字母及字母组合对应音标发音.doc

最全的音标对应字母、字母组合发音（元音）
[i:]
ee
three tree green sheep meet beef see seek
ea
eat tea meat leave lead teacher team mean speak clean please
e
he she me
ie
piece receive ceiling
ey
key
i
ski kilo litre pizza police machine magazine
eo
people
[i]
i
sit picture it is list six mix fix fit pig big build miss
y
myth many twenty happy dictionary
e
defect decide delicious
[ə:]
ir
girl shirt skirt thirty thirteen third bird
ur
turn burn murder nurse turtle Thursday burger
ear
learn earn earth heard
ur
term her nerd serve
or
work worm word world
[ə]
er
teacher leader remember player speaker farmer powder
or
doctor actor mayor author tractor
ou
delicious gracious pleasure
ar
familiar collar dollar
o
together tomorrow today lesson control polite around account ago
a
elephant manta banana Canada Japan china
e
men listen
u
famulus Saturday
[a:]
ar
car farm card arm garden
a
fast class last glass plant aunt calm
[ʌ]
u
up supper lunch fun gun hunt cup bus
o
come mother does brother love above
ou
trouble rough flourish
oo
blood flood
[ɔ:]
al
small wall talk tall hall ball call walk
or
short more lord horse for forty sport door floor store
au
author caught autumn
our
four mourn court bought
ar
warm quarrel quarter
aw
draw saw flaw
[ɒ]/[ɔ]
o
hot lost lot fox box mop hop loss collar not
a
want wash
[u:]
oo
food moon room gloom broom doom goose tooth
o
shoe do two
u
true truth blue full
[u]
oo
look good foot book
ou
should could
u
put full bull pull push
o
women whose
[æ ]
a
bag hand ant happy hat map mad bad black back glad flag shall man
[e]
ea
head bread pleasure
e
elephant electric remember sell shell lesson better bed desk hotel yes
a
many any
[ei]
a
name cake late gate plane April
ay
play say may way
ea
great break
ai
rain paint plain
ey
they grey
[ai]
i
bike fine find die nine light night high
y
my try fly eye
[au]
ou
house out flour ground account count sound loud around mouse
ow
flower down now cow how town
[əu]
o
home cold go no phone host ghost
ow
know low below grow blow show flow
oa
boat coat goal
[ɔɪ]
oy
boy toy joy
oi
oil soil voice choice
[iə]
eer
beer deer
ea
idea
ear
ear
ear
near
er
here
ier
fierce
[eə]
ear
bear
air
pair chair air fair
are
care
ere
there where
[uə]
our
tour
oor
poor
易混淆元音
易混淆元音1
[æ]
bad hand man land pan sad
[e]
bed head men lend pen said
易混淆元音2
[i:]
real greet mean read
[ei]
rail great main raid
易混淆元音3
[e]
bet red said head
[ai]
bite write side hide
易混淆元音4
[au]
house loud south cloud now count
[ɔ:]
horse lord sauce clause nor corn
易混淆元音5
[au]
found down gown town
[ʌ]
fond done gone ton

最全的音标对应字母、字母组合发音（辅音）
[p]
p
pen pear play pig pour pull push
[b]
b
book big boot bike bread break
[t]
t
tree two ten ton town twenty city
[d]
d
door dull desk dose do dog dictionary
[k]
k
king kite key look cook book kitchen sky
c
card cat cream correct climb come account accept
x
fox box oxygen x-ray
ch
school schedule schema
ck
chicken duck black blackboard backward sick
[g]
g
girl good goal goat grade long language
[m]
m
man make moon morning move come comb
[n]
n
pen ten nine fine night noon moon clean
kn
know knock knight
[ŋ]
n
uncle bank English think thank junk
in
sing king morning evening
[l]
l
long land lend lord fly flag black（读音不同）
l
world cold could goal soul（读音不同）
[r]
r
read red right run room write
[f]
f
five fly fine flag frog fog roof knife life wife
gh
cough laugh rough physic photo phone
ph
physics photo
[v]
v
very evening even every voice vest
[s]
s
six sit student same seat kiss miss case scarf
c
license city cease cedar ceiling celebrate
ce
licence piece juice science lance space ace
[z]
z
zoo zebra zero zap
s
close nose hose suppose pause those whose
[θ]
th
think thank three thirty tooth mouth
[ð]
th
that this those these though
[ʃ]
sh
sheep shoulder ship shoe she brush wash
t
nation attention station
c
social special
s
sure
[ʒ]
s
pleasure
[h]
h
hot hop home house horse how who
[w]
w
when what where window wind wood
[j]
y
yes year yell you your yolk yellow
[tʃ]
ch
child chicken china chair lunch ouch catch teach
tch
catch watch match
[dʒ]
g
age language cabbage vegetable stage bridge
j
joy enjoy join July June junk
dge
bridge knowledge
ge
age cage gorge
[tr]
tr
tree country try treat track trunk
[dr]
dr
dry dream drop drive drink
[ts]
ts
students boots boats goats nuts
[dz]
ds
goods woods moods hoods
易混淆辅音
易混淆辅音1
[v]
vest vet vine very
[w]
west wet wine well
易混淆辅音2
[s]
sink mass miss sort
[θ]
think math myth sought
易混淆辅音3
[z]
close breeze
[ð]
cloth breathe
易混淆辅音4
[n]
thin sin ran ban win
[ŋ]
thing sing rang bang wing

最全的字母及字母组合对应音标发音
a
[ei]
late private grade bake grape nation station page
在开音节中发/eɪ/
[æ]
active hand bank fan parent family glad flag
a在闭音节中发/æ/
[ə]
accept about above formative machine cinema
在非重读音节中发/ə/
[i]
private cabbage manage village
在非重读音节中发/ɪ/
[a:]
fast last glass class past father
字母组合as或ass
[ɔ:]
wash what watch want
a在w后面
ai
[ei]
tail rainy train wait waiter waitress
在个别重读音节词中
[e]
said says
在重读音节中
air
[eə]
air hair chair stairs
组合air在重读音节中发/eə/
ay
[ei]
day today play may May say way stay
ay组合,在重读音节中发/eɪ/ ；词尾为长音[ei]时, 常用ay在词尾而不是a. (bay, day, decay)
ay
[i]
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday
ay 在非重读音节中发/i/
al
[ɔ:]
talk walk chalk
字母组合al 在重读音节中发/ɔ:/或/ɔ:l/
[a:]
half calm balm palm calf
字母组合al在f 、m前在重读音节中发/ɑ:/
all
[ɔ:l]
all ball small tall wall mall call fall
字母组合all
as或ass
[ a:s ]
ask class glass pass grass last
字母组合as或ass
au
[ɔ:]
autumn daughter
字母组合au在重读音节中 发/ɔ:/
aw
[ɔ:]
strawberry draw
字母组合aw在重读音节中 发/ɔ:/
a在w后面
[ɔ]
wash what watch want
a在w后面
ar
[a:]
car farm dark arm art star
字母组合ar在重读音节中发/ɑ:/
[ə]
sugar popular dollar grammar
字母组合ar在非重读音节中发/ə/
[ɔ:]
warm quarrel quarter
在字母w, qu之后读/ɔ׃/
b
[b]
bike bus bag baby bubble
辅音字母b在单词中一般发[b]音
不发音
bomb lamb climb
b出现在m之后不发音
c
[k]
country camp camera courage cable
字母c在字母e, y, i前读做/s/ (cent, city, cycle), 其他字母前读做/k/(cut, cap, cop)。
[s]
city ceiling celebrate cell cease
ch
[tʃ]
Church chair China Chinese chain
一般情况发 [tʃ]
[k]
school Christmas headache
有时候会发[k]
[ʃ]
machine chef
特殊情况
[d3]
Greenwich sandwich
特殊情况
ck
[ k ]
chicken duck black blackboard backward sick
音素ck只用在单元音后, 而且这个元音发短音(back, neck, lick, rock, duck)
d
[d]
doctor bread hand day cloud
一般情况发[d]
dge
[dз]
bridge knowledge
音素dge只用在单元音后面,而且这个元音发短音(badge, edge, lodge, budge)
dr
[dr]
drink dress drive driver draw dresser dream hundred
一般情况发[dr]
e
[i:]
appreciate extremely secret she me he
元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音
[e]
letter left message generate pebble
e在闭音节中发[e]
[i]
pretty previous result restore
字母e在非重读音节中发[ə]或[i]
[ə]
problem prosperous student confident
字母e在非重读音节中发[ə]或[i]
不发音
bake cake face time
使他前面的元音字母发字母音
love give blue true
使不要以一个v和一个u结束一个单词
chance bodice charge allege
使g和c读软音/j/和/s/
little castle bottle dabble fiddle decide
避免一个音节没有一个元音字母
are nurse raise bye ewe owe cause
无工作尾字母e
ea
[i:]
cease season breathe feature meat please
ea字母组合在开音节中发[i:]
read meat teach beach team leaf easy eat
ea在闭音节结构中发/i:/也比较常见
[e]
bread breast breath meadow weather
ea字母组合在闭音节中发[e]
[ei]
great break
特殊情况
[iə]
idea realize
特殊情况
ear
[eə]
bear pear
一般情况发[eə]
[ə:]
learn earth earn heard
在非词尾读/ə:/
[iə]
hear near clear ear fear
在非词尾读/ə:/
[a:]
heart
特殊情况
ee
[i:]
bee three tree see need feel green sleep feet meet
一般情况发[i:]
er
[ə:]
deserve serve her person
通常读长音/ə:/
[ə]
teacher driver anger singer
在非重读音节里读短元音/ə/
[iə]
serious experience mysterious fierce
特殊情况
ere
[iə]
here mere fere sere

[εə]
there where

ey
[eɪ]
they hey obey
在重读音节中
[i:]
key
在个别重读音节词中
[i]
monkey money
在非重读音节中
f
[f]
father fun after find fly fine office leaf
一般情况发[f]
g
[g]
girl grade glass glade bag flag
辅音字母g在单词中一般发[g]音
[dʒ]
orange village vegetable bridge gentleman gym
在e 、i/y前 [dʒ]
[ŋ]
long song sing morning evening

ge
[dз]
age cage gorge
字母e，i，y之前的字母g可以读做/dз/(page, giant, gym), 其中字母e, i之前的g也可以不读做/dз/(get, girl, give); 其它字母之前的g读做/g/(gate, go, gust)。
gh
不发音
bright fight frighten high light might night right sight slight
gh在元音字母i后不发音
eight eighth neighbor straight weigh weight
gh在元音字母组合ei和ai后不发音
bought rought fought thought
gh在字母组合ought中不发音
caught daughter naught naughty taught
字母组合augh前面不是1时，gh不发音
although plough through though thorough
词尾为ough的词，如以上所述，有的发/f/，但有时也不发音
[g]
ghost spaghetti
gh在词首时，读作/g/
[f]
laugh laughter
词首为字母l，且后跟字母组合augh时，gh读作/f/
cough enough rough tough
词尾为字母组合ough时，gh读作/f/
h
[h]
hot house head hat hand hear
位于元音字母之前，h发/h/
不发音
Sarah Messiah
位于词尾，其前为元音
vehicle vehement
位于两个元音之间
rhyme rhythm khaki
位于字母r、k之后
heir honest honour
位于部分元音之前
exhibit exhaust exhort
位于字母组合ex之后
i
[ai]
high price library ice cream wife size line
元音i和o后面有两个辅音时,常发长音. (find, old)
[i]
fist pick chicken piano fiancé city unit
字母i和y经常读做/i/(big, gym), 但是也可读做/aɪ/(silent, my, type)；一个英语单词用字母y而不是i的结尾(my, by)
[ə]
holiday beautiful family animal
元音字母i在非重读音节中读[ə]
ie
[e]
friend
i不发音
[i:]
field, piece, thief（贼）
在重读音节中
[ai]
quiet
在个别单词中
lie die tie
在词尾
ir
[ɜ:]
shirt girl skirt
字母组合ir在重读音节中发/ɜ:/
[ai]
admire desire fire

igh
[ai]
light right flight tight

j
[dʒ]
jeep jar joke join June

k
[k]
kind bike skate make take week

kn
[n]
know knowledge knife knit knee kneel knight knack

l
[l]
listen learn language collect English gorilla（读音不同）

[l]
world cold soil tall sell cool animal（读音不同）

m
[m]
monkey come tomato tomorrow morning maid madam

-mn
[m]
autumn column
词尾为mn组合时
n
[n]
sand ant conneet ineident unknown
一般情况发[n]
change orange arrange anger dangerous
n在ge前时，因为g不发/g/而发/d3/，所以n发/n/而不发/ŋ/
unkind uneommon unclean unclear uncover income
n属于前缀时，即使在/k//g/前也不发/ŋ/，而发/n/
不发音
autumn column
位于词尾的n在m后面时不发音
[ŋ]
think thank English language ankle uncle anxious conquer
在音素/k//g/前面发/ŋ/。但前缀例外
long strong song sing bring ring
与g组合在词尾时发/ŋ/
o
[əu]
lode host cold note okay old home
元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音
[u:]
lose do who whose prove
在某些重读开音节中
[ʌ]
love some other mother honey company
在m、n、v、th前发[ʌ]
[ə]
today tomorrow together control collect
字母o在非重读音节中发[ə]
[ɔ]
lost hot mock office soft honest
O在闭音节中发[ɔ]
oa
[əu ]
road boat coat goat soap

oo
[u:]
too zoo bamboo cuckoo kangaroo shampoo
重读音节词尾的字母组合oo（单词最后是辅音+oo结尾）
room tool cool moon noon goof 但wool例外
在辅音字母f、l、m、n、s、p、z前字母组合oo的重读音节发/u:/
boot tooth boot root shoot smooth soothe loot
但foot football soot 例外。
字母组合oo在字母t前的发/u:/的音
afternoon cartoon balloon moonlight noodle schoolboy
在复合词(双音节或多音节词)的重读音节中发/u:/
[ʊ]
good foot stood wood wool cook wood book food
字母组合oo在字母d和k前发音素/ʊ/的音
bedroom bathroom classroom workroom childhood
在复合词(双音节或多音节词)的非重读音节中发/ʊ/
[ʌ]
blood flood
在字母l和d之间的字母组合oo发音素/ʌ/的音
or
[ɔ:]
short form corn born for
or在词中一般念 [ɔ:]
[ə:]
work world worm word worst
重读音节，在w后
[ə]
tractor doctor actor sector senior senator
非重读音节或在词尾一般念[ə]
oor
[ɔ:]
door floor
一般情况发[ɔ:]
[uə]
moor poor boor
个别词中发[uə]
our
[auə]
our hour sour flour

[uə]
tour flour bourn lour

[ɔ:]
pour court four mourn

[ə]
honour neighbour

[ɜ:]
journey courteous

ou
[au]
house mouth mouse sound found
大多数情况下
[ʌ]
enough trouble touch double

[ə]
delicious gracious prosperous

[əʊ]
soul shoulder
跟l连接时发[əʊ]
[u:]
wound soup route group youth

[ʊ]
should could would

[ɔ:]
thought bought brought

[ɒ]
cough

ow
[əu]
window meadow know show low

[au]
now town how down cow

oy
[ɔɪ]
boy toy

p
[p]
paper plane pig ship pen pencil pack pick
一般情况发[p]
不发音
pneumonia psychology receipt
p在n,s,t之前时不发音
ph
[ f ]
elephant telephone photo

q
[k]
Iraq cheque

qu
[kw]
queue quest require
字母q总是与u在一起，读做/kw/, 此处u不作元音。
r
[r]
red ruler rub rob robbery right read ride marry sorry
在词首和词中时，字母r常读作摩擦辅音/r/
for ever far away her eyes for example
当字母r位于词尾，其后的单词以元音字母开头，字母r与该元音字母连读，读作摩擦音/r/
不发音
mark arm her per sir girl or lord burn turn
重读音节中，字母r常与前面相邻的元音字母构成组合，读作元音。如：ar发[ɑ:]；er发[ɜ:]；ir发[ɜ:]；or发[ɔ:]；ur发[ɜ:]
(美音)
card board door floor form north

s
[s]
sit seat sell sold sleep slow skate desk
在音节开头或清辅音前 /s/
[z]
music husband
在元音字母间或浊辅音前/z/
sc
[sk]
Scotland scarlet

[s]
scene science

se
[z]
nose suppose gose lose pose rose

[s]
mouse house

sh
[ʃ]
shit sheep shop cash rubbish wash
音素sh用在一个基本词的开头或是结尾(she, dish), 还用在一个音节的结尾(finish), 但绝对不会在后一个音节的开头, 除非是以ship结尾(worship, friendship)
sion
[ʃə n]
propulsion tension progression passion
在辅音之后，读作 [ʃə n]
[ʒ ə n]
protrusion provision conclusion television
在元音之后，读 [ʒ ə n]
t
[t]
ten letter meet toe
一般情况发[t]
[ʃ]
patient nation
在弱读字母ia ie io前[ʃ]
tch
[tʃ]
catch match

th
[θ]
thank think thought cloth
一般情况发[θ]
[ð]
the these with than there
th在冠词、代词、介词、连词中[ð]
father mother weather brother clothe
th 在词尾-the、-ther中：[ð]
tr
[tr]
tree truck try street straight ostrich

ture
[tʃə]
picture future

tion
[ʃə n]
station nation translation attention
一般情况发 [ʃə n]
[tʃə n]
question(不常见)

u
[ju]
university refuse unique universe huge
元音a, e, o, u在音节结尾(开音节)一般读做字母音
[u:]
blue rule June
在重读开音节中，在字母l、r、j之后读做[U:]
[u]
put push pull full bull
在重读闭音节中一般读做[u]或[ʌ]
[ʌ]
but brush bucket duck bubble
[ə]
support suggest
在非重读音节中一般读做[ə]
[i]
minute
特殊情况
ue
[u:]
blue flue clue
e不发音
[e]
guess
u不发音
[ju:]
cue due

ur
[ɜ:]
nurse turn hurt fur

v
[v]
voice love leave very vain vein

w
[w]
week win wake sweet wait watch water wife wash
在单词开头发[w]
不发音
answer two

wh
[w]
what where when why which white wheel
Wh在大多数情况下发[w],字母h不发音
[h]
who whom whose whole
Wh后接o时，字母w不发音，字母h发/h/音
wr
[r]
write wrong wrist
Wr-发[r]
x
[ks]
box fox mix six sixteen taxi
x位于词尾或音节尾部，读/ks/
text except excite excuse next oxygen
x后跟辅音字母，读/ks/
[gz]
example exis exact examine exactly 但是exercise例外
X在重读元音前(位于两个元音字母之间)/gz/
[kʃ]
anxious
特殊情况
[z]
xylophone
特殊情况
y
[j]
yes yard yellow young you yesterday yolk
Y字母在单词最前面读发[j]
[aɪ]
fly by cry
Y字母在单词尾，重读音节读/aɪ/
[ɪ]
family slowly
Y字母在单词尾，非重读音节读/ɪ/
volleyball
弱读念/ɪ/
z
[z]
puzzle zero zoo zebra
一般情况发[z]
[ʒ]
azure

[ts]
pizza
外来词
zh
[ʒ]
zhoosh