There-be句型的用法..doc

There be句型的用法
一．there be 句型基本认识
1、定义：There be句型表示某处有某物或某人。there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。
这种句型之所以要用there作形式主语而把“实义主语”置于动词之后正是为了让这种“实义主语”称为信息中心，以达到引出新话题的目的。
2、句型构成: There十连系动词be+主语(人／物)+地点(介词短语或副词)
(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词+ 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
名词及主谓一致：①当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时， be动词用is；②当主语是可数名词复数时，其be动词就用are；
③当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，（遵循就近原则）be动词要根据离它最近的名词的数来确定be的形式。
对应例子：① There is a bird in the tree. 树上有一只鸟。
②There are two children in the room. 房间里有两个孩子。
③There is a teacher and many students in our classroom. 我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。
There are two boys and a girl under the tree. 树下有两个男孩，一个女孩。

二． there be 句型的各种句型转化
（一）如何改成否定句：直接在be后加上not或no即可。
例如：
① There are some pictures on the wall.
→There aren't any pictures on the wall. =There are no pictures on the wall.
② There is a bike behind the tree.
→ There isn't a bike behind the tree. =There is no bike behind the tree.
注意：肯定句中出现some改成否定句或者疑问句时要改成any，出现and要改为or。
not和no的不同：not是副词，no为形容词，not a/an/any + n. 相当于no+ n.。

（二）如何变成一般疑问句：把be动词提到句首，句末句号改成问号即可。同时应注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any，而and要改成or。
例：There is some water on Mars.
→ Is there any water on Mars?
There are some fish in the water.
→Are there any fish in the water?
在构成一般疑问句时, 其句型结构为:
(1) Is + there + a／an+单数名词+介词短语?
(2) Is + there+不可数名词+介词短语?
(3) Are + there + any +复数名词+介词短语?
(4) Are + there + any + 不可数名词 + 介词短语?
回答用Yes, there is/are. 或No, there isn’t/aren’t.
如:—Is there a ball on the table? 桌子上有个球吗?
—Yes,there is.有
—No, there isn’t. 没有。

—Are there any children near the door?门边有些孩子吗?
—Yes, there are. 是的，有。
—No, there aren’t. 不是，没有。

（三）如何改成特殊疑问句：必须了解是对什么进行提问，懂得用哪个词去发问。
★对主语提问：当主语是人的时候，则用who 引导，
当主语是物的时候，则用what 引导。
注意：无论原句的主语是单数还是复数，对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如：
There are many things over there. →What's over there?
There is a little girl in the room.→Who is in the room?
★ 对地点状语提问：则用where 引导。
如：There is a computer on the desk. → Where is the computer?
There are four children on the playground. →Where are the four children?
★ 对数量提问：一般有两种句型结构，以下两种句型主要用来询问“某处有多少人或物”
How many+复数名词+are there+介词短语？
How much+不可数名词+is there+介词短语？
如：How much milk is there in the bottle?　瓶子里有多少牛奶?
How many students are there in your class?　你们班有多少学生?

三．there be 句型的时态。
be可以有现在时（there is/are）、过去时(there was/were)、将来时(there is/are going to be或there will be)和完成时(there have/has been)。
如： ---There ______ a concert this evening. ---Yeah. Exciting news!
A. are going to be B. is going to be C. is going to have D. will have

四．There + be这种结构中, 谓语动词除be之外，还可用live, lie, stand等表示“存在”意义的不及物动词作为谓语动词放在there be句型中。
如: Long, long ago, there lived a king in this area. 很久很久以前有个国王住在这儿。
五．there be 句型与have(has)句型的区别
There be句型与have(has)均表示“有”，但There be句型强调“某处有某人／某物”，着重“存在”的状态；have则强调“某人有某物”，着重“拥有”。
例：(1)He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。
There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。
(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。
A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。
（3）There are three children in my family．
我家有三个孩子。
（4）I have three children. 我有三个孩子。