初中英语动词分类讲解及练习(有答案).doc

动词概述
表示动作或状态的词叫做动词。可以分为以下四类：
类别
例句
使用特点
实义/行为动词
及物动词
Love, make
后跟宾语
不及物动词
Go, rise
后不跟宾语
连系动词
Be, look
后跟表语
助动词
Be, have, do, shall, will, did
本身没有词义，后跟动词原形或分词，构成疑问句或否定句等
情态动词
Can, may, mist
本身有词义，后跟动词原形，构成谓语

一、 实义动词
■①及物动词与不及物动词
根据后面是否带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词，及物动词。Vt. vi .
They study hard.
I know them well.
注：有的动词既可作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。如：
She sings very well.
She sang an English song just now.
英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，____不变。试比较：
Shall I begin at once?
She began working as a librarian after she left school.
When did they leave Chicago?They left last week.
短语：
■②动态动词和静态动词
动态动词表示动作，如give, take, work, run等；静态动词表示感觉、情感、内心世界、相互关系等，如know, exist, be, have, appear, prove, concern, hate, dislike, like, love, surprise, include, depend on, belong to, guess, suppose，imagine, believe, doubt, admire, envy等。
■③延续性动词和非延续性动词
根据动作是否延续，行为动词又分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。如rain, live, work, learn等是延续性动词，go, come, leave, start, arrive, join, finish, end等是非延续性动词。
注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。如：
[译]他离开这里三天了。
[误]He has left here for three days.
[正]He has been away from here for three days.
[正]He left here three days ago.
[正]It’s three days since he left.
■④限定动词与非限定动词
限定动词在句中作谓语，有人称和数的变化。非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，也叫非谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化。
The room needs cleaning.

二、连系动词
 系动词亦称连系动词，作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词后不可接副词，接的是形容词。
Be：
He is a teacher.（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）I am fine.
2、keep, rest, remain, stay,例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
3、表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：
He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad.
4、feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.
5、become, grow, turn, fall（asleep）, get, go, come, run.
He became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.
6、终止系动词。表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，
The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success. （turn out表终止性结果）
7．使役动词：let,have,make 使，让…
Let /make somebody do sth
The teacher lets/makes them clean the classroom after school.
Make sb/sth adj.
The story makes me happy. The color makes it look beautiful.
Have somebody do sth 让某人做某事
Have sth done 让某物被做
My mother haves me make the bed. I have my hair cut/washed.
有些动词它们既可以用作实义动词，又可以用作连系动词。另外be还可用作助动词。它们的用法不同，词义和句型结构也有所不同。例如：
Look at the blackboard, please.请看黑板。(look用作实义动词)
He looks a little tired.他略显疲倦。(look用作连系动词)
They are at work.他们在工作。(are用作连系动词)
They are working.他们正在工作。(are用作助动词，帮助构成现在进行时)

三、 助动词
协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词。 助动词是语法功能词，自身没有词义，不可单独使用，它没有对应的汉译，例如： He doesn't like English.（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义)
1、助动词be(is, am,are,was,were)，have(has, had, having)，do(did,does).
*do(does, did) 的用法
（1）构成疑问句或否定句
(How) did you know ? He does not smoke.
（2）加强语气。
He did tell that.
Do come and see us.
（3）代替前面刚出现的动词，避免重复。
-You like popular music, don't you? -Yes , I do.
He speaks French as fluently as she does.
（4）用于倒装句中。
Never did he pay attention to my words.
Only then did I understand the importance of English.
（5）构成否定的祈使句。
Don't be so careless.
Do not hesitate to come for help.

情态动词

Can,could,may,might, shill,should, will,would,need,dear,have to, ought to

. 1. Mr Wang ____ be in Nanjing now, he went to Beijing only this morning.
　　A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
2. -Must I stay at home, Mum? --No, you ______.
　　A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. may not
3. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
--Sorry, I can’t. I ____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.
　　A. can B. may C. would D. have to
4. -May I go to the cinema, Mum? --Certainly. But you _____ be back by 11 o’clock.
　　A. can B. may C. must D. need
5. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish ______ into the river.
　　A. needn’t be thrown B. mustn’t be thrown
　　C. can’t throw D. may not throw
6. -May I go out to play basketball, Dad?
　　--No, you ______. You must finish your homework first.
　　A. mustn’t B. may not C. couldn’t D. needn’t
7. -Where is Jack, please ? --He ____ be in the reading room.
　　A. can B. need C. would D. must
　　　　A. musn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
8. -Mum, may I watch TV now?
　　--Sure, but you _____ help me with my housework first.
　　A. can B. may C. must D. could
9. The boy said he had to speak English in class, but he _____ speak it after calss.
　　A. could B. didn’t have to C. might D. shouldn’t
10. John ______ go there with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure about it.
　　A. must B. can C. will D. may
11. Even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem. So it _____ be very difficult.
　　A. can B. may C. must D. need
12. It’s still early. You ______.
　　A.mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry
　　C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
13. A computer ______ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
　　A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
14. -Could I borrow your dictionary? -- Yes, of course you _______.
　　A. might B. will C. can D. should
15. ___ I know your name?
　　A. May B. Will C. Shall D. Must
16. I _____ like to know where you were born.
　　A. shall B. should C. do D. may
17. ______ you be happy!
　　A. Might B. Must C. Wish D. May

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