(英语)英语阅读理解模拟试题.pdf

（英语）英语阅读理解模拟试题（英语）英语阅读理解模拟试题一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Notre-Dame,the cathedral(大教堂)that serves as one of Pariss most beloved monuments,ison fire.According to The New York Times,the fire began around 6:30 p.m.local time,whentourists urgently rushed out of the building.While Andre Finot,a spokesman for the cathedral,told The Times,that the cause of the fire is still unknown and that no one has been hurt whiledamage to the building appears catastrophic（灾难性的）.CNN reports that over 400 firefighters have been sent to fight the fire,but that they may beunable to save the cathedral.Built in the 12thcentury,Notre-Dame houses several relicsimportant to Catholics(天主教徒).NBC News reports that relics from Saint Genevieve and SaintDenis may been lost,together with a relic believed to be from Jesus Christs crown of thorns,butit states that authorities now believe that the cathedral has been saved from“total destruction”.Notre-Dame is visited by a reported 30,000 people a day and 13 million people per year.Itsdestruction represents a global cultural loss.This is just horrible,Mohamed Megdoul,33,a filmproducer and witness to the fire told The Times,speaking through tears.A thousand years ofhistory is being wiped away.This belonged to the whole world,and now its disappearing.French President Emmanuel Macron expressed his sadness on Twitter.Notre-Dame of Paris inflames,reads an English translation of his statement.Emotion for a whole nation.Thoughts forall Catholics and for all the French.Like all our countrymen,Im sad together to see this part of usburn.Other politicians,including Melanis Trump,London Mayor Sadiq Khan,U.K.PrimeMinister Theresa May also shared their sadness on Twitter.（1）What do we know about Notre-Dame according to the passage?A.It has been completely destroyed by the fire.B.Its a huge political loss to the world.C.Its only meaningful to Catholics.D.The reason of the fire remained to be found out.（2）What does the underlined sentence in the third paragraph imply?A.The history of France is destroyed because of the fire.B.The loss the fire caused is huge.C.The damage of Notre-Dame is being wiped off.D.The cathedral has been saved from total destruction.（3）Whats the purpose of writing the passage?A.To report a disaster of Notre-Dame.B.To express peoples sadness of the destruction.C.To emphasize the value of Notre-Dame.D.To show the concerns from the worldwide.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关信息。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“While Andre Finot,a spokesman for the cathedral,toldThe Times,that the cause of the fire is still unknown and that no one has been hurt whiledamage to the building appears catastrophic（灾难性的）”这起火灾的原因还不得而知,对建筑的破坏是灾难性的，并没有说建筑被完全破坏了。故选D。（2）考查句义猜测。根据第三段中的“Its destruction represents a global cultural loss Athousand years of history is being wiped away.”可知,它的毁灭代表了全球文化的损失。Mohamed Megdoul 说道：这很糟糕，一千年的历史就这样被破坏殆尽。wipe away“擦掉，破坏殆尽”。由此判断出这就话显示了火灾造成的损失是巨大的。故选B。（3）考查写作意图。纵观全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关信息。因此本文的目的在于报导巴黎圣母院遭遇的巨大灾难。故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen,the number of our brain cells begins todecrease at a speed of several million a year.They simply die off.In certain types of activity,thehuman brain is at its highest point in the early twenties,when it has collected enoughinformation to be able to use the vast number of cells freely in the most effective way.Puremathematics is one of the fields in which this happens,and we know that Albert Einstein madeall his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20 and 25,and spent the rest of hislife tidying them up and arranging them.But in certain other types of activity(of which being an author is perhaps one),experience ismore important than sharpness of brain,and there one usually finds that a person reaches his orher peak much later in life.Besides sharpness of brain and experience,here is another thing that is very important,andthat is wisdom.One can have a very quick,inventive brain and plenty of experience,but if oneuses these foolishly,one harms both oneself and others.Wisdom does not always come with agethere are plenty of foolish middle-aged people aboutbut the average person tends tolearn wisdom as he gets older,usually by making painful of embarrassing mistakes.Leaning to bewise is basically learning what is not possible;and what is possible but so difficult that it is notworth all the trouble one has to go through to get there.Mostly,it is learning about humannature;how real people behave and react,as against how one would like them to behave andreact.One can read and hear lot of idealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place,which would be found if it was based on an accurate observation of human nature,but which isbasically a waste of time because it is not.（1）According to the writer,the great discoveries made by Albert Einstein were mainly a resultin_.A.years of hard workB.sharpness of the brainC.rich experienceD.his deep understanding of the nature（2）Some people achieve success much later in life because .A.their work often requires much experienceB.they do not have a chance to show their talentsC.they have to learn lessons from failuresD.they fail to realize earlier the importance of hard work（3）The importance of wisdom lies in the fact that .A.it helps to avoid various mistakesB.it contributes to ones creativityC.it encourages one to go forward in face of difficultyD.it provides the right direction of efforts（4）The writer came to believe that .A.it is always a waste of time to make plans about the futureB.it is human nature to make attempts on what looks impossibleC.one should always challenge the impossible to push the society forwardD.one has to use wisdom in deciding what is the best thing to do【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了人类的大脑在20 岁左右于巅峰，在以后的成就多数是因为需要丰富的经验。除了头脑敏锐和经验丰富外，智慧也非常重要，因为智慧为人们提供了正确的努力方向。人们要用智慧来决定做什么才是最好的。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段“It has been discovered that after the age of sixteen,thenumber of our brain cells begins to decrease at a speed of several million a year.They simply dieoff.In certain types of activity,the human brain is at its highest point in the early twenties,.andwe know that Albert Einstein made all his world-shaking discoveries between the age of about 20and 25,and spent the rest of his life tidying them up and arranging them.”人们发现，16 岁以后，我们的脑细胞数量开始以每年几百万的速度减少。在某些类型的活动中，人类的大脑在 20 岁早期处于巅峰状态,.我们知道阿尔伯特爱因斯坦在 20 到 25 岁之间做出了所有震惊世界的发现。用余生来整理和安排这些发现。根据对爱因斯坦所的发现可知，他的伟大的发现是在 20-25 岁之间，更是印证了人类大脑在 20 年代初达到了巅峰，可推断出，本段主要研究人类大脑巅峰期，故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段“But in certain other types of activity(of which being anauthor is perhaps one),experience is more important than sharpness of brain,and there oneusually finds that a person reaches his or her peak much later in life.”但在某些其他类型的活动中(作家可能是其中一种)，经验比头脑的敏捷更重要，人们通常会发现一个人在他一生的晚期才达到顶峰。可推断出有些人在晚年取得成功是因为他们的工作中往往需要很多经验。故选 A。（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Besides sharpness of brain and experience,here isanother thing that is very important,and that is wisdom.Leaning to be wise is basically learningwhat is not possible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble onehas to go through to get there.Mostly,it is learning about human nature；how real peoplebehave and react,as against how one would like them to behave and react.”除了敏锐的头脑和丰富的经验外，还有一件事是非常重要的，那就是智慧。学习成为智者，要基本的了解什么是不可能的；学习有可能但又很困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是了解人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。由此可推断出智慧的重要性在于智慧能让人知道什么可做，什么不能做，即为人提供正确的努力方向。故选D。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Leaning to be wise is basically learning what is notpossible；and what is possible but so difficult that it is not worth all the trouble one has to gothrough to get there.Mostly,it is learning about human nature；how real people behave andreact,as against how one would like them to behave and react.One can read and hear lot ofidealistic stuff about how to make the world a better place,which would be found if it was basedon an accurate observation of human nature,”成为智者，要大体上知道什么是不可能的。学习有可能但又如此困难的东西，以至于不值得一个人为了达到目的而付出所有的努力。最重要的是学习人性，了解真实的人是如何行为和反应的，以及人们希望他们如何行为和反应的。人们可以读到和听到很多关于如何使世界变得更美好的理想主义的东西.由此可推断出聪明的人必须运用智慧来决定最好要做什么事。故选D。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Norman Garmezy,a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota,met thousandsof children in his four decades of research.A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him.Hehas an alcoholic mother and an absent father.But each day he would walk in to school with asmile on his face.He wanted to make sure that no one would feel pity for him and no one wouldknow his mothers incompetence.”The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as“resilience”.Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists.People who are lucky enough to neverexperience any sort of adversity(逆境)wont know how resilient they are.Its only when theyrefaced with obstacles,stress,and other environmental threats that resilience,or the lack of it,comes out.Some give in and some conquer.Garmezys work opened the door to the study of the elements that could enable an individualssuccess despite the challenges they faced.His research indicated that some elements had to dowith luck,but quite large set of elements was psychological,and had to do with how the childrenresponded to the environment.The resilient children had what psychologists call an“internallens of control(内控点)”.They believed that they,and not their circumstances,affected theirachievements.The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia Universitys TeachersCollege.He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity.Thisdifference might come from perception(认知)whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤),or as an opportunity to learn and grow.“Stressful”or“traumatic”events themselves dont havemuch predictive power when it comes to life outcomes.Exposure to potentially traumatic eventsdoes not predict later functioning,”Bonanno said.Its only predictive if theres a negativeresponse.”In other words,living through adversity doesnt guarantee that youll suffer goingforward.The good news is that positive perception can be taught.We can make ourselves more or lesseasily hurt by how we think about things,Bonanno said.In research at Columbia,theneuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in differentways-to reframe it in positive terms when the initial response is negative,or in a less emotionalway when the initial response is emotionally“hot”-changes how they experience and react tothe adversity.（1）According to the passage,resilience is an individuals ability_.A.to think critically B.to decide ones own fateC.to live a better life D.to recover from adversity（2）What does the underlined word“they”in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The psychologistsB.The resilient childrenC.Positive elementsD.Internal locus of control（3）According to Paragraph 4,we can learn that_.A.your positive perception may turn adversity aroundB.stressful events are morepredictive than delightful eventsC.experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on sufferingD.a negative responsedoesnt guarantee you will suffer all the time（4）What is the authors purpose of writing this passage?A.To teach people how to be resilientB.To encourage people to live through adversityC.To indicate peoples perception varies from each otherD.To compare different researchfindings about resilience【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sortof adversity(逆境)wont know how resilient they are.Its only when theyre faced with obstacles,stress,and other environmental threats that resilience,or the lack of it,comes out.Some give inand some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。故答案选D。（2）词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an“internal lens of control(内控点)”.They believed that they,and not their circumstances,affectedtheir achievements.The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥有所谓的“内控点”。他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由此可知，they 指的就是 the resilient children。故答案选 B。（3）推理判断题。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others atdealing with adversity.This difference might come from perception(认知)whether they think ofan event as traumatic(创伤),or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。故答案选A。（4）写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以 Garmezy 的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调，积极的认知是可以学习的。故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。故答案选A。【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品一种服务（to sell a productor a service），或是要通过对旅游景点报刊杂志影片电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众等（to attract more visitors/readers/audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。4阅读理解Watching wooden dolls come to life may not be one of the most popular forms ofentertainment today,but with over twenty years experience,talented puppeteer(木偶表演者)Peter Roberts has earned himself the title“master puppeteer”because of his great ability to turnpuppets into believable,almost living characters.“People are quite often surprised to hear what Ido for living and have little appreciation of puppy as a form of entertainment.But while the exactorigins of puppet theatre are unknown,it has been popular in many cultures and may have beenthe very first kind of theatre,”he explains.Roberts shows are highly original.“A puppet show can involve anything from clow ning(傻逗)to storytelling,”he says,Equally diverse are the audiences he performs for.“Some are attractedby the puppets themselves,while others enjoy the dialogue.”Roberts believes that this form ofentertainment can be appreciated by people of all ages and cultures.Roberts interest in puppets started when he received some beautiful glove puppets oneChristmas.He started putting on shows with these for family and friends and then moved on tohandmade Chinese string puppets.Learning mostly from books and personal experience,heexplains,“I was already spending most of my free time carving puppets and putting on shows,soI hardly noticed the change from students to full-time professional puppeteer.”The puppets are designed specifically for each show,which is extremely time consuming.According to Roberts,“Sometimes what you expect and what you actually create in the end aretwo very different things.Ive made some of my best puppets accidentally.”When most people hear the word“puppetry”,they more than likely think of a way of keepingchildren entertai