化工专业英语.pptx

-1-Homework 1P366.The earth contains a large number of metals which are useful to man.土壤里含有大量的对人类有用的金属。土壤里含有大量的对人类有用的金属。7.A catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but does not enter into the reaction itself.催催化化剂剂是是加加速速化化学学反反应应但但其其本本身身不不参参加加化化学学反反应的物质。应的物质。-2-Homework 2P37 20.Researchers hope to develop an economical means of converting organic sludge to hydrocarbon chains of various sizes,mostly of the kind that make up asphalt that is used for paving road.研研究究人人员员希希望望开开发发一一种种经经济济的的将将有有机机污污泥泥转转化化大大小小不不同同的的长长链链烃烃类类的的方方法法,（这这些些长长链链烃烃类类中中)大大部部分分可可转转化化为为用用于于铺铺路的沥青。路的沥青。23.They find their way into certain parts of the body where they collect.它们能够到达身体的某些部位，并且在那里聚集它们能够到达身体的某些部位，并且在那里聚集。-3-Homework 224.A floating object displaces an amount of water whose weight equals that of the object.漂浮的物体排出和它等质量的水。漂浮的物体排出和它等质量的水。25.According to these new definitions an acid is any hydrogen containing species in which the bond holding the hydrogen can be broken so that the hydrogen ion can be lost.根根据据这这些些新新的的定定义义，酸酸可可以以是是任任意意的的含含易易断断裂裂键键合合氢从而失去氢离子的含氢物质。氢从而失去氢离子的含氢物质。-4-Homework 3P431.The two pairs of electrons of oxygen may be shared with one carbon alone forming a double bond(C=O),or with two separate carbons(C-O-C),or with one carbon and one hydrogen forming only single bond(C-O-H).氧氧的的2对对电电子子可可以以和和一一个个碳碳形形成成双双键键(C=O)，或或与与两两个个不不相相邻邻的的碳碳（形形成成单单键键）(C-O-C)，或或与与一一个个碳碳和和一一个氢形成单键个氢形成单键(C-O-H)。-5-Homework 4In summary,the following four steps are required in order to completely identify any organic compound isolated for the first time from a natural source or produced for the first time in the laboratory:总总之之,需需要要经经过过以以下下四四个个步步骤骤才才能能完完整整地地鉴鉴定定任任何何首首次次从从自自然然资源中分离出来或首次在实验室中合成的有机化合物资源中分离出来或首次在实验室中合成的有机化合物 :(1)Isolation of the compound from the mixture of organic or inorganic compounds among which it may be found,followed by application of appropriate criteria of purity.(1)(1)将将这这种种物物质质从从发发现现它它的的有有机机或或无无机机混混合合物物中中分分离离出出来来,接接着着用适当的纯度标准用适当的纯度标准(来确定其纯度来确定其纯度).).-6-Homework 4(2)Establishment of its empirical and molecular formulas by use of appropriate methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis,and molecular weight determination.(2)通通过过使使用用适适当当的的定定性性和和定定量量分分析析方方法法,以以及及测测定定分分子子量量,确确定定它的经验式和分子式它的经验式和分子式.(3)Proposal of a structural formula as the result of appropriate chemical and physical examination of the compound.(3)对对该该物物质质进进行行适适当当的的化化学学和和物物理理检检测测,根根据据所所得得的的结结果果提提出出一个结构式一个结构式.(4)Synthesis of the compound by an unambiguous method as confirmation of the proposed structural formula.(4)用一个明确的方法合成该物质用一个明确的方法合成该物质,从而验证所提出的结构式从而验证所提出的结构式.-7-单词复习atom原子原子molecule分子分子atomic weight原子量原子量molecular formula分子式分子式electron电子电子ion离子离子element元素元素material物质，材料物质，材料compound化合物化合物inorganic无机的无机的organic有机的有机的acid酸；酸性的酸；酸性的basic碱性的碱性的alkaline碱性的碱性的positive阳的，带阳的，带电正的电正的electronegativity电负性电负性periodic table周期表周期表magnesium镁镁ammonium铵铵chlorine氯氯halogen卤素卤素carbon dioxide二氧化碳二氧化碳-8-单词复习potassium hydroxide氢氧化钾氢氧化钾sodium chloride氯化钠氯化钠hydrolysis水解作用水解作用 sulphuric acid硫酸硫酸radiation辐射辐射volatile易挥发的易挥发的hybridize杂化杂化cathode阴极阴极anode阳极阳极catalyst催化剂催化剂ionization energy电离能电离能 methyl aldehyde甲醛甲醛acetylene乙炔乙炔alcohol乙醇乙醇propene丙烯丙烯acetone丙酮丙酮butane丁烷丁烷benzene苯苯aromatic芳香族的芳香族的aliphatic脂肪组的脂肪组的 double bond双键双键-9-单词复习substituent group取代基取代基 homologous series同系物同系物hydroxyl group羟基羟基 carbonyl group 羰基羰基 carboxylic group 羧基羧基derivative衍生物衍生物ethyl formate甲酸乙酯甲酸乙酯methyl acetate乙酸甲酯乙酸甲酯acid halide酰氯酰氯acid amide酰胺酰胺 synthesis合成合成polymer聚合物聚合物 polyester聚酯聚酯solvent溶剂溶剂 equilibrium constant平衡常数平衡常数 equilibrium moisture content 平衡含水量平衡含水量 surfactant表面活性剂表面活性剂 amphiphilic两亲的，两性的两亲的，两性的distillation蒸馏蒸馏intermediate中间体中间体 -10-Hydrogen 氢，氢气氢，氢气Oxygen氧，氧气氧，氧气Nitrogen氮，氮气氮，氮气Solute溶质溶质Solvent溶剂溶剂Solution溶液溶液Heat transfer传热传热Drying干燥干燥单词复习