完整虚拟语气用法表格模板格归纳图.doc

精心整理第四章虚拟语气（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中的用法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）表示于现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主语+动词的过去式（be用were）IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthemeeting.主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+动词原型表示与过去事实相反的拟条件句If+主语+had+动词的过去分词Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhavecaughtthetrain.主语+would（shouldcouldmight）+have+动词的过去分词表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句1、If+主语+动词过去式2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形3、If+主语+should+动词原形IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.主语+would（couldshouldmight）+动词原型错综时间条件句主从句时间不一致的情况下的虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.含蓄条件句有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise，or，without，butfor）上下文或其他方式来表示。Shewouldhavediedwithoutmyhelp.。条件从句中省略if采用倒装语序的情况在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省去，而将had，should，were等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句：1:Ifshewereyounger,she,woulddoit.去if：Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.2:Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.去if:Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim3:Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.去if:Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.虚拟语气在asif/asthough引导的方式状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.3 表示与将来事实相反，(表示将来的可能性不大),用would(might,could)+动词原形Heactsasifhecouldwininthegame.注意：1.在asif/asthough句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例：Helooksasifhegoingtobeill.2.asthough或asif引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在lest，forfearthat，sothat及inorderthat引导的目的状语从句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成Forfearthatitmayraintomorrow,weshouldbringanumbrella.“Incase”引导的从句中即可用陈述句，也可以用虚拟语气（should）+动词原型例：1.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseit(should)snow.2.Thegamewillbeputoffincaseitsnows.（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。Iwish(that)Iwereabird.对过去情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去完成时，或would，could，might+现在完成时。Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气，“should”常被省略。Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.常用的此类动词有：表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose,suggest,recommend,advise.表示“要求”的：ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide,order注意：suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。Thesmileonhisfacesuggested(暗示）thathewassatisfiedwithourwork.Themaninsisted【坚持认为】thathehadneverstolenthemoney.Wouldrather，hadrather，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.注意：1.若某人愿自己做某事，wouldrather后用动词原型2.wouldrather.than中用动词原型Iwouldratherdoitbymyself.I?would?rather?watchTVathome?than?gotothecinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气“Itis(was)+形容词（或过去分词）+that.”结构中的虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原形或省略shouldItsquitenecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.常用的形容词：natural，appropriate，advisable，necessary，important，urgent，probable，possible，desirable，strange。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：Idontthinkitadvisablethattombeassignedtothejobsincehehasnoexperience.(汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).在“Itis(was)+名词+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。Itsapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.这类名词有：advice，decision，desire，demand，idea，order，pity，proposal，recommendation，suggestion，surprise，wish，wonder等。二表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气某些表示建议，请求，命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.这类名词常见的有：demand，desire，requirement，advice，recommendation，suggestion，order，necessity，proposal，plan，idea。在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候了”其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.注意：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.二选择题1.Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie2.HowIwisheveryfamily_alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotiredA.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot4._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridgeA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will5.Isuggestedtheperson_tobeputintoprisonA.refersB.referringC.referredD.refer6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken7.Iinsisted_toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing_wrongwithhimA.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is8.-Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday-Ihadrathershe_metomorrowthantodayA.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold9.-Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible-Yes,butI_busydoingmyhomeworkA.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbe10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI_thesportsmeetA.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin11._theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyA.HaditnotbeenforB.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor12.Ifmylawyer_herelastSunday,he_mefromgoingA.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldpreventC.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented13._hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamA.IfheweretoworkB.HadheworkedC.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork14._today,hewouldgettherebyFridayA.WerehetoleaveB.IfhehadleftC.DidhetoleaveD.Hadheleft15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_allrightnowA.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascomeB.didcomeC.comeD.hadcome17.He_busyyesterday,orhe_youwithyourexperiment.A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelpedC.hadbeen,wouldhavehelpedD.were,wouldhavehelped18.Ifit_forthesnow,we_themountainyesterdayA.werenot,couldhaveclimbB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadntbeen,couldclimb19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife_quitedifficulttodayA.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe20.-Iamgoingtotellherthenews-Iwouldassoonyou_heraboutitA.didnttellB.donttellC.hadnttellD.wonttell21.Mikesfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe_homeA.stayedB.couldstayC.hasstayedD.stay22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay_againA.shouldputonB.wouldputonC.beputonD.puton23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_immediatelyA.hadsentforB.sendC.besentforD.wassent24.-Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness-Yes,but_itA.IdrathernotdoB.IdrathernothavedoneC.IshouldtdoD.Idbetternotdo25.IfonlyI_mycarA.hadntlostB.wouldntloseC.didntloseD.haventlost26.Butforwater,it_impossibletoliveintheearthA.isB.wouldC.wereD.wouldntbe27.Iwouldratheryou_anythingaboutitforthetimebeingA.doB.didntdoC.dontD.didnt28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe_theirownsonA.isB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey_youngoncemoreA.wereB.couldbecomeC.hadbeenD.shouldbe30.Itishightimethatwe_ameetingtodiscussthisproblemA.holdB.heldC.haveheldD.hadheld31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes_he_dyingA.evenif,wasB.though,wouldbeC.even,hadbeenD.asif,were32.Iwishthatyou_suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcertA.hadnotB.didnothavehadC.hadnthadD.hadnthave33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe_thequestionagainA.willdiscussB.todiscussC.shoulddiscussD.willbediscussed34.Herequestedthatthestudents_themgetincropsA.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helping35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_therulesA.obeysB.ObeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey36.IwishI_herethenA.wasB.hadbeenC.wereD.wouldbe37.Itisstrangethathe_backsoearlyA.cameB.willcomeC.hadcomeD.shouldhavecome38.MothersuggestedthatI_myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTVA.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedone39.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting_offtillnestSundayA.beputB.putC.shouldputD.hadbeenput40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_thereA.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.been41.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_beforeelevenA.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished42.-Sorry,Joe.Ididnotmeanto-Dontcallme“Joe”,IamMr.Parkertoyou,and_youforgetit!A.doB.didntC.didD.dont43.IdidnotattendthelecturebyPro.Jackson.I_butI_allthismorningA.would,havewashedB.could,havebeenwashingC.wouldhave,havebeenwashingD.couldhave,hadwashing44.HowIwishI_torepairthewatch!IonlymadeitworseA.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.havetriedD.didnttry45.-HowcouldIthankyouenough?-Dontmentionit.Anyotherman_itA.mustdoB.coulddoC.wouldhavedoneD.shouldhavedone46.KeyEuropeangovernmentsinsistIraqsco-operation_goodandmilitaryaction_toallowinspectionstocontinueA.be,bedelayedB.is,delayC.shouldbe,bedelayedD.is,bedelayed47.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,_moredeathsA.itwouldhavebeenB.itwouldbeC.therewouldbeD.therewouldhavebeen48.Whatthecustomers_fromthecompanyisthatthegoods_righttotheirhomes.A.requested,deliverB.demand,bedeliveredC.request,shoulddeliverD.demand,delivered49.Iflaw-breakers_thesocietywillbeindisorderA.madeunpunishedB.cameunpunishedC.wentunpunishedD.notpunished50.Wetookataxitotheairport.Otherwisewe_lateA.wouldbeB.wereC.willbeD.wouldhavebeen51.Supposinghenever_,whatwouldhappenthenA.comeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.willcome52.Whatdoyouthinkhisproposalthatwe_aplayattheEnglishmeetingA.hadputonB.shouldputonC.haveputonD.willputon53.Ihopethatyou_rightA.willbeB.shouldbeC.wereD.wouldbe54.Asyouknow,Iamadisabledman,butIwouldbehappyifI_ofservicetoyouA.amB.havebeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe55.Heinsistedthatwe_earlythenextmorningA.startB.startedC.wouldstartD.hadstarted56.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrotherA.hascomeB.didcomeC.hadcomeD.came57.We_lastnight,butwewenttothecinemainsteadA.musthavestudiedB.mightstudyC.wouldstudyD.wouldhavestudied58.Ifit_thesnow,we_theSimianMountainlastweekA.werenot,couldhaveclimbedB.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadnotbeen,couldclimb答案1-10CBDBCCCBAA11-20DABACDBCDA21-30DCCBACBBAB31-40DCCABBDBAA41-50CDCBCDDBCD51-58BBAAACDC