新概念2非谓语动词-分词做状语归纳总结.doc

一、 现在分词作状语，表主动、进行，相当于一个状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。1. 现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. Studying at the hometown, I enjoyed the happiest time during my life.Being ill, she cant go to work today.The children ran out of the room, laughing and jumping.He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information2. 现在分词的完成式由“having+动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. Having been given the right answer, the teacher asked me to sit down. Having suffered from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. 3. 现在分词的否定式为“not+动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not+having +动词过去分词”,被动式的否定式为not+having+been+动词过去分词”例如：Not knowing what to do, he sat there crying.Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity.二、 过去分词作状语过去分词只有一种形式，即done，表被动。The mother came in, followed by her son. When heated，water will be turned into steam. Deeply moved by the film, we all cried.Given more time, we will solve the problem.Given more time, we will finish the work in time.Seeing from the top of the TV tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.Founded in 1613, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United Stated.三、 现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别1. 分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。2. 现在分词表示主动、进行的动作。过去分词表示被动。典型例句：Seen from a distance, the mountain looked like an elephant. Seeing the mountain, he always thinks of his childhood.例题：1. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD. To have waited2. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left3._ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farms.A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted4. The children ran out of the room, _. A laughed and jumped B To laugh and jump C laughing and jumpingD laugh and jump1. _ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us.2. _ (give) time, hell make a first class tennis player.3. _ (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground.四、 分词作状语相当于状语从句一、用作时间状语，分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成由when, while, after, before等引导时间状语从句。典型例句：Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. =When As soon as the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.例题：When _different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. comparedB. being compared C. comparingD. having compared二、用作原因状语，分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as, because, since, now that 等引导的原因状语从句。典型例句：Being very weak, she couldnt move.=As she was very weak, she couldnt move. 例题： (1) _with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. A. Faced B. Face C. Facing D. To face(2) _for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed三、用作条件状语，分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句。典型例句：Working hard, you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed. Given more time, we could have done it better. =If we had been given more time, we could have done it better.例题：_ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. A. Having givenB. To giveC. GivingD. Given四、用作让步状语，分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though, although, no matter等引导的让步状语从句。Although living miles away, he attended the course. =Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. Defeated, he remained a popular boxer. =Thought he was defeated, he remained a popular boxer. No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performingC. to be performedD. being performed五、用作伴随状语，表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。典型例句：He sat in the chair reading a newspaper. Dont you sit there doing nothing. He came in, followed by his wife. 例题： (1) Dont sit there _ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing(2) My cousin came to see me from the country, _ me a full basket of fresh fruits. A. broughtB. bringingC. to bringD. had brought(3) Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing.A. sayingB. saidC. to sayD. having said(4) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinkingB. thinkC. to thinkD. thought六、用作结果状语，分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句。典型例句：He died, leaving his wife with five children. =He died and left his wife with five children. 例题： (1) He glanced over at her, _ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. notingB. notedC. to noteD. having noted (2) Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year, _ a record US$ 57.65 a barrel on April 4. A. have reachedB. reachingC. to reachD. to be reaching五、 综合练习题：1. _ alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.A. Leaving B. Left C. To be left D. Having left2. _ in this way, the situation doesnt seem so disappointing.A. To look B. Looking at C. Looked at D. To be looked at3. _ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To waitB. Have waited C. Having waitedD. To have waited4. _ more attention, the tree could have grown better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given5. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.A. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed6. Having been attacked by terrorists, _. A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsedC. an emergency measure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists