(英语)高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析.pdf

（英语）高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析（英语）高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析一、高中英语阅读理解一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解Durian(榴莲)is probably the smelliest fruit in the world,letting out an unusual unpleasantsmell which would make anyone bring up.However,nobody was aware of what gave this fruit itsunique smell,so a team of researchers from Singapore decided to take a look at its genome(基因组)and find out,Durian is well-known throughout Southeast Asia as the king of fruits,mostly because of itsawful appearance and smell.However,the origin of this unpleasant smell was unknown,soresearchers decided to map the genome of the fruit,and find the gene that controlled it.A groupof genes,volatile sulfur compounds(含硫化合物),became very active in the fruit,and they werefound responsible for resulting in the unpleasant smell.The fruit confuses everyone with a sulfuric smell,like rotten onions and ingredients.The smelllasts long,mostly because the fruit contains more volatile sulfur compounds.Other speciesusually benefit from two gene copies at most,but durian has four,leading to the striking smell.However,this smell might be an advantage for durian in the wild.Although we find itunpleasant,many animals might be attracted by it.If they eat the fruit,then they can easilyspread its seeds everywhere,thus contributing to the distribution of the species.The mapping of the durian genome also showed some other information on the species.Firstof all,the fruit has an impressive number of genes,namely 46,000.Also,with the help of thesegenes,they saw how it evolved,and discovered it wasrelated to the cacao tree.All the otherdiscoveries have been published in the journalNature Genetics.Despite the striking smell,many people actually enjoy eating the fruit.However,not all durianspecies are edible,and some of them may even cause damage to our health,Even so,the fruit isoften imported,significantly contributing to the economy.（1）What give durian its unique smell?A.Onions nearby.B.Two gene copies.C.Rotten ingredients in it.D.Volatile sulfur compounds.（2）What does the underlined word“evolved”in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Developed.B.Escaped.C.Predicted.D.Tolerated.（3）What can we infer from the text?A.No birds enjoy eating durian.B.Durian can be planted all over the world.C.Some of durian species can not be eaten.D.Durian has no relationship with the cacaotree.（4）Whats the best title for the text?A.Whats Durian?B.The Influence of the SmellC.The Distribution of Durian D.The Mystery of the Unpleasant Smell of Durian【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“so researchers decided to map the genome of the fruit,and find the gene that controlled it.A group of genes,volatile sulfur compounds(含硫化合物),became very active in the fruit,and they were found responsible for resulting in the unpleasantsmell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。故选D。(2)考查词义猜测。根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有 46000 条基因。在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。A 项 develop“使进化”，与划线词 evolved 是同义词。故选 A。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“not all durian species are edible,and some of them mayeven cause dam6.age to our health,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。由此可推断出选C。(4)考查主旨大意。文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 In 2015,a man named Nigel Richards memorized 386,000 words in the entire French ScrabbleDictionary in just nine weeks.However,he does not speak French.Richards impressive feat is auseful example to show how artificial intelligence works real AI.Both of Richard and AI take inmassive amounts of data to achieve goals with unlimited memory and superman accuracy in acertain field.The potential applications for AI are extremely exciting.Because AI can outperform humans atroutine tasksprovided the task is in one field with a lot of datait is technically capable ofreplacing hundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.But not every job will be replaced by AI.In fact four types of jobs are not at risk at all.First,there are creative jobs.AI needs to be given a goal to optimize.It cannot invent,like scientists,novelists and artists can.Second,the complex,strategic jobsexecutives,diplomats,economists go well beyond the AI limitation of single-field and Big Data.Then there are the as-yet-unknown jobs that will be created by AI.Are you worried that these three types of jobs wont employ as many people as AI will replace?Not to worry,as the fourth type is much larger:jobs where emotions are needed,such asteachers,nannies and doctors.These jobs require compassion,trust and sympathywhich AIdoes not have.And even if AI tried to fake it,nobody would want a robot telling them they havecancer,or a robot to babysit their children.So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.The key then must be retraining the workforce sopeople can do them.This must be the responsibility not just of the government,which canprovide funds,but also of corporations and those who benefit most.（1）What is the main purpose of paragraph 1?A.To introduce the topic.B.To mention Nigels feat.C.To stress the importance of good memory.D.To suggest humans go beyond AI in memory.（2）Which of the following best explains outperform underlined in paragraph 2?A.Be superior to B.Be inferior to C.Be similar to D.Be related to（3）Which of the following jobs is the most likely to be replaced?A.The writer.B.The shop assistant.C.The babysitter.D.The psychologist.（4）Which of the following suggestions can the author give about job replacement of AI?A.Limit the application of AI to a certain degree.B.Get more support from the government.C.Apply for the donation from companies.D.Upgrade peoples professional skills all the time.【答案】（1）A（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔 理查兹（Nigel Richards）的人在短短九周内记住了法国拼字游戏词典中的 386,000 个单词。但是,他不会说法语。其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。故选A。（2）考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“Because AI can outperform humans at routine tasksprovided the task is in one field with a lot of data”可知 AI 可以在日常任务中 outperform 人类（前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中；以及“it is technically capable of replacinghundreds of millions of white and blue collar jobs in the next 15 years or so.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约 15 年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为 AI 在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是胜过,超过,故选 A。（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“First,there are creative jobs.AI needs to be given agoal to optimize.It cannot invent,like scientists,novelists and artists can.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。首先,有创造性的工作。人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。排除A；再根据第四段中的“as the fourth typeis much larger:jobs where emotions are needed,such as teachers,nannies and doctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除 C 和 D。故选 B。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“So there will still be jobs in the age of AI.The keythen must be retraining the workforce so people can do them.”可知作者认为在 AI 时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选 D。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解Samanta Schweblin,one of the best young Spanish language novelists nominated(提名)byBritish literary magazine Granta,has visited Beijing to promote the first Chinese edition of acollection of her short stories.The collection,Birds in the Mouth,has been translated andpublished by Shanghai-based publisher Reader.“Sometimes I hold the Chinese edition and choose a story at random and try to guess whichone it is.But it is almost impossible for me;even the length is different.”says Schweblin.“When abook is translated into a Western language,I can at least understand some parts of my stories,and therefore suffer some doubt about the quality of the translation.But my Chinese edition ismore like an act of faith.”Born in Argentina in 1978,Schweblin says she is influenced by the literary traditions of the LaPlata area,home to many famous Latin-American novelists.Interested in writing stories of ordinary lives where suddenly something extraordinary happens,something new,strange or unknown,she thinks,“The stranger and the unknown are not alwaysrelated to ghosts or aliens,but can be something related to the known world,something thatactually could happen.”Birds in the Mouth tells of a divorced father who worries about his 13-year-old daughter andher mysterious appetites.It turns out that his daughter eats live birds.The idea for this story came to Schweblin when she was browsing the Internet,“Click,click,click,a picture of a little girl who looks frightened with her hands covering her mouth came to myeyes.Little by little,I developed the story in my mind,and then wrote it down”recalls Schweblin.Although there are elements of violence and bloodiness in Schweblins stories,she skillfullyhides them,thinking the trick to writing a thrilling story is to stop the monster from appearing,while maintaining a frightening and mysterious atmosphere.（1）Samanta Schweblin came to China to .A.pay a visit to Beijing B.translate her stories into ChineseC.help to make her book more popularD.publish her collection（2）When mentioning her Chinese edition,Schweblin thinks .A.she suffers some doubt about the quality of the translationB.her Chinese edition isslightly different from the original oneC.she can understand some parts of her Chinese editionD.she has a strong belief in herChinese edition（3）From the passage we can tell,the author,.A.has an appetite for writing something extraordinaryB.got the idea of her story Birds inthe Mouth by designC.tried to quit describing violent and bloody scenes in her storyD.thinks her writing style ismainly affected by some famous native novelists（4）We can probably read the passage in .A.a textbook B.a newspaper C.a report D.a science fiction【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文为应用文。主要对英国文学杂志格兰达提名的最年轻的西班牙小说家之一 Samanta Schweblin及其作品进行了简单的介绍。（1）细节理解题。根据第一段1.Samanta Schweblin,has visited Beijing to promote the firstChinese edition of a collection of her short stories.来北京是促销她的第一个中文版的短篇小说。由此可知，Samanta 来中国就是为了让她的书受欢迎。故答案选C。（2）细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“But my Chinese edition is more like an act offaith”faith 与 belief 是同义词。由此可知，提及她的中文版的书时，她对自己的中文版本很有信心。故答案选 D。（3）推理判断题。文中第四段提到作者写的故事中关于平凡生活中突然发生了一些不寻常的事情，一些新的、奇怪的或未知的事情，她认为这与人们已知世界有关的，有可能发生的。第五段与第六段中的女孩吃鸟的故事，第七段中说作者的故事有暴力与血腥的元素，她的故事有一种惊悚与神秘。可知作者喜欢写一些不同寻常的东西，分析选项可知A 项（渴望写出一些不同寻常的东西）符合题意，故答案选A。（4）推理判断题。Samanta Schweblin 是英国文学杂志格兰达提名的最年轻的西班牙小说家之一，本文中对她及其作品进行了简单的介绍。因此可推断出本文有可能在报纸上看到。故答案选 B。【点评】推理题的解题方法1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。2.整合全文（段）信息进行推断。3.利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断。4.根据文章的结论推断作者的态度。5.根据上下文的逻辑得出结论。6.结合已有的知识进行推断。4阅读理解 Everest 121min Adventure/Biography/DramaStoryline:A group of climbers start their final climb to the summit of Mount Everest，thehighest point on Earth.With little warning，a violent storm strikes the mountain，swallowingthe adventurers.Director:Baltasar Kormakur Stars:Jason Clarke,Ang Phula Sherpa,Thomas M.Wright Add to watchlist War Room 120min DramaStoryline:Tony and Elizabeth Jordan,seemingly have it all-great jobs,a beautiful daughter,their dream home.In reality,their marriage has been a war zone.With guidance from Miss Clara,an older,wiser woman,Elizabeth discovers she can start fighting for her family instead of againstthem.Director:Alex Kendrick Stars:Priscilla C.Shirer,T.C.Stalligs,Karen Abercrombie Add to watchlist Straight Outta Compton 147min Biography/Drama/Music Storyline:In 1987,five young men,using honest rhymes,put their frustration and anger aboutlife into the most powerful weapon they had:their music.Straight Outta Compton tells the truestory of how these cultural rebels（叛逆者）stood up to the authorities that meant to keepthem down and formed the worlds most dangerous group N.W.A.Director:F.Gary Gray Stars:OShea Jackson Jr.,Corey Hawkins,Jason Mitchell Add to watchlist A Walk In The Woods 104min Adventure/Biography/ComedyStoryline:After spending two decades in England,Bill Bryson returns to the US,where hedecides the best way to connect with his homeland is to hike the Appalachian Trail.He travelswith Katz,one of his oldest friends.The trouble is that the two have a completely differentdefinition of the word,“adventure”.The real fun begins.Director:Ken Kwapis Stars:Robort Redford,Nick Nolte,Emma Thompson Add to watchlist（1）If you prefer family-themed movies,which one should see?A.Everest B.War Room C.Straight Outta Compton D.A Walk In The Woods（2）What is N.W.A according to the passage?A.A movie club B.A music group C.An adventure team D.A charity organization（3）Why does Bill Bryson hike the Appalachain Trail?A.To accompany his friend KatzB.To exercise and keep himself fitC.To strengthen his bond with the USD.To have an adventure in the woods【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，推荐了四部电影。（1）考查推理判断。根据War Room 部分中的“120min Drama Storyline:Tony and ElizabethJordan,seemingly have it all-great jobs,a beautiful daughter,their dream home.In reality,theirmarriage has been a war zone.”可知，如果你更喜欢以家庭为主题的电影，你应该看 WarRoom，故选 B。（2）考查推理判断。根据Straight Outta Compton 部分中的“147min Biography/Drama/MusicStoryline:In 1987,five young men,using honest rhymes,put their frustration and anger about lifeinto the most powerful weapon they had:their music.-formed the worlds most dangerousgroup N.W.A.”可知，N.W.A.是一个音乐团队。故选 B。（3）考查推理判断。根据 A Walk In The Woods 部分中的“Storyline:After spending twodecades in England,Bill Bryson returns to the US,where he decides the best way to connect withhis homeland is to hike the Appalachian Trail.”可知，Bill Bryson 会徒步穿越 the AppalachainTrail是为了加强他与美国的关系。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解 Taking on the task of producing a short movie might seem like an impossible feat,but if youcan assemble a good team and if you break down each stage of production into small blocks oftasks,youll come to realize that producing a small-scale movie isnt too bad.Just follow thesesteps and youll be on your way to Kevin Smith-like fame in no time.Assemble a production crew.If you run out of friends or people you can get to work for screencredit,offer people“points”,which is a percentage of the movie profits.Get a director of photography.You need someone who knows a lot about films cameras tomake the movie come out right.Local film schools are the best place to find them.Assemble the props and costumes.Costume shops and local theater groups can definitely helpyou here.But you can also borrow from friends and family or check out thrift stores for bargains.Choose filming locations.Make sure you have permission from the owners of the property youchoose to film on.Get the film processed.Find the right processor with the help of your director of photography.You may need to send the film to Los Angeles for this.Edit the film.You need to find someone who can transfer your film to video and arrange thecompleted scenes in the right order.You can likely find one in the same place as your director ofphotography,Obviously,this is just a basic overviewthe