大学英语4summary.doc

Ｕnit 1 ＡＲ1
Thiｓ ｐassage　focus oｎ ｔhｅ　problem of ｓeaｒchiｎｇ　jobs　aｆtｅr graduaｔion、 Thｅ　ｇradｕateｓ　ａlｗays ｗａnｔ to　fｉnｄ aｎ ｉｄｅal job　ｗith higher salaｒy and ｌeｓs wｏrk、 But afｔeｒ trying sｅvｅraｌ timｅs,　thｅy gｉｖe ｕp and sｔａrt　to plａｉn　aboｕt　the unfａir of　the socｉeｔy、 In　the autｈor’s opiｎｉon， pａrents ｓｈould hｅlp　theiｒ cｈiｌdren to reａlｉze hａndling setbaｃkｓ iｎsteａd of　plaining ｉｓ　more impoｒtａｎt and　sｈould　ｔry nｏt to be too ｐｕｓhｙ oｒ　too soft、 In the eｎd ｔhe aｕtｈor　concludeｓ that if thｅ graｄuatｅｓ　ｃａｎ　ｎot find aｎ　ideaｌ jｏb, theｙ can tａke a teｍpoｒary one、
Unit　１　AR2
Ｔhis ｐaｓｓagｅ is　sｔoｒy　about an eｃoｎoｍｉｃ ｇraduaｔｅ wｈo gｅｔs ａ jｏb　in a ｐub for a yｅar anｄ then has ａn opportunitｙ to bｅ sｕccesｓful、 Ｓincｅ heｒ　fａmily　can’t　suppｏrt　her to furthｅr sｔudy, ｓhｅ ｈas to find a jｏb in　a　pub、 She telｌｓ ｈeｒ troubｌes to　Tony, a reｇular ｃuｓtｏｍｅｒ oｆ the pub、　Ｔony tａlｋｓ ｔo sｏｍｅ frｉendｓ ａnd ｇets hｅr a lｏan to sｅt up a bｕsiness、 With the heｌp ｓｈe gｅt ｈｅr master’s　dｅgｒee　and esｔablisheｄ hｅr ｏwｎ paｎy、　Hｏweｖer, Ｔony　is　dｉsaｂleｄ ａfteｒ an acciｄenｔ ａnd　needs　the rｅpayｍent　of tｈｅ ｌｏaｎ to adａpt his hｏuse ｆor ｈis diｓabｉlity、 Iｎ the eｎd,　thｅ ｔheme iｓ　ｒevealed –invｅstinｇ iｎ people ｇｉves thｅ ｂest rｅｔurn
Uniｔ ２ AR１: Danger! Ｂooks　maｙ change your life
Reading　is ａ life-ｃhanｇｉｎg activiｔy、　Ｉt heｌps　us　ｅnｔeｒ a　ｎeｗ worｌd aｎd　ｌiberate uｓ frｏm ｔhe reａｌ　ｗｏrlｄ　we e from; it ａids us ｔo get ｏｕｔ oｆ ｃonfusion iｎ　a mａterial woｒｌｄ　and　to ｄｉscoｖｅr　ｔhe ｒeａｌ　meaniｎg ｏf ｌiｆe、 Simｐly put, bｏｏks are　suprｅmｅlｙ　infｌueｎtｉal ｉn tｈe waｙ we live、  　  ﻫHomｅ－ruｎ　bｏok ｍight　be the ａnsｗer for the　ｂｏｏk　ｔhat　ｅvｅryone ｓhoｕld ｒead、 These bｏoｋs aｎd ｏtｈeｒs　lｉｋe tｈem hａvｅ helpeｄ ｍe to discoveｒ the　real meaｎinｇ ｏｆ mｙ　liｆe, ａnd ｈelｐed me　ｔo ｇｅt ouｔ of ｔhe confuｓion　ａｎd meａninglessnesｓ ｏf the reａl world、
Uniｔ ２ AR2: They　were ａlive aｎd ｔhey spokｅ tｏ ｍe
Heｎry Milleｒ maｄｅ ａ loｔ ｓｔrｕggle　ｔo　obtain　books ｗhｅn he wａｓ young,　and thｅｎ　ｉntrodｕces　thｅ　reasｏｎ ｔｈaｔ maｋes ａ book　ｌive, thaｔ is the eｎthuｓiastic　rｅmeｎｄaｔiｏn oｆ oｎｅ readeｒ　to ａnother、 Ｉn his eyes, booｋs aｒe onｅ ｏｆ tｈｅ few　thｉngｓ　men　ｃheｒisｈed deepｌy, but if yoｕ lend it to　ｏtherｓ, it makｅｓ frｉeｎｄｓ ｆor yoｕ、 He　thinｋ　thｅ ｂest　way to ｒｅad　a　ｂook is　to leａve a　ｂoｏk ａlone,　but think　as　ｉntensｅly ａs　ｐｏsｓible　ａnd if ｙou dｅciｄｅ to read, ｏbseｒve with whaｔ　extraorｄinarｙ acumen yｏu rｅad ｉt and ｒealize　thａt　vｅｒｙ　lｉtｔｌe of tｈe bｏｏks is reａlly　new to you、
Uｎit 3　ＡR1: Beｅn　tｈere, dｏnｅ　thaｔ,　goｔ　ｔhｅ　T－shiｒt 
Dｉfferｅｎt　clｏtｈes　ｈａvｅ diｆferenｔ functions、 The ａuｔｈｏr’ｓ　fathｅr’s old　battｌe jａcket iｓ a ｒｅmｉnder of　a hｉstoｒical　evｅnt、　Ｏrigiｎally， the ｃｌothes arｅ puｒｅｌy funｃtional、 However, nowａdａys we　havｅ tｏ maｋe choicｅs: ｄｒessing　foｒ　foｒt or drｅssing　fｏr fａshion、 Fasｈiｏｎistas ｄreｓs ｆor　fａshｉon at the ｅｘpense　of　fｏrt、　Wｈat’ｓ worｓe, some pｅopｌｅ choose clothes to ｉmpreｓs ｏthｅrs、 Anyｗａy, ｆashｉｏn can eｘprｅss ouｒ eｍoｔｉｏns and ａｌｓo give　a sｅｎse ｏｆ　ｏｃcasions、
Aｆteｒ ａll, our cloｔhes　are iｎｄｉｃａtive ｏf oｕr ｌｉvｅs, the events,　the　ｅmotions, tｈe　ｓｅｎse ｏf noｓtａlgia for　yesｔｅrday’s iｎnoceｎce　aｎd　ｔhｅ　ｃｈａsｔeｎiｎg, humｂlｉng ｒeｍinder ｏf wｈo we arｅ today、
Ｕｎiｔ　3 ＡR2： Ｅco-ｊｅwｅllｅry: seａ glａsｓ
Seａ glaｓs ｉs populａr　amｏｎg ｔhｅ jｅwｅｌｌｅry　ｃoｌlｅctors for　severａl　reasons、　Ｆirst,　the crｅａtｉｏn ｏf sea glass is　a form of natｕral rｅcyclｉｎｇ、 Secoｎｄ,　sea glａss ｂｅes rarer tｈａn dｉamonds、 Ｔhis lｅads to　ｉts boｏｍ ｉn ｔhe ｍaｒket、　Thｉrd,　seａ ｇlａss ｉｓ envｉronmeｎtal-ｆrｉeｎdｌy， so the deｓｉgneｒs woｕld like　tｏ　puｔ ｓeａ glaｓs　to usｅ、 
Ｇｉna Cｏwen becaｍe a sea ｇlass jｅweller　ｉn her　2０ｓ and 3０ｓ、 Whiｌe ｓea　ｇｌaｓs ｉs ｄｉsａppｅaring，　ｓhe is stｉll on　ｔhe　hunt、 Her dｅsigｎｓ ｗere　ｓold　at Lｉbｅrｔy　Londoｎ， but mostly　ｓhｅ sｅlｌs　her　jewｅlleｒｙ　to pｒivate customers、
With the　ｄeｃline　of sea gｌａsｓ　in supｐly ｔｈere　has　arisｅn ｐrobｌeｍ of rｅvｉvｉnｇ old　hａbｉts ｏf dumping　glaｓs into tｈｅ seａ、 Howevｅr， thｅre　iｓ　alwａys a sｔory behiｎd sea　glaｓｓ ａｎｄ nｏtｈinｇ cａn reｐlace　ｉt、
Ｕｎit　4　ＡR1：　The cｒedｉt card tｒaｐ
A　creｄit cａrd alloｗs you　ｔo cｈarge something imｍeｄｉａteｌy aｎd ｔhen paｙ fｏr　the　biｌl at　ａ lａter ｄatｅ、 Ｏｎce a ｃｒediｔ cａｒd haｓ　bｅｅn ｉsｓueｄ， you ｃａn ｍake　ｐurchaseｓ within the cｒediｔ　limit　A cｒedｉt　ｃａrd　witｈ a　limit of $100、00　enａｂｌes　you to ｐaｙ for up tｏ　100、00 ｗｏrth ｏf iｔems、 Evｅrｙ　ｍoｎｔh,　you ｗｉll rｅceivｅ credit caｒd　statｅmeｎtｓ ｔhat lists the　charges you　hａve ｍade、 Yｏu　ｈavｅ to pay　your bill in full　by thｅ　dｕe ｄａｔe、 Ｏｔｈerwise, yoｕ havｅ　to pay intｅreｓt　or a　fｉnance ｃｈarｇe　ｗｈich cａn ｂe fairly ｈｉgｈ、
Uniｔ 4　ＡR2: Ｌook aftｅr ｙｏｕrｓelf
This pasｓａge tｅｌl us that a girｌ　leａｒns hoｗ to mａｋe fiｎancial　ｍanａｇeｍent fｒｏm　her faｔheｒ、　Ｗhｅn hｅr eｌｅventh ｂirｔhday　was ing， she ｗａｎｔｅd　aｎ ｕnｕsuａl birthｄａｙ pｒesenｔ—a ｐuｐpy、　However, heｒ ｅaｓｙ-going　faｔher　lｏoked　sｅｒｉouｓ and shｏwｅd her the expenｄｉture thｅy shｏuld　pay、　Ｓhe was surprisｅd ｔo lｅarn　hｏw many bｉlls therｅ ｗｅrｅ fｏｒ things　she　ｔook for graｎted、Ｔhｅy sｈould　alsｏ keｅp　ｓｏmｅ saｖinｇs　“fｏｒ a　rainy daｙ”、
Ｓhe ｗorkｅｄ ｏｕt hoｗ　muｃh ｉt　ｗｏuｌd　cｏｓt ｔo feed a pｕppy、　Tｈｅｎ　she decideｄ to find somｅ jobs to earn sｏｍe　mｏney、 She　mｉght havｅ satisfｉｅｄ ｅveｒyone ｉn ｔhｅ familｙ, thｕs ｓhｅ got the ｃuｔest pｕppy on heｒ bｉrthday、 Fｒｏｍ ｔhis ｅxpｅｒience, sｈe　uｎderstood how tｏ　take　ｆｉｎanciａｌ responｓibiｌitｙ　for hｅｒself and heｒ faｍiｌy、
Uｎit ５ AR1:　Seｘ　difｆerences in Eｎglish ｇossｉp ruｌes
Researcherｓ　have　fｏund　tｈaｔ men gossiｐ ａs muｃh ａｓ ｗoｍen　anｄ meｎ　sｐeｎd much mｏre tiｍe　tａｌkinｇ　about tｈｅmsｅlveｓ、 Hｏwevｅr， mｅｎ don’t ａdｍit　tｈey gossip,　ｔhey dｅfine　it as “ｅxｃhａnｇｉｎｇ informatiｏn”、
Tｈe　reasｏｎ wｈy feｍaｌｅ gｏssip　actｕａllｙ　soundｓ lｉke　ｇｏssｉｐ is　that therｅ seem to　bｅ thｒee　princｉpａl fａcｔors inｖoｌved、 Ｆirstlｙ, ｔｈe　ｔｏｎe rule、 Woｍｅｎ ａdｏpt　a　tｏne whiｃh　is hｉgh　and ｑuｉｃk， while ｍen gossip ｉn uｎemoｔional　mａｎner、　Secｏndly, ｔhe　ｄeｔａil rｕｌe、 Fｏｒ women, a detａｉlｅｄ ｓｐecｕｌation　ａbout ｐｏssｉble moｔives ａｎd cａuseｓ， outｅs　aｒe ｃｒuｃial、 Ｈｏwｅveｒ， men find all　ｔhis detａil bｏｒing, irrｅｌevant and uｎmａｎｌy、　Thiｒdlｙ,　ｔhｅ ｆeｅｄｂaｃｋ ruｌe、　Female listｅnｅｒs　are reｑuired to ｂe　at least ａs enthusiastic aｓ sｐｅａkerｓ、　Howｅｖer, men　ｗho respoｎd iｎ such a　manｎer ｗｏulｄ ｂe consiｄered girly、 Fｏr them,　ａ suitａblｅ expletive is beｔｔeｒ to conｖey theｉr sｕrｐrisｅ、
Uniｔ ５　AR2: Maｒked:　womｅn in the wｏrkｐlａｃe
Woｍen coｎｓtａntly　have ｔo ｍakｅ choices abｏuｔ dｒess and appeａｒａｎce, ｗｈich lead　peoplｅ ｔo　maｋe　judgmｅnｔs　about ｔhem、 Ａ woman　ｗithout a　pａrticｕｌａｒ　haiｒｓｔｙle　is　considered cａｒeless abｏｕt　how she lｏoks and　can be diｓｑｕalified for many　ｐosｉtions、 Tight oｒ rｅvｅalｉnｇ　ｃlotheｓ sｅｎd a messaｇe tｈａt the weａreｒ ｗaｎts to　bｅ attｒａｃtiｖe ａnd　ｔｈat she is　stｉll available、　Ligｈｔ mａke-up calｌs　atteｎtioｎ　to ｔhe weareｒ　ａs sｏmeｏne wｈo　tｒies　to be attractive　wiｔｈouｔ beiｎg ａlluｒｉng、　Ａ　woman who takｅｓ　heｒ husbａnd’s ｓurnａｍｅ ａnｎoｕnｃes to the　woｒlｄ　ｔｈaｔ　she iｓ ｍarriｅd and ａlｓo　tｈat shｅ is ｔradｉｔional aｎd may bｅ less ｈerseｌf、　However, ｍen do　not have ｔo maｋe　thｅ same　cｈoｉceｓ、
Unit 6　AR1: Wiｎsｔon Churcｈｉｌｌ
Thｉs　ｐａssａgｅ ｔeｌl ｕs a　grｅat president　oｆ Brｉtain, Wｉnsｔoｎ Churcｈｉll、 Churcｈill beｌｉevｅｄ that ｈｅ ｗas destineｄ to leａd his country、 Wｈｅn hｉs　coｕｎtｒｙ ｗas ｔhreaｔｅｎed， hｅ stａnd out、　Hｅ　foｕｇｈt　as ａ soldier　in World　War Ｉ aｎd　lｅｄ　ｔhe ｃｏuntrｙ to victoｒy iｎ Ｗorld Wａr IＩ、 He wａs　an inｓｔinｃtivｅ,　darｉng,　often ｉnfuriaｔing waｒ　leadeｒ、 Ｂuｔ ｈe is　also aｎ iｎｓｐiｒaｔｉon、 After victorｙ was declared, tｈe bｉllboarｄ sａid　“Cｈｅer Chｕrcｈill, Voｔe Labｏur”, ａnd thａt’s ｗhat ｐeｏplｅ did、 Britaiｎ ｃoulｄ　liｖe ｏn ｂecａusｅ oｆ hiｍ, noｔhing　could ｂe greateｒ ｔhan him、