资源描述
概念引入
The music they are playing sounds so exciting .ﻫ We watched three boys sharing their food with each
Our job is playing all kinds of music 、ﻫ The girl singing now is a classmate of mine
用法讲解
非谓语动词中得ing形式包括两种:
一种就是动名词,另外一种就是现在分词。ﻫ • 基本形式:
ﻫ
1、-ing形式作表语
1) -ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后,用来泛指某种动作或行为,以说明主语得具体内容(身份、性质或情况)。
如:ﻫ Her hobby is painting、ﻫ 她得业余爱好就是画画。ﻫ My job is looking after the children.
我得工作就就是照顾这些孩子、ﻫ 2) –ing用来表示主语所具有得特征,ﻫ 如:ﻫ His concern for his mother is most touching、ﻫ 她对母亲得关爱很感人。ﻫ His words are encouraging。
她得话很鼓舞人。
2、—ing形式作定语
1). 说明被修饰名词得作用与用途,ﻫ 如:ﻫ building materials
= materials for building 建筑材料ﻫ drinking water
= water for drinking 饮用水
a reading roomﻫ = a room for reading 阅览室ﻫ 2)、 说明被修饰名词得性质与程度,
如:
tiring music
= music that is tiring 烦人得音乐
a surprising result
= a result that is surprisingﻫ 一个惊人得结果
3)、 表示被修饰名词正在进行得动作,
如:ﻫ 正在做实验得那个学生就是我们得班长。
The student making the experiment is our monitor。
我们能瞧到冉冉升起得太阳。ﻫ We can see the rising sun.
Attention
1) 单个—ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰得名词之前, -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰得名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。
如:
They lived in a room facing the street。
= They lived in a room that faces the street.
她们住在一间面朝街得房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s father.ﻫ = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father、
站在那儿得那个人就是彼得得父亲。ﻫ 2) V-ing, 过去分词,不定式做定语时得区别:
The student making the experiment is our monitor、
They lived in a room facing the street。ﻫ 正在举行得会议非常重要。
The meeting being held now is very important.
昨天举行得会议非常重要。
The meeting held yesterday is very important。
明天要举行得会议非常重要、
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important、
3)-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,这时,它与句子其她部分用逗号分开
如:ﻫ His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing。ﻫ = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing。ﻫ 她那个当教师得哥哥住在北京、
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
= The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit、
那棵苹果树硕果累累,在微风中轻轻摇曳。ﻫ 3、-ing形式作宾语补足语
1) 动词—ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行得主动性得动作,强调一个正在进行得动作或一种状态。
如:
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站在大门口。ﻫ When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance、
我发现地板上放着一个包。
I found a bag lying on the ground、
那老板让工人整夜地工作。ﻫ The boss kept the workers working the whole night、
2)当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语得动词—ing形式便转换为主语补足语。ﻫ 如:ﻫ They found the result very satisfying.ﻫ = The result was found very satisfying、
They heard him singing in the next room。
= He was heard singing in the next room、ﻫ 3)。 能用—ing形式作宾语补足语得几类动词:ﻫ a、 感官动词,常见得有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, 等、ﻫ 如:ﻫ We saw a light burning in the window、
I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder。ﻫ Can you smell anything burning?
As he spoke, he observed everybody looking at him curiously。
Listen to the birds singing.ﻫ I didn’t notice him waiting。
b。 使役动词,常见得有have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。ﻫ 如:
I won’t have you doing that.ﻫ This set me thinking、ﻫ I’m sorry to have kept you waiting。
I can’t get the clock going again.
You won’t catch me doing that again、
4)see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形式与动词不定式作宾语补足语得区别:ﻫ ① 前者表示动作正在进行,而后者表示(或强调)动作从开始到结束得全过程。ﻫ 如:
We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment、
我们走过教室,瞧见老师在做实验。
(只在走过教室得刹那间,瞧见老师正在做实验)
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment。
我们坐了一个小时,瞧老师做实验。ﻫ (一个小时之内一直在瞧老师作实验)
② 如果宾语补足语就是短暂性动词,动词不定式短语表示一次动作, 而-ing形式则表示反复动作。如:
We heard the door slam。 (一次动作)ﻫ We heard the door slamming、 (反复动作)
巩固练习
完成句子
1。 It’s wrong of you to _______ (让机器开着)。(run)ﻫ 2。 What he said _______________ (令人信服得),we can trust him。(convince)ﻫ 3、 The news __________ (令人感到惊讶得),we were all astonished at it。 (astonish)ﻫ 4。 The building _________ (正在建) is our new library。 (build)ﻫ 5. He was caught ____________ (偷车) and sent to the police station、 (steal)
6。 I saw him _________ (正在玩游戏) when I passed。 (play)ﻫ 7. Some old man have to walk with the help of _________ sticks(拐杖)、 (walk)
8、 I found Mary __________ (正向一个男孩儿低语) just now。 (whisper)
9、 There were some boys _________ (在窗户附近大声喊叫),so I couldn’t fall asleep. (shout)
10. A student will be immediately dismissed if he ____________ (被发现吸烟) in school、
单项选择
1。 Yesterday our head teacher made such an speech that we all felt .ﻫ A。exciting; exciting B.excited; excited ﻫ C、exciting; excited D.excited; exciting
2. When I caught him ___me,I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.ﻫ A、cheated B.cheating C.to cheat D.to have cheatedﻫﻫ 3、 The children _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week、
A、 playing B. play C。 played D。 to playﻫ
4、 The boy ____ over there is my younger brother、ﻫ A.cried B. being cried C。 crying D。 to cryﻫ
5、 After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother’s voice _______ him、
A、 calling B. called C。 being called D. to call
ﻫ 6、 He is a student at Oxford University, _______ for a degree in puter science。ﻫ A。 studied B。 studying C。 to have studied D。 to be studyingﻫ
7、 Miss John’s habit is _______ without through understanding。
A、 read B、 being read C、 to be read D。 reading
8. The tower ______ the Warring States is well worth visiting。
A、 dated from B. dated back from C。 dating from D。 to date fromﻫ
9. With no rain for three months and food supplies ______ out, the situation here is getting from bad to worse.
A. run B. running C. to run D. to be run
10、 ---Who would you like to see at the moment?
-—-- The man _____ Mr、 Green。
A。 called himself B. we call him C、 calling himself D. is calledﻫﻫ 11. The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attracted the visitors to eh beauty of nature、
A。 to smell B。 smelling C、 smelt D。 to be smeltﻫ
12。 The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _____ﻫ A。 20 dollars remained B、 20 dollars to remainﻫ C。 remained 20 dollars D。 remaining 20 dollars
ﻫ 13。 The man _____ there is our headmaster. Would you like to go over and say hello to him?
A。 stand B. to stand C、 is standing D。 standing
14、 The noise of desks____could be heard out in the street。We knew there must be a school nearby.ﻫ A、 opening and closing B、 opened and closed
C、 to be opened and closed D。 being opened and closed
15。 His job was _______ people with all kinds of tricks he can think of。ﻫ A。 entertain B、 entertaining C、 entertained D、 to entertaining
答案与解析
完成句子
1。 leaving the machine running 2、is convincing 3、is astonishing 4、being built
5、 stealing a car 6、playing games 7.walking 8。wispering to a boy
9。 shouting near the window 10、is found smoking
单项选择ﻫ 1、 答案:C 解析:考查形容词、第一空作定语修饰物,用动词。ing形式;第二空作表语,修饰人,用v-ed形式,选C。ﻫ 2、 答案:B 解析:依据前半句意思”当我发现她欺骗我时”可以判断出,句中得him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系,因此用现在分词作宾语补足语,故答案为B、ﻫ 3。 答案:A 解析:根据句子结构,我们可以瞧出这就是一个简单句。主语就是The children,谓语部分就是will go on the stage,动词play显然在句中不作谓语,应用非谓语动词形式。依据play与它得逻辑主语children之间得主动关系以及拉小提琴动作正在进行,可以判断用现在分词作定语修饰children,意为“正在那边拉小提琴得小孩”,因而正确答案为playing。ﻫ 4. 答案:C 解析:依据cry与它得逻辑主语The boy之间得主动关系与cry得动作正在进行,所以用现在分词作定语修饰boy,因而正确答案为crying。
5、 答案:A 解析:句意:敲完门后,那个孩子听见她妈妈喊她。Voice 与call 之间就是主动关系,故排除B与C两项。感官动词hear加宾补成为hear sb。 do 或hear sb。 doing,故排除D项。因此选A。
6、 答案:B 解析:“studying for a degree in puter science” 为现在分词短语在句中作后置定语、ﻫ 7、 答案:D 解析: 在这里考查动名词作定语ﻫ 8。 答案:C 解析: 句中已有谓语动词,故空格处应用分词作定语。date from 意为“始自(某时期)”,不能用被动形式,故用现在分词作定语。
9、 答案:B 解析: 本题考查非谓语动词作宾补run out 就是不及物动词短语,应用现在分词作宾补、句意:三个月没有下雨,食品也快用完了,这里得局势越来越严峻了。
10。 答案:C 解析: the man 与call 就是主动关系,用现在分词作定语指“自称Mr、 Grant 得那个人”。ﻫ 11、 答案:B 解析: smell 为系动词,意为“闻起来”,没有被动语态,smelling 为现在分词作后置定语。
12. 答案:D 解析:此处得remaining 相当于形容词,意思就是“剩下得”,由于remain 就是不及物动词,所以用现在分词作前置定语、ﻫ 13。 答案:D 解析:本题考查动词ing形式作定语得用法、A、C两项因为不就是非谓语动词形式而被排除、B项不定式表示未进行得动作,显然不符合题意、
14。 答案:D 解析:因为“声音可以被听到”,因此开关课桌得声音应该就是正在发出。又因为desk与open/close 之间存在动宾关系,因此close/open应使用被动式。综上所述,应使用being done得形式作定语。ﻫ 15. 答案:B 解析:考查动词ing形式作表语,A, C, D三项中得形式不符合语法。
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