的责任，认真考虑科学突破可能带来的意外后果以及预期影响。设空处在句中修饰名词breakthrough，应用形容词。故填scientific。
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