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专题三 名词性从句
————————————◄ 对 点 训 练 ►———————————
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(高考真题改编)
1. (2023年全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence ________ they range all the way across the Arctic，and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
解析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
答案：that
2. (2023年北京卷) What students do at college seems to matter much more than ________ they go.
解析：在介词than后用where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作状语。此处表示“学生在大学里做什么事似乎远比在哪里上大学更加重要〞。
答案：where
3. (2023年江苏卷)By boat is the only way to get here, which is ________ we arrived.
解析：句意：坐船是到达这里的唯一方式，我们就是坐船到达这里的。which引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，其中空处引导的是表语从句，结合语境和By boat可知，此处意为“到达这儿的方式〞，所以要用how引导。
答案：how
4. (2023年天津卷)The gold medal will be awarded to ________ wins the first place in the bicycle race.
解析：句意：这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人。“________ wins the first place in the bicycle race〞为宾语从句，该从句缺少主语，且空处意为“任何人〞，故填whoever，相当于anyone who。
答案：whoever
5. (2023年北京卷)This is ________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
解析：句意：这就是父亲教给我的——永远直面困难并寄予最大的希望。根据句意可知，表语从句中taught me后缺少直接宾语——“教会了我什么〞，因此用what引导。
答案：what
6. (2023年北京卷)Without his support, we wouldn't be ________ we are now.
解析：句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了。根据句意可知，空处意为“情形，情况，形势〞，应用where引导。
答案：where
7. (2023年北京卷)Every year, ________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
解析：句意：每年，无论谁做出最漂亮的风筝都将会在风筝节获奖。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语成分，且表示“无论谁〞，故填whoever。
答案：whoever
8. (2023年天津卷)She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
解析：句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我成认我还没有归还。空处引导宾语从句，根据句意可知，该宾语从句要用whether/if引导。
答案：whether/if
9. (2023年北京卷)Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing ________ she was heading.
解析：句意：简漫无目的地走在绿树成荫的街道上，不知道她将去往何方。空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
答案：where
10. (2023年江苏卷)We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge.
解析：“half of ________ it used to charge〞是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故填what。
答案：what
11. (2023年江苏卷)It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.
解析：句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人，一切皆有可能。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语，故填that。
答案：that
12. (2023年北京卷)Your support is important to our work. ________ you can do helps.
解析：句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。无论你能做什么，都会对我们有帮助。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导主语从句，且在从句中作do的宾语，whatever意为“无论什么〞，符合语境。
答案：Whatever
13. (2023年北京卷)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.
解析：句意：雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，此处是表语从句，且从句中不缺任何成分，故用that引导。
答案：that
14. (2023年天津卷)The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.
解析：句意：经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故填that。
答案：that
15. (2023年全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects，the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ________ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
解析：分析句子结构可知，这是一个宾语从句。根据形容词thick及结构可知，这里的意思是“印第安人要算出土坯墙确实切厚度〞。空后为形容词，因此空处应用副词，故填how。
答案：how
16. (2023年重庆卷)We must find out ________ Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.
解析：句意：我们必须弄明白卡尔会在什么时候来到，这样我们就可以为他订房间了。根据句意可知，为卡尔订房间需要知道的是到达时间。
答案：when
17. (2023年四川卷)The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.
解析：句意：这次展览告诉我们，我们为什么应该做一些事情来防止空气污染。分析句子结构可知，tell后面的宾语从句不缺主语、宾语；根据句意可知，此处表示“我们应该为防止空气污染做一些事的原因〞，故填why。
答案：why
18. (2023年安徽卷)A ship in harbor is safe, but that's not ________ ships are built for.
解析：句意：船停泊在港湾里会很平安，但人们把它造出来可不是为了这个目的。分析句子成分可知，“ships are built for〞是表语从句，从句中缺少for的宾语。因此填what引导表语从句并在其中作for的宾语。
答案：what
19. (2023年北京卷)________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
解析：句意：我们理解事物的方式与我们的感受有很大关系。根据句意可知，此处应填How引导主语从句。
答案：How
20. (2023年浙江卷)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.
解析：句意：如果你去河里或湖里游泳，一定要调查清楚水面下有什么。经常有岩石或树枝隐藏在水下。所填词在此处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语，故填what。
答案：what
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. (2023年全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：根据句意可知，宾语从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导该宾语从句。
答案：that→where
2. (2023年全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time，he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：found 后是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导，that也可省略。
答案：where→that或去掉where
3．If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：notice后是宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整， 应用that引导， when多余，故去掉when。
答案：去掉when
4．“He has ruined his health. We are worried about him.〞 That is which other teachers say.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：is 后是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语，故用连接词what引导。
答案：which→what
5．I went to the woman and asked her that was happening.
_________________________________________________________________
解析：分析句子结构可知，此处是宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，故把that改为what。
答案：that→what
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