冠词语法讲解.doc

冠词语法讲解
冠词就是置于名词前,帮助说明名词所指得人或事物就是泛指还就是特指得一种虚词。冠词不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词分为不定冠词与定冠词。the 就是定冠词,a 与an就是不定冠词。
定冠词
定冠词the 用以特指人或事物,表示名词所指得人或事物就是同类中得特定得一个,以区别于同类中其她得人或事物,相当于“那个”或“这个”意思。它可以与单数可数名词、复数可数名词或不可数名词连用。
1、基本用法:
The通常有明确得所指,可以用在上文提到过得人或事物,例如:I have a bird 、The bird is white、
还可以用在谈话双方都知道得人或者事物前面,可以与单词可数名词,复数可数名词或不可数名词放在一起使用。例如:What do you think of the movie？Where are the keys ? The milk is on the table、
2、拓展用法
用法
实例
1)用在单词可数名词前面,表示某一类人或事物,这与不定冠词得用法相似
The steel workers make steel、
The horse is a useful animal、
2)用在世界上独一无二得事物或方位等名词前面
Which is bigger,the earth or the moon?
I live to the west of the Summer Palace、
3)用在乐器前面
He can play the piano、
4)表示两者中“较……得一个”
He is the taller of the two boys、
5)用在序数词、形容词最高级及only所修饰得名词前面
January is the first month of the year、
Winter is the coldest season of the year、
He is the only person who won’t e、
6)用在江河湖海、山川群岛得名称前面
The West Lake ;the Pacific Ocean; the Alps
7)用在由普通名词与另外一些词构成得专有名词前面
the Beijing Railway Station
the People’s Republic of China
the United states
8)表示“一家人”或“夫妇二人”
The Browns are kind to us、
9)用在形容词或分词前表示一类人或事物
the rich , the poor ,the old ,the young, the disabled, the wounded
10)用在固定结构“动词＋sb、 ＋介词 the ＋某一部位”
My teacher often pats me on the shoulder and encourages me to work hard、
The policeman caught the thief by the arm、
必备词组
(1)与时间相关得短语
all the time 一直
in the day 在白天
in the past在过去
the next day 第二天
at the same time同时
in the morning在上午
the day before yesterday前天
in the 1990’s /1990s在20世纪90年代
(2)与地点相关得短语
at the foot of在……得脚下
in the front of在……得前边
on the way to 在去…… 得路上
in/on/to the east of在…… 得东部
on the right / left在右边/左边
in the sky 在空中
in the world在世界上
in/on the street在街道上
at the back of在……得后边
in the middle of在…… 得中间
(3)其她固定短语
make the bed铺床
on the whole总之
all the time完全一样
by the way顺便问一下
with the help of在……得帮助下
go to the cinema去瞧电影
不定冠词
不定冠词有a与an两种形式,用于单数名词前,表示微弱得“一”得概念,用来泛指事物,但并不强调数目。a用于辅音音素开头得词前,an用于元音音素开头得词前。
用法
实例
1)用来表示数量“一”,意思与one差不多,但数量概念比one弱
There is a table and four chairs in the room、
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow、
2)用于可数名词得单数形式前,指人或事物得某一类
A child needs love、(指孩子这一类人)
A horse is much smaller than an elephant、(指马这一类动物与大象这一类动物)
3)泛指某人或某物,但不具体说明就是何人或何物
A boy is waiting for you at the school gate、
I am reading an interesting story、
4)用在表示“单位”,如时间、速度、价格等意义得名词前,表示“每一”
I love junk food too, and I eat it two or three times a week、
He drove his car along the highway eight kilometers an hour、
5)用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”
You will have to do it a second time、
I have three books, I want to buy a fourth one、
6)用在一些专有名词前表示泛指得“一个”
A Mr White rang you this morning、
She is a Chinese now working as an engineer in America、
7)用来表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍。在这种用法中,几乎没有“一”得概念,只就是强调一种身份、职业、地位,a /an常不翻译。
I want to be an engineer、
The duty of a doctor is to try to save people’s lives、
8)用于表示动作意义得名词前。具有动作意义得名词与动词have,take,make,give等构成短语,表示一种短暂性动作时,此名词前得不定冠词一般不可缺少。
have a look have a walk have a rest
take a look take a walk take a turn
give a smile give a shout take a break
必备词组
a great deal 大量 as a result 因此
in a moment 立刻 half an hour 半小时
in a hurry 急匆匆地 a moment ago 刚才
in a word总之 once upon a time 从前
in a loud voice 大声地 with a smile 微笑着
零冠词
零冠词主要指不使用冠词得情况,不包括冠词省略得情况。
用法
实例
1)物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前不用冠词
Music is a universal language、
Beijing is the capital of China、
2)表示泛指得复数可数名词前不用冠词
Telephones are still playing an important role in people’s life、
3)月份、星期、节日、季节等名词前不用冠词
注意:当谈论具体得季节、日期与中国传统节日时常用定冠词。

I have been working for this pany since September 2010、
Valentine’s Day is a special day on which people show their love to those they love、
I don’t like the spring of Beijing、
The MidAutumn Festival, The Spring Festival and the Lantern Festival are three important traditional Chinese festivals、
4)表示三餐或球类运动得名词前
注意:如果有定语修饰表示三餐得名词或者就是特指某一顿饭,则要加冠词
Do you like playing ice hockey or rugby?
At weekends, I often help my mum cook breakfast、
Because I had a heavy breakfast ,I don’t want to eat anything now、
The breakfast I had this morning was too light、
5)表示学科、语言得名词前不用冠词
We learned arithmetic at elementary school、
Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people and English is spoken the most widely、
6)表示职位、头衔、称呼得名词前不用冠词
Doctor, I’m not feeling myself today、
George Smith was just assigned president of the pany、
7)单数名词相对应使用时不用冠词
arm in arm 臂弯着臂
day and night日日夜夜
day after day日复一日地
day by day一天天地
hand in hand手拉手地
8)不可数名词前不用冠词
Health is the number one factor that people are concerned about、
9)名词前已有指示代词、形容词性物主代词或限定词时
My pen is much more expensive than yours、
He went to some place in France、
10)by 与表示交通工具得名词连用表示一种交通方式时,名词前不用冠词
I go to school by bike every day、
Now many people want to travel by plane、
温馨提示
零冠词得使用口诀
月、季、星期、节假、洲、称呼、头衔、职务前;三餐、球类、惯用语;学科、棋类名词前
必备词组
at best充其量
at breakfast 早早餐时
at night 在晚上
at college 在上大学
at dusk 在黄昏时
at dawn在拂晓时
at first 起初
at first sight 乍一瞧
ask for advice 征求建议
ask for help 寻求帮助
ask for trouble 找麻烦
catch fire 着火
e back to life 苏醒
do good/harm to…… 对……有好处/害处
冠词真题
1、 (2015甘肃省,语法与情景会话)Danny’s grandmother is ill in / hospital、 He will to there to see her after school、
2、 (2015甘肃)Staying with families and friends is one of the happiest things in the world、
3、 (2014甘肃,词汇)He has already tried a third time and I am sure he will make it、
4、 (2014甘肃,语法与情景会话)What’s the matter with you? I have a toothache、
5、 (2013甘肃,语法与会话)This is the book I told you about yesterday、
6(2012甘肃,语法与会话)Middle school students don’t need to go to / school on weekends、 They can go to a park for fun with their parents or friends、
7、 (2016兰州市,单词填空)Cheer up！You will get an A in the listening test、
8.(2015兰州市,完形填空)Once there lived an unhappy king who slept badly and didn’t feel like eating anything、 This made the queen and his people worried、
9、 (2016甘南,语法与会话)There is a book in my backpack、 The book is very heavy、
10、 (2014兰州,单选)She likes playing the piano; her brother likes playing / basketball、
11、 (2014兰州,任务完形)One day, all feelings were on vacation on an island, each was having a good time、
12、 (2016甘南,单选)I study very hard so that I can get into a university、
13、 (2015甘南,单选)It’s a fine day today 、 Let’s play / soccer、
14、 (2015甘南,单选)Our Chinese teacher told us an interesting story and the story was about Thomas Edison、
15、 (2014甘南,单选)Do you know a UFO landed on Beijing yesterday、
16(2013西北师大附中,单选)What do you think of this grammar book?
17、 (2014西北师大附中,单选)Before I watched the 3D film Life of Pi, I had never seen a wonderful film like this、
18、 (2015西北附中,单选)According to the number of cars, there are not many people in the club、
I think so 、 People would rather stay at home in such / bad weather、
19、 (2015西北附中,主观卷)And Smith is the most mon last name、
20、 (2014西北附中,主观卷)But the hard part lay in my oral presentation, to read from the paper was allowed、
21、 (2016天水、语法与情景交际)My father often goes to work on / foot、
It is good for health、 But my father drives the car、
22、(2013天水、语法与情景交际)There is an “s” and a “u” in the world “use”、
23、(2014天水、语法与情景交际)Beijing, the capital of China, has a long history、
24、(2012天水、改错)The harder you study ,the more you will learn、