人教版高二英语选修八Unit2Cloning知识点讲解.doc

人教版高二英语选修八 Unit2 Cloning 知识点讲解Unit 2 Working the land(耕作土地，在田间耕作)一 单词考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1. struggle的用法作vi.时，“斗争；拼搏；努力”搭配： for.为而斗争 struggle against.与作斗争 with.与并肩作战 to do sth.努力做某事eg:Millions of people are struggling for survival.作n.时，C“斗争；奋斗；努力”搭配： with sb.for sth.与某人一起支持某事的斗争 a struggle with sb.against sth.与某人一起反对某事的斗争 with sb.to do sth.与某人一起努力做某事 between A and B A与B之间的斗争eg:It is a struggle between good and evil.2. hunger的用法作n时，U“饥饿”C“渴望，欲望”搭配： with hunger因为/由于饥饿 die of hunger死于饥饿 have a (strong) hunger for sth.(强烈)渴望某物eg:She has a strong hunger for knowledge.作vi时，“渴求；渴望得到”搭配： hunger for/after.渴望得到 hunger to do sth.渴望做某事eg:We all hunger for others understanding.3. disturbing引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturbed(感到)心烦意乱的；烦恼的disturb使不安eg:What he said was disturbing.4. expand v “使变大；伸展”的用法搭配： expand.into.把扩展/发展成 expand into.扩展/膨胀成 expand (up)on阐述，详谈eg:Tom is expanding his story into a novel. Expand this sentence into a paragraph.区别：expand,extend,enlarge,stretchexpand指范围、体积的扩大，尤指向四面八方扩大、扩张。extend指长度、宽度的延伸及时间的延长。强调向某一方向延长。enlarge指面积、体积的扩大。stretch指手掌、手臂、腰、腿、颈由曲变直，由短变长，即伸展或伸出，多与out连用；还有“拉紧，拉直”之意。5. rid“摆脱”的用法短语： rid sb./sth.of sb./sth.使某人/某物摆脱某人/某物 get rid of sb./sth.摆脱某人/某物；除去某人/某物6. would rather“宁愿，宁可”搭配： do sth. would rather that从句(一般虚拟语气)would rather do.than do.=would do.rather than do.“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”(注：rather than可位于句首，表示强调。)eg:Id rather you went home now. I would rather you came tomorrow. Id rather you had stayed at home last night.7. therefore adv “因此；所以；因而”的用法eg:He was caught cheating in the exam and therefore,he was punished by the school.区别：therefore,sotherefore常用逗号隔开；表示推理，重点放在therefore所在的句子上，因此结论通常没有必然性。so非正式用词，用于简洁的会话和平时的对话中，推论不必严密。8.equip vt“装备，配备”(equipment n.U“设备；装备”) 搭配： equip sb.with sth.用某物装备某人 equip sb./sth.for.为装备某人/某物 be equipped with装备，配备；安装 be equipped for.对有准备；准备好 be equipped to do sth.使某人有准备做某事eg:Our classroom is equipped with an air conditioner. 9. export的用法作vt&vi时，“出口；输出”eg:We export rice but import wheat. China exports to many other countries.作n时，U“出口”C“出口产品，输出产品”eg:Half of our products are for export. Rubber is the countrys major export.注：反义词为：importU进口，输入；C尤作复数进口产品eg:The country has to import most of its grain. 10. occupation nC“工作，职业”U“侵占，占领”区别：occupation,profession,career,joboccupation,指一般意义上的“职业”，任何职业都可叫做occupation；填表格时的“职业”。profession,“职业”指带有知识性的专门职业，从业者经过特殊教育和训练，如：医生、律师、教师等。career,“职业，生涯”，强调人们可多年、甚至终生从事的职业。适用性比profession广。job“工作”可数名词。可指任何有收益的工作，长期的或是临时的，不需培训的力气活或要求极高的专业工作。Section B Learning about Language1. confuse vt“使迷惑，使为难”的用法confuse vtconfused adj“糊涂的，困惑的”confusing adj“令人迷惑的，模糊不清的”搭配： confuse.with.把和弄混eg:Dont confuse the word weatherwithwhether.2.regret的用法作vt时，“遗憾，惋惜，懊悔”搭配： to do sth.遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事 sth./that从句/what从句eg:I regret that I will not be with you on such important occasion. I regretted to tell you that he had been dismissed.作n时，U,C“遗憾，懊悔”搭配： with great/deep regret非常遗憾地 to ones regret令某人感到遗憾的是eg:I have no regrets,I only regret taking the wrong job.Section C Using Language1. build up的用法“增多，增强，加大”eg:My stress built up as time went on.“建立，开发”eg:We built up this business after ten years struggle.增强的体质；使更加强壮eg:You should eat lots of fruit to build yourself up.区别：build up,put up,set upbuild up,“(逐步)建立，建造，建设”常指建造较大的物体。put up着重指建造、搭起有一定高度的具体的物体。口语中，set up和build也有此意。put up还有“张贴”之意。set up“开办，建立”常和表示组织、机构、团体等的名词连用，与found基本相同，但found更侧重基础。2. lead to v的用法导致，造成(后果)eg:What on earth led to so many mine disaster?通向，通往eg:All roads lead to Rome.3. in addition另外，加之(=as well) in addition to介 除之外(还)(=besides)eg:In addition,there is one more point to make.4. turn to介转向，求助于eg:Lets turn to more important matters now. I have no one to turn to except you.turn短语： turn around翻身，转身 turn down调小；拒绝 turn up调高；出现，露面 turn in上交 turn into使变成 turn away转过脸去；拒绝帮助 turn on/off打开/关掉 turn out结果是，证明是；出席，在场5. focus的用法作v时，集中(注意力、精力等)于；对准焦距搭配： focus on“集中(注意力、精力等)于；关注”；“焦点对准” focus/fix/concentrate ones attention/mind (up)on集中注意力/心思于 focus sth.on集中某物于/把某物对准eg:The discussion focuses on three main problems. He quickly focused the camera on the rabbit.作n时，焦点，焦距搭配： in focus焦点对准，清晰 out of focus焦点没对准，模糊 bring.into focus使成为焦点eg:I got her in focus before I took the photo. The childrens faces are badly out of focus in the photograph. The incident brought the problem of violence in schools into focus.6. keep.free of/from使免受(影响、伤害等)；使不含(有害物质)eg:Keep the children free of/from harm.短语： keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sth.from sb.不将某事告诉某人 keep sb. /sth.off sb./sth.使某人、某物不接近或不接触某人、某物 keep in touch with与保持联系 keepin mind把记在心里 keep back阻止；扣留；隐瞒 keep off勿踏，勿踩；不接近，不接触 keep up保持；继续 keep away from避开；不接近 keep up with跟上 keep to介坚持；遵守，信守7. reduce v减少，缩小，降低；减缩搭配： reduce to.减少(降低、缩小)到 reduce by.减少(降低、缩小)了 be reduced to陷入某种境况，被迫eg:Try to reduce the amount of fat in your diet. The workforce has been reduced by about 30 percent.8. comment的用法作v时，“表达意见”搭配： comment (up)on sth.对某事作出评论eg:Im not in a position to comment on the matter.作n时，C,U议论，评论U批评，指责搭配： without comment未作任何解释 no comment无可奉告(通常用于回答记者的问题) make comment on/upon/about sb./sth.对某人/某事作出评论eg:My English teacher made helpful comments on my writing. Will you divorce(离婚)her? No comment!二课文考点Section A Warming-up,Reading&Comprehending1. if so“如果这样的话”的用法so代替前面的分句或整个句子，构成缩略条件句，语意由上下文得知。eg:Are you next Sunday?If so,lets have an outing.注：if not是if so的否定形式。2. what引导的名词性从句what引导的名词性从句相当于名词，可作主句的主语、宾语、表语，其本身在春季中充当一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语或定语。其中，what=the n(s)(先行词) that(定语从句)。eg:What we need is time.(what=something that)3. the first +n+to do.“第一个做的”的用法动词不定式常放在表示顺序的词组the first,the last或the only,the very,the right等所修饰的名词或或代词后面，而且这些名词或代词与动词不定词为主动关系。eg:Im the only man to hear the news. 4. “make it+宾语补足语+动词不定式(短语)/that从句”结构的用法在这个结构中，it作形式宾语，动词不定式(短语)/that从句。类似用法的动词为：find,make,feel,think,consider等。eg:I make it a rule to recite ten new words a day. He considers it a his duty to help the poor.5.不定式(短语)作目的状语作目的状语的不定式(短语)也可以用in order to/so as to引导，不过in order to/so as to语气更强。其中，in order to/so as to的否定式应在to前加not；位于句首时，只可用in order to。eg:He came to Sichuan in order to study pandas.6. thanks to幸亏；由于，因为其中，to为介词。eg:Thanks to your help,I am successful.注：表示“因为”时，due to引导的原因状语一般不放在句首，作表语或状语。owing to强调因果关系，作表语或状语。because of强调因果关系，作表语或状语。as a result of/on account of多作状语。7. 倍数表达法结构为： 倍数+as+adj/adv原级+as 倍数+adj/adv比较级+than 倍数+the +n(长、宽、高等)+of（注：名词的倍数表示法还有另外两种形式：倍数+what从句或倍数+that/those of）eg:The room is three times bigger than that one. The room is three times as big as that one.8. be satisfied with.对感到满意(=be content with)eg:She is never always what shes got. 注：satisfied对应的名词形式为：satisfactionU。短语： to ones satisfaction使某人感到满意的是 with satisfaction满意地 express ones satisfaction with.对表示满意二 语法知识动词-ing形式作主语和宾语6 / 6