人教版高二英语选修八Unit2Cloning知识点讲解.doc

人教版高二英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning 知识点讲解
Unit 2 Working the land(耕作土地，在田间耕作)
一． 单词考点
Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending
1. struggle的用法
⑴作vi.时，“斗争；拼搏；努力”
搭配： for...为……而斗争
struggle against...与……作斗争
with...与……并肩作战
to do sth....努力做某事
eg:Millions of people are struggling for survival.
⑵作n.时，[C]“斗争；奋斗；努力”
搭配： with sb.for sth.与某人一起支持某事的斗争
a struggle with sb.against sth.与某人一起反对某事的斗争
with sb.to do sth.与某人一起努力做某事
between A and B A与B之间的斗争
eg:It is a struggle between good and evil.
2. hunger的用法
⑴作n时，[U]“饥饿”[C]“渴望，欲望”
搭配：
with hunger因为/由于饥饿
die of hunger死于饥饿
have a (strong) hunger for sth.(强烈)渴望某物
eg:She has a strong hunger for knowledge.
⑵作vi时，“渴求；渴望得到”
搭配：
hunger for/after...渴望得到
hunger to do sth.渴望做某事
eg:We all hunger for others’ understanding.
3. disturbing引起烦恼的；令人不安的—disturbed(感到)心烦意乱的；烦恼的—disturb使不安
eg:What he said was disturbing.
4. expand v “使变大；伸展”的用法
搭配：
expand...into...把……扩展/发展成……
expand into...扩展/膨胀成……
expand (up)on阐述，详谈
eg:①Tom is expanding his story into a novel.
②Expand this sentence into a paragraph.
区别：expand,extend,enlarge,stretch
⑴expand指范围、体积的扩大，尤指向四面八方扩大、扩张。
⑵extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长。强调向某一方向延长。
⑶enlarge指面积、体积的扩大。
⑷stretch指手掌、手臂、腰、腿、颈由曲变直，由短变长，即伸展或伸出，多与out连用；还有“拉紧，拉直”之意。
5. rid“摆脱”的用法
短语：
rid sb./sth.of sb./sth.使某人/某物摆脱某人/某物
get rid of sb./sth.摆脱某人/某物；除去某人/某物
6. would rather“宁愿，宁可”
搭配：
do sth.
would rather
that从句(一般虚拟语气)
would rather do...than do...=would do...rather than do...“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”(注：rather than可位于句首，表示强调。)
eg:①I'd rather you went home now.
②I would rather you came tomorrow.
③I'd rather you had stayed at home last night.
7. therefore adv “因此；所以；因而”的用法
eg:He was caught cheating in the exam and therefore,he was punished by the school.
区别：therefore,so
⑴therefore常用逗号隔开；表示推理，重点放在therefore所在的句子上，因此结论通常没有必然性。
⑵so非正式用词，用于简洁的会话和平时的对话中，推论不必严密。
8.equip vt“装备，配备”(—equipment n.[U]“设备；装备”)
搭配：
equip sb.with sth.用某物装备某人
equip sb./sth.for...为……装备某人/某物
be equipped with装备，配备；安装
be equipped for...对……有准备；准备好……
be equipped to do sth.使某人有准备做某事
eg:Our classroom is equipped with an air conditioner.
9. export的用法
⑴作vt&vi时，“出口；输出”
eg:①We export rice but import wheat.
②China exports to many other countries.
⑵作n时，[U]“出口”[C]“出口产品，输出产品”
eg:①Half of our products are for export.
②Rubber is the country’s major export.
注：反义词为：import[U]进口，输入；[C尤作复数]进口产品
eg:The country has to import most of its grain.
10. occupation n[C]“工作，职业”[U]“侵占，占领”
区别：occupation,profession,career,job
⑴occupation,指一般意义上的“职业”，任何职业都可叫做occupation；填表格时的“职业”。
⑵profession,“职业”指带有知识性的专门职业，从业者经过特殊教育和训练，如：医生、律师、教师等。
⑶career,“职业，生涯”，强调人们可多年、甚至终生从事的职业。适用性比profession广。
⑷job“工作”可数名词。可指任何有收益的工作，长期的或是临时的，不需培训的力气活或要求极高的专业工作。
Section B Learning about Language
1. confuse vt“使迷惑，使为难”的用法
confuse vt—confused adj“糊涂的，困惑的”—confusing adj“令人迷惑的，模糊不清的”
搭配：
confuse...with...把……和……弄混
eg:Don't confuse the word "weather"with"whether".
2.regret的用法
⑴作vt时，“遗憾，惋惜，懊悔”
搭配：
to do sth.遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
sth./that从句/what从句
eg:①I regret that I will not be with you on such important occasion.
②I regretted to tell you that he had been dismissed.
⑵作n时，[U,C]“遗憾，懊悔”
搭配：
with great/deep regret非常遗憾地
to one's regret令某人感到遗憾的是
eg:I have no regrets,I only regret taking the wrong job.
Section C Using Language
1. build up的用法
⑴“增多，增强，加大”
eg:My stress built up as time went on.
⑵“建立，开发”
eg:We built up this business after ten years' struggle.
⑶增强……的体质；使更加强壮
eg:You should eat lots of fruit to build yourself up.
区别：build up,put up,set up
⑴build up,“(逐步)建立，建造，建设”常指建造较大的物体。
⑵put up着重指建造、搭起有一定高度的具体的物体。口语中，set up和build也有此意。put up还有“张贴”之意。
⑶set up“开办，建立”常和表示组织、机构、团体等的名词连用，与found基本相同，但found更侧重基础。
2. lead to v的用法
⑴导致，造成(后果)
eg:What on earth led to so many mine disaster?
⑵通向，通往
eg:All roads lead to Rome.
3. in addition另外，加之(=as well)
in addition to介 除……之外(还)(=besides)
eg:In addition,there is one more point to make.
4. turn to介转向，求助于
eg:①Let's turn to more important matters now.
②I have no one to turn to except you.
turn短语：
turn around翻身，转身
turn down调小；拒绝
turn up调高；出现，露面
turn in上交
turn into使变成
turn away转过脸去；拒绝帮助
turn on/off打开/关掉
turn out结果是，证明是；出席，在场
5. focus的用法
⑴作v时，集中(注意力、精力等)于……；对准焦距
搭配：
focus on“集中(注意力、精力等)于……；关注……”；“焦点对准……”
focus/fix/concentrate one's attention/mind (up)on集中注意力/心思于
focus sth.on集中某物于/把某物对准……
eg:①The discussion focuses on three main problems.
②He quickly focused the camera on the rabbit.
⑵作n时，焦点，焦距
搭配：
in focus焦点对准，清晰
out of focus焦点没对准，模糊
bring...into focus使……成为焦点
eg:①I got her in focus before I took the photo.
②The children’s faces are badly out of focus in the photograph.
③The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus.
6. keep...free of/from使……免受(影响、伤害等)；使……不含(有害物质)
eg:Keep the children free of/from harm.
短语：
keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
keep sth.from sb.不将某事告诉某人
keep sb. /sth.off sb./sth.使某人、某物不接近或不接触某人、某物
keep in touch with与……保持联系
keep…in mind把……记在心里
keep back阻止；扣留；隐瞒
keep off勿踏，勿踩；不接近，不接触
keep up保持；继续
keep away from避开；不接近
keep up with跟上
keep to介坚持；遵守，信守
7. reduce v减少，缩小，降低；减缩
搭配：
reduce to...减少(降低、缩小)到……
reduce by...减少(降低、缩小)了……
be reduced to陷入某种境况，被迫……
eg:①Try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet.
②The workforce has been reduced by about 30 percent.
8. comment的用法
⑴作v时，“表达意见”
搭配：
comment (up)on sth.对某事作出评论
eg:I'm not in a position to comment on the matter.
⑵作n时，[C,U]议论，评论[U]批评，指责
搭配：
without comment未作任何解释
no comment无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的问题)
make comment on/upon/about sb./sth.对某人/某事作出评论
eg:①My English teacher made helpful comments on my writing.
②—Will you divorce(离婚)her?
—No comment!
二．课文考点
Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending
1. if so“如果这样的话”的用法
so代替前面的分句或整个句子，构成缩略条件句，语意由上下文得知。
eg:Are you next Sunday?If so,let’s have an outing.
注：if not是if so的否定形式。
2. what引导的名词性从句
what引导的名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语，其本身在春季中充当一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。其中，what=the n(s)(先行词) that(定语从句)。
eg:What we need is time.(what=something that)
3. the first +n+to do...“第一个做……的……”的用法
动词不定式常放在表示顺序的词组the first,the last或the only,the very,the right等所修饰的名词或或代词后面，而且这些名词或代词与动词不定词为主动关系。
eg:I’m the only man to hear the news.
4. “make it+宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)/that从句”结构的用法
在这个结构中，it作形式宾语，动词不定式(短语)/that从句。类似用法的动词为：find,make,feel,think,consider等。
eg:①I make it a rule to recite ten new words a day.
②He considers it a his duty to help the poor.
5.不定式(短语)作目的状语
作目的状语的不定式(短语)也可以用in order to/so as to引导，不过in order to/so as to语气更强。其中，in order to/so as to的否定式应在to前加not；位于句首时，只可用in order to。
eg:He came to Sichuan in order to study pandas.
6. thanks to幸亏；由于，因为
其中，to为介词。
eg:Thanks to your help,I am successful.
注：表示“因为”时，due to引导的原因状语一般不放在句首，作表语或状语。owing to强调因果关系，作表语或状语。because of强调因果关系，作表语或状语。as a result of/on account of多作状语。
7. 倍数表达法
结构为：
倍数+as+adj/adv原级+as
倍数+adj/adv比较级+than
倍数+the +n(长、宽、高等)+of
（注：名词的倍数表示法还有另外两种形式：倍数+what从句或倍数+that/those of…）
eg:①The room is three times bigger than that one.
②The room is three times as big as that one.
8. be satisfied with...对……感到满意(=be content with)
eg:She is never always what she's got.
注：satisfied对应的名词形式为：satisfaction[U]。
短语：
to one's satisfaction使某人感到满意的是
with satisfaction满意地
express one's satisfaction with...对……表示满意
二． 语法知识
动词-ing形式作主语和宾语

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