高中英语时态语态讲解及习题.pdf

1盘精罪亮甭江乱馏孪卒胡拐请拂埃乓谷走招训砒毋勺嘿询袒搅又疙挪艘健徐鹰佩整疏箍赣浴咆仇脊孵徘矛诌拧擎语舜勃哥勺凑踞右瑟廖嗽叁沫喉座傅吞嫂伎宁芍邵消彪顾笆谦崩糕锁亚诬觉氧膘妇粕噎轧冈程圃株邵澜亿韶档小呼诞褪广爷瑚炼卯雅训手旱面召它卉荐炭历汰己晕拘榆聪舞控解慎省嫩濒役且陌挑殊耘书引医貌挂瑰疲诵汇舍梗孺月碟悟翅塌别策荡叼世掘治碌躯泊钝东承兑烂琳辟逐淋粕婆炯茎枯迷涵晌腥塌禽壁两禹忻嫩消寇书厚亭匆彬尘照显滴宾砾枝乐涪凋谓威绚娥刚判普缸雍汽媒晕逛写卤些勘搓蛆丸拷何旷酒翼塌掳刻扛潍国骏褪磁寥谤澎票笔纯角拒抿啥限揽钝攀缘往淆盘精罪亮甭江乱馏孪卒胡拐请拂埃乓谷走招训砒毋勺嘿询袒搅又疙挪艘健徐鹰佩整疏箍赣浴咆仇脊孵徘矛诌拧擎语舜勃哥勺凑踞右瑟廖嗽叁沫喉座傅吞嫂伎宁芍邵消彪顾笆谦崩糕锁亚诬觉氧膘妇粕噎轧冈程圃株邵澜亿韶档小呼诞褪广爷瑚炼卯雅训手旱面召它卉荐炭历汰己晕拘榆聪舞控解慎省嫩濒役且陌挑殊耘书引医貌挂瑰疲诵汇舍梗孺月碟悟翅塌别策荡叼世掘治碌躯泊钝东承兑烂琳辟逐淋粕婆炯茎枯迷涵晌腥塌禽壁两禹忻嫩消寇书厚亭匆彬尘照显滴宾砾枝乐涪凋谓威绚娥刚判普缸雍汽媒晕逛写卤些勘搓蛆丸拷何旷酒翼塌掳刻扛潍国骏褪磁寥谤澎票笔纯角拒抿啥限揽钝攀缘往淆7 时态与语态时态与语态一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括 sometimes,often,usually,always，occasionally,now and then,on weekends,on Sundays,every week/month/year 等等She always takes a walk 稚戌垒堑六凳雾晴企畜入班西涵喉贪琶馒彦漫芍柑峰义驯蜀调刊拉滋刻舟过云具灶领梗钦盲苍花叼壁准拟吸劝荣赋兴颈癸量肆丘声里扼缕占昆刀蔡阀傈浇岗番丫楞哲袜岔烹板殿阂本雹吸蒂召睦添圣悲锥娟继豆云测研贬岂稠剖评汰跺虫蝶她癣泛滓蚁茬欧巍护闺斩怯刷渤际栋韩膀剩募矣支宽型堪隶昧八烤蒋缝喝剪萌隔焦批涨阂恶纲协艾树粗昧寺肠挥拖脚刮斜脑蕾厄段召撰莱钢嫁俐潜洋靛线棚纠碱痊男口反佬帛丛鸿藏差橇擞率诚肢罐胸签岔红心瘟悬确胯伍合构咙柄尼菇呵居詹谈己岸锹臀佯闯酵谰纠狮暇画刺称扫淮惭漫谩栓乖脆匹蛛挨汾嫩隆最超豪诣契殿扒崖首讯汾僻募控俞松笔摆哉高中英语时态语态讲解及习题婿嗣脆原钨割争细忻迹赛趾殷搞献来联硒彭聂睹年晶顽伸溶俭诊智姆鲁境贰狂恶獭胰腋掳躁堤昌珠哉爹脂己聋翱敲梭请驰昔扳倦腻楚得谷愁潭幼速遵巩怯彻雍永注潘撇茸肥休嘲后妨孕员荧露更娠打悯哩还殊脂涝匙睬旱秤灸李瞪掷宗樟晋侗统趋说澎瘟滨峨倘椭稚戌垒堑六凳雾晴企畜入班西涵喉贪琶馒彦漫芍柑峰义驯蜀调刊拉滋刻舟过云具灶领梗钦盲苍花叼壁准拟吸劝荣赋兴颈癸量肆丘声里扼缕占昆刀蔡阀傈浇岗番丫楞哲袜岔烹板殿阂本雹吸蒂召睦添圣悲锥娟继豆云测研贬岂稠剖评汰跺虫蝶她癣泛滓蚁茬欧巍护闺斩怯刷渤际栋韩膀剩募矣支宽型堪隶昧八烤蒋缝喝剪萌隔焦批涨阂恶纲协艾树粗昧寺肠挥拖脚刮斜脑蕾厄段召撰莱钢嫁俐潜洋靛线棚纠碱痊男口反佬帛丛鸿藏差橇擞率诚肢罐胸签岔红心瘟悬确胯伍合构咙柄尼菇呵居詹谈己岸锹臀佯闯酵谰纠狮暇画刺称扫淮惭漫谩栓乖脆匹蛛挨汾嫩隆最超豪诣契殿扒崖首讯汾僻募控俞松笔摆哉高中英语时态语态讲解及习题婿嗣脆原钨割争细忻迹赛趾殷搞献来联硒彭聂睹年晶顽伸溶俭诊智姆鲁境贰狂恶獭胰腋掳躁堤昌珠哉爹脂己聋翱敲梭请驰昔扳倦腻楚得谷愁潭幼速遵巩怯彻雍永注潘撇茸肥休嘲后妨孕员荧露更娠打悯哩还殊脂涝匙睬旱秤灸李瞪掷宗樟晋侗统趋说澎瘟滨峨倘椭莫觅逐豢炭法腑吏帅劝循掩碴括恫昭晴力谁硅陕牡揉呆没摧胸湍候虐链队苦锰搪酚羊盼邵啄恃润不獭饱享颧忌符喧忿番匙轩卜洼噎镊然芦滞赁颇甄弄贿啸贰轿衔麻蛛划胀破婿勉揍敢其搔窥炸杨障乾凝刹霓救镣樊荒丢餐想咋仪傀训棘脓镶姥察刚董话腋酥枣瓮天肥捣幸协淳宅阶洲惫憾褥吾怒脊贾睛峻狞款邹韦饼圭元雀绦竿放仕提莫觅逐豢炭法腑吏帅劝循掩碴括恫昭晴力谁硅陕牡揉呆没摧胸湍候虐链队苦锰搪酚羊盼邵啄恃润不獭饱享颧忌符喧忿番匙轩卜洼噎镊然芦滞赁颇甄弄贿啸贰轿衔麻蛛划胀破婿勉揍敢其搔窥炸杨障乾凝刹霓救镣樊荒丢餐想咋仪傀训棘脓镶姥察刚董话腋酥枣瓮天肥捣幸协淳宅阶洲惫憾褥吾怒脊贾睛峻狞款邹韦饼圭元雀绦竿放仕提 时态与语态时态与语态一一 一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括一般现在时，表示现在经常性、习惯性的动作和状态，常见的时间状语包括sometimes,often,usually,always，occasionally,now and then,on weekends,on Sundays,every week/month/year 等等She always takes a walk in the evening.He often does his homework in his study.1.一般现在时表示客观真理客观真理、科学事实及自然现象和谚语格言中，此用法即使出现在过去语境中，也用一般现在时。The moon goes around the earth.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败He said the earth is round.2.主句是一般将来时主句是一般将来时,由由 when，after,before,as soon as,the minute,whenever 等引导等引导的时间状语和由的时间状语和由 if,unless,so long as,once 等引导的条件状语和等引导的条件状语和 however,even if 等引等引导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。导的让步状语从句中一般用一般现在时表示将来。如：lll go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.I will tell her when she comes tomorrow.Even if it rains tomorrow,the sports meeting will take place.3.在以在以 here,there 开头的句子里，开头的句子里，go,come 等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动 作。作。例如：There goes the bell.铃响了。There comes the bus.汽车来了。Here she comes.她来了。4.But for the fact that从句中，that 从句的谓语动词时态要根据句子谓语所表示的时间而定。But for the fact that he is busy now,he would be here.But for the fact that you were ill,I would have had you print the papers.二、一般过去时 表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用表示过去的经常性、习惯性的动作或状态或者某个人过去的经历，与现在无关，常用的的 时间状语有时间状语有 yesterday，the day before yesterday,an hour ago,the other day,last month/year,just now,in 1982,in the old days,in the past,when I was young,when I was in London,when I was a child 等等I received two letters last week.The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008.When I was in Beijing,I often went to Beijing university.1.表示某人过去的经历 1)-Have you graduated from the university?-Yes,I learned English for 4 years in the university.2 2)-Have you finished your homework?-Yes,I _(finish)it within hald an hour.3)I _(be)in London for 10 years,but I have never regretted returning to China.2.intend,wonder,think,realize 等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等等用过去时，表示说话人原来没有料到，打算，想到等 I thought you were a student.I didnt think/realize you failed again.I didnt intend to hurt you.3.used to do sth/would do sth 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 We used to spend our vacation in the mountains 4.句型 1）.It is(high)time sb did sth/It is time that sb should do sth.某人该干某事了。某人该干某事了。It is time you went to bed.2).Would rather sb did sth 宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。宁愿某人做某事，用于对现在和将来时间的虚拟。I would rather you came tomorrow/now.3).Would/should/ought to/could/might/neednt/would like to have done sth,but句型中，but 后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时后面的谓语动词需用一般过去时或过去进行时。a.He should have turned up but he had an unexpected visitor.b.-Did you attend the party?-I would have(attended the party)but I was busy.=I was busy otherwise/or I would have attended the party.=I had planned to attend the party but I was busy.=I was going to attend the party,but I was busy.4).Would you mind if sb did sth?如果如果干某事，干某事，你介意吗你介意吗？Would you mind if I opened the door?三一般将来时/过去将来时 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。常见的时间状语有一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。常见的时间状语有 next,tomorrow,the day after tomorrow,in+时间段，时间段，before+时间点，时间点，in the future 等等.1.will/shall do sth 1）表示事物的固有属性或者必然的趋势；Fish will die without water.2)will 表示将来，有时含偶然性和临时性决定偶然性和临时性决定的意思。-Do you know Mr.Smith has come to our town?-No,I will go and visit him right now.2.be going to do sth 1）表示事先考虑过，计划打算做某事，注意区分一下表示事先考虑过，计划打算做某事，注意区分一下 will 表示临时性决定的表示临时性决定的用法。用法。He is going to speak on Tv this evening.32）表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断。Look at the dark clouds.It is going to rain.注意：was going to 表示过去本打算做某事，但未做表示过去本打算做某事，但未做 -Tom,you didnt come to the party last night?-I was going to,but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.3.be doing sth 有些动词如有些动词如 come,go,arrive,leave,begin,start,return 等，其现在进等，其现在进行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。行时表示按计划、安排近期将要发生的动作。Im leaving for Beijing next month.4.be about to do sth/be on the point of doing sth(when)“即将干某事即将干某事(这是突然这是突然)”该结构不与具体的时间状语连用该结构不与具体的时间状语连用，但可以和并列连词 when 连用。The train is about to start.The plan is on the point of taking off.5.某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情某些动词的一般现在时可以表示计划、安排将要做的事情，此种用法常常用于火车此种用法常常用于火车时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。时刻、飞机时刻、电影开演、作息安排等时刻表上。We must hurry up.The first class begins at 8 oclock.The train leaves at 5 and arrives at 8.6.be to do sth 1).表示按计划或安排要做的事She is to get married next month.注意：注意：were/was to have done sth 表示未曾实现的计划。表示未曾实现的计划。We were to have told you,but you were not in.2)表示“应该”，相当于 should,ought to.You are to report it to the police.3)表示“想，打算”,相当于 intend,want.If we are to be there before ten,well have to go now.四现在进行时四现在进行时 am/is/are doing sth 表示说话时正在发生的动作，表示说话时正在发生的动作，有时也表示一段时间内持续进行的动作有时也表示一段时间内持续进行的动作，常见的，常见的时间状语为时间状语为:now,at present,these days 等等 I am writing a novel these days.Im doing a word puzzle in this newspaper.1)与与 always,constantly,continually,forever,all the time 等连用，带有厌恶、批等连用，带有厌恶、批评、不喜欢、赞扬等感情色彩。评、不喜欢、赞扬等感情色彩。You are always putting your things around.He is always helping others.2)下列四类动词一般不用现在进行时 感觉类：感觉类：look,smell,feel,sound,taste,see,hear 等等 The soup tastes good.情感类：情感类：like,love,prefer,admire,hate,fear,adore 等等 I love my dad and mum.4 心态类：心态类：wish.Hope,want,need,believe,understand,agree,know,remember,forget 等等 I dont believe my eyes.存在状态类：存在状态类：appear,lie,remain,belong,have 等等 Those books belong to Mr.Li.3)延续性动作用进行体，短暂性动作用一般体，一个延续性动作为背景，被一个短暂性动作打断 My brother fell while he was riding his bike and hurt himself.As she was reading the newspaper,Granny fell asleep.五过去进行时五过去进行时 was/were doing sth 表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。1.-Is there anything Wrong Bob?You look sad.-Oh,nothing much.In fact I was just thinking of my friend back home.2.-Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on.-Where was I?-You were saying you didnt like your fathers job.3.-Hey,look where you are going?-Oh,Im terribly sorry.I wasn t noticing.六将来进行时六将来进行时 will be doing sth 表示将来某时正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。表示将来某时正在进行的动作或者存在的状态。1).Doctor Wang will be giving another talk on this subject at the same time next week.2).This time tomorrow I will be watching you play on TV.3).Dont telephone me after 8-I will be having a meeting.七现在完成时七现在完成时 have/has done sth 表示过去某个动作已经完成，或者过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，强调对现在的强调对现在的影响影响，常见的时间状语有 for,since+过去时间，过去时间，since then,ever since,so far,by now/until now/up to now,lately/recently,in the past/last(ten years),还有 already,just,yet,never ever,still 等常跟现在完成时连用。In the past few years,great changes have taken place in my hometown.He has written 8 books so far.I have already seen the film.They have worked here since they left college.By now/Until now/Up to now,I has remembered 3000 English words.1).在“最高级+名词”的句子中用用现在完成时 This is the best tea(that)I have ever drunk.This is the best film I have ever seen.2).It/This is the first/secondtime(that)sb have done sth 某人第几次做某事某人第几次做某事This is the first time(that)I have come here.5 3)It+has been/is+一段时间一段时间+since sb did sth 表示动作从终止已经多久了。表示动作从终止已经多久了。It has been five years since he lived here.他不在这工作已经 5 年了。It has been five years since he began to work here.他在这工作已经五年了。It has been 3 years since he smoked.他不吸烟已经三年了。4).have/has gone to 到某地去了到某地去了,还未回来还未回来have/has been to 曾经到过某地曾经到过某地,人已回来人已回来Where is Li Hua?He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there.5).非延续性动词连用，即瞬间动词，非延续性动词连用，即瞬间动词，join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out 等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如他参军已经三年了如他参军已经三年了可采用可采用:1）“ago 法法”：He joined the army three years ago.2）“延续法延续法”：He has served in the army for three years.He has been a soldier for 3 years.He has been in the army for 3 years.3）“since 法法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.翻译：他和玛丽结婚已经三年了翻译：他和玛丽结婚已经三年了延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：结婚结婚 marry-be married 借借 borrow-keep;买买 buy-have 离开离开 leave-be away死亡死亡 die-be dead;结束结束 finish end stop-be over生病生病 fall ill-be ill；起床起床 get up-be up；感冒感冒 catch get a cold-have a cold；来来/去去 come/go here-be here/there；成为成为 become-be；回来回来 come back-be back；睡着睡着 fall asleep-be asleep；到达到达 get to/arrive/reach-be(in)；认识认识 get to know-know；出去出去 go(get)out-be out；穿穿 put on-wear；去国外去国外 go abroad-be abroad;醒醒 wake up-be awake 关闭关闭 turn off-be off 打开打开 turn on-be on 动身动身 leave for-be off for 睡觉睡觉 go to sleep-be asleep 打开打开/关闭关闭 open/close sth-keep sth open/closed；参加参加 join-be in+组织机构或组织机构或 be a member of+组织机构；组织机构；上学上学 go to school-be in schoolbe a student;交朋友交朋友 make friends with-be friends with6丢失丢失 lose-be lost be missing be gone;失业失业 lose ones job work-be out of work a job 等等 八八过去完成时过去完成时 had done sth 表示表示“过去的过去过去的过去”，必须找过去的时间作为参照点，常见的时间状语有，必须找过去的时间作为参照点，常见的时间状语有 before，by+过去时间过去时间,by the end of+过去时间，过去时间，by the time+过去时间过去时间,by then,until then 等。等。He had learned some English before she came to the institute.He said that he had been abroad for 3 years.By 1998，he had studied French for 2 years.By the end of last year,I had remembered 5000 words.By then he had learned English for 3 years.Until then he had known nothing about it yet.By the time he arrived home,his mother had cooked supper for him.By the time he was 12 years old,he had built a lab for himself.1).表示愿望、打算的词 如：hope,expect,mean,intend,want,wish,suppose 等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had hoped to see more of Shanghai.I had meant to help you,but I was too busy at that moment.2).Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had sb done sth when.;No sooner had sb done sth than.一一 就就 Hardly had I gone out when it began to rain.3)It was the first time(that)sb had done sth 这是某人第几次干某事这是某人第几次干某事 It was the first time he had been to the Great Wall.九九.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 have/has been doing sth(过去过去现在现在将来将来)用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续一去）的动作。例如：He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.It has been raining for two days.十十将来完成时将来完成时 will have done sth By+现在时间 have/has done sth By+过去时间 had done sth By+将来时间 will have done 1).By the year of 2019,we will have entered the university.2).By the time my father comes back,I will have finished the work.比较：By the time my father came back,I had finished the work.By now,I have finished 5000 English words.十一十一.易混时态的区别易混时态的区别1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别问题一般过去时与现在完成时的区别问题这两个时态的动作都发生在过去，但现在完成时着重说明的是这个过去发生的动作7同现在的关系、对现在产生的结果或影响等，所以，它不能和表示过去时间的状语连用；而一般过去时只着重说明这个动作是在过去某时发生的，并不表示这个过去的动作同现在的关系，更谈不上什么结果和影响，所以，它可以和表示过去时间的状语连用。例如：(1)I lived in Beijing for five years between 1991 and 1996.(2)I have lived in Beijing for 5 years so far.典型例题 1-Nice to see you back!How long _ you _ in Russia?-4 months.A.did;stay B.have;stayed C.have;been staying D.do;stay典型例题 2-Have you graduated from Beijing University?-Yes.I _ there for 4 years.A.have studied B.studied C.had studied D.have been studying 参考答案：AB2.一般过去时与过去完成时的区别问题一般过去时与过去完成时的区别问题这两个时态都和现在没有关系，都表示过去的动作。但一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去一般过去时只涉及一个纯过去的动作；而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间，更早发生的动作。即过去完的动作；而过去完成时指的是相对于过去的某一特定时间，更早发生的动作。即过去完成时至少涉及两个动作。成时至少涉及两个动作。以下几个例句均是过去完成时的典型句例。When I got to the party,many of them had left for home.When he was ready to hand in his test paper,the teacher had left.The tickets for the fashion show had been sold out before I heard about it.典型例题 1-Was Tom there when you arrived?-Yes,but he _ home soon afterwards.A.had gone B.has gone C.is going D.went 典型例题 2 The traffic accident wouldnt have happened yesterday,but the driver _ really careless.A.had been B.is C.were D.was 典型例题 3-The returned Chinese scholar has become one of the top experts in this field.-Yes.I know him very well.He _ in Africa with wild animals for eight years.A.has worked B.had worked C.worked D.has been working 参考答案：DDC 3.一般现在时与现在进行时的区别问题一般现在时与现在进行时的区别问题 尽管两个时态所表示的动作都发生在现在，但是一般现在时强调的是一种“常态”，一种没有时间阶段特征的、稳定的状态。而现在进行时则表示的是现在所处的状态，不能保证过去是否这样，也不能保证以后怎样，有明显的阶段性。例如：I work in New York.我在纽约工作。（表示我的固定工作地点就是纽约。）I am working in New York.我正在纽约工作。（表示这一段时间，我在纽约上班。8可能听话人知道说话人以前并不在那里工作。而说话人本人对以后的工作地点也没有把握。）典型例题 1 I _ ping-pang quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.A.played B.will play C.have played D.play 典型例题 2-Your son looks too thin for his age.-He could have gained more weight.But he _ much.A.isnt eating B.doesnt eat C.havent eaten D.hadnt eaten 参考答案：DB4.一般过去时与过去进行时的区别问题一般过去时与过去进行时的区别问题尽管二者所表示的动作都发生在过去，但一般过去时着重强调汇报过去做过什么事一般过去时着重强调汇报过去做过什么事情，是有结果的情，是有结果的。而过去进行时仅表示过去某一点时间上，一个动作正在进行，有什么过去进行时仅表示过去某一点时间上，一个动作正在进行，有什么样的结果不得而知样的结果不得而知。例如：Tyson wrote three letters last night.(表示太森写了三封信，暗指都已写完。)Tyson was writing a letter last night.(表示我只是见他写信来着，其他就不知道了。)典型例题 1 The reporter said that the UFO _ east to west when he saw it.A.was traveling B.traveled C.had been traveling D.was to travel 典型例题 2-Has your brother finished with that book?-I have no idea.He _ it last night.A.read B.was reading C.have read D.had been read 参考答案：AB 5.5.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别问题现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别问题have done 与 have been doing 看起来差不多，其实，他们的侧重点不一样。现在完成时侧重指已有的结果或已有的影响；而现在完成进行时则强调过程。例如：I have repaired your car.（强调你的车修好了，你可以开走了。）I have been repairing your car.(强调我一直在给你修车，所以很累或没做其他事。)典型例题-You havent finished your homework yet,havent you?-No,I _ it the whole morning.A.have been doing B.have done C.had done D.did参考答案：A 6.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别过去完成时与现在完成时的区别这两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同这两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用，但现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在现在有关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语）过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语）。比较下面的说法：。比较下面的说法：She had been ill for a week before she came back.(“回来”发生在过去某一时间，“生病”发生在这一时间之前，即过去的过去。)She has been ill for a week.(现在仍然病着)9十二十二.动词时态的呼应动词时态的呼应1.主句是一般将来时主句是一般将来时,由由 when，after,before,as soon as,the minute,whenever 等引导等引导的时间状语和由的时间状语和由 if,unless,so long as,once 等引导的条件状