西北大学专硕英语复习资料(精心整理版).doc

Unit 1
Excuse Notes

Word Bank
anthology: n. a collection of artistic works which have a similar form or subject, often those considered to be the best 诗选/文选
attest :v. to show sth. or to say or prove that sth. is true 证明
choke: v. to stop breathing 窒息，哽住
devilment : n. behavior that causes trouble but is usually intended to be playful or amusing 恶作剧
distribute: v. to give sth. out to several people, or to spread or supply sth. 分发，发送
epiphany: n. understanding 理解
forge: v. to make an illegal copy of sth. in order to deceive 伪造，铸造
gem: n. sb. or sth. that is very good, pleasing or useful 精品，非常有用的人
genuine: adj. sth. genuine is what it seems to be; real 真的
lucid: adj. clearly expressed and easy to understand or (of a person) thinking or speaking clearly 易懂的，明白的，清醒的
omit: v. to fail to include or do sth. 省略，疏忽
plight: n. an unpleasant condition, especially a serious, sad or difficult one 处境，状态
seduction: n. the attractive quality of sth. 诱惑
superintendent: n. people who is in charge of work done in a particular department, office, etc. 主管，负责人
treason: n. lack of loyalty to one’s country, especially by helping its enemies or attempting to defeat its government 通敌，叛国罪
vulgar: adj. rude and likely to upset or anger people 无理的，粗俗的
Phrases and Expressions
be evicted from: to be forced to leave somewhere 驱逐，赶走
be worth of: deserving respect, admiration or support 值得的
glance at: to give a quick short look 一瞥
turn into: to change into 进入，（使）变成
Vocabulary
I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.
1. A number of __D___ works of art have been sold as genuine.
A. false B. beautiful C. famous D. forged
2. To ___B__ one’s power is to commit a crime and eventually end up in jail.
A. accuse B. abuse C. deduce D. excuse
3. Seeing the speeding car, the policeman __B__ the driver to pull up at the curb.
A. reckoned B. beckoned C. softened D. stiffened
4. Unfortunately, he hit a traffic jam and missed the train __B___ a few minutes.
A. with B. by C. before D. for
5. She gave a clear and __A___ account of her plans for the company's future.
A. lucid B. dull C. unclear D. ambiguous

6. Isn't it rather __C___ to talk about how much money you earn?
A. polite B. boring C. vulgar D. pleasant
7. The books will be __D___ free to local schools.
A. contributed B. tribute C. attributed D. distributed
8. The editor required him to __A___ some details of the article.
A. omit B. permit C. summit D. illuminate
9. Few of us can be unmoved by the __C___ of the Romanian orphans.
A. light B. might C. plight D. moonlight
10. I have to __B___ my reputation.
A. detect B. protect C. intact D. prevent

Translation
Put the following paragraphs into Chinese.
1. Most parental-excuse notes I received back in those days were penned by my students. They'd been forging excuse notes since they learned to write, and if I were to confront each forger I'd be busy 24 hours a day.
2. My heart sank as the principal entered, along with the superintendent of schools. Neither acknowledged me. They walked up and down, peering at papers. The superintendent picked one up, showed it to the principal.
3. Sooner or later, I figured, everyone needed an excuse. Also, if we sang today we could sing tomorrow, and why not? You don’t need an excuse for singing.
参考译文：1.我每天收到以父母名义写的请假条，很多是学生自己写的。自从他们学会写作之日起，就开始编假请假条。如果我要是一一追究，那好，简直一天24小时都闲不下来。
2.当校长和学监走进来时，我的心直往下沉。他们都没和我打招呼，径直走到学生面前，盯着看学生的作文。学监拿了一份给校长看。
3.我悟出，总有一天，人人需要借口。如果我们今天唱歌，明天照样可以唱，为什么不呢？高兴的时候哼哼小调需要借口吗？

Exercise
Put the verbs in brackets into appropriate verb forms.
1. If winter comes(come), can spring be far behind?
2. Scientists proved that the earth is(be) 49 times the size of the moon.
3. Some young expats fear that they will fall(fall) back into an old rut if they go home.
4. The leader recently declared that the mandate would allow(allow) more pupils to jump
ship in the next few days.
5. The telephone is ringing(ring), would you answer it please?
6. Human resources will achieve maximum productivity only when they have(have)access to appropriate types of physical resources.
7. Please don't come at four o'clock this afternoon, I will be having(have) a meeting then.
8. While the children were playing in the shade, their parents were working(work) in the scorching sun.
9. Wherever he travelled in those years, he wrote(write)down what he saw and heard.
10. Look at those black clouds. it is going to rain(rain).

Exercise
Turn the following sentences into Chinese.
1. There is absolutely no such thing as love or hatred without any reason or cause.
2. Actions speak louder than words.
3. Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder
4. Admission by valid tickets only!
5. It is but a step from the sublime to the ridiculous.
参考译文：
1.世上没有无缘无故的爱，也没有无缘无故的恨。
2.事实胜于雄辩。
3.情人眼里出西施。
4.凭票入内！
5.从崇高到荒谬只有一步之遥。

Bonus
Below are some expressions about fine arts.
backward inference 逆向推理
biological rhythm 生物节律
classical conditioning 经典条件反射
introspection 反省
associative memory 联想记忆
attribution process 归因历程
depth perception 深度知觉
hierarchy of needs 人类需求层构
mental defense mechanism 心理防卫机制
placebo effect 安慰剂效应
Unit 2
Men V.S. (against) Women男女有别
Word Bank
(assist=help) assistance: n. aid帮助，协助; first aid急救
associate (~ A with B= relate A to B): 1) n.a companion (=company伙伴/ 公司; accompany sb. to somewhere); 1)n. a partner合伙人 2)v. to connect in the mind or imagination联想; 3)a. 副 ~ professor副教授
disengage: v. to release (oneself) from an engagement, pledge, or obligation解脱，解放; be oblighed (#forced) to do sth.不得不做某事；be ~in sth.参与某事
(attract<->) distract (->distraction干扰): v. to cause to turn away from the original focus of attention or interest分散，转移
(move->motion/ motion picture=film/ movie) emotionally: adv. related to emotion情绪上地
fade: v. to lose strength or vitality (energy)衰退
forgetful: adj. tending or likely (possible) to forget健忘; forgetable<->unforgetable
(frict: vt.) friction: n. conflict, as between persons having dissimilar ideas or interests矛盾
Ignore (->ignorant->ignorance): v. to refuse to pay attention to不理睬，忽视
(instinct: n.-> instinctive; a.->) instinctively: adv. relating to, or resulting from instinct本能地
Mars: n. the fourth planet from the sun火星；~ Square战神广场
(mall购物广场#) mull: v. to go over extensively in the mind思虑; (neglegence->neglegeble) neglect: v. to pay little or no attention to忽视，疏忽
overwhelm (overcome/ defeat): v. to overpower the thoughts, emotions, or senses (=reason) of制服，控制
preoccupy: v. to engross the thoughts or mind of使全神贯注，迷住; enable; encourage鼓励
(at random=) randomly: adv. of no specific order or pattern随意，任意地
(resent: vt.) resentment: n. anger, bitterness怨恨，愤恨
(lose one’s temper发火->temporary) temporarily: adv. of a short period of time暂时，临时地
(tense->) tension: n. a situation or condition of (host<->hstess->hostile->) hostility suspense, or [easy#ease: 1. n./ 2. vt. to ease the pain； make you at ~=make you at home; feel/ be at ease很自在/ 很舒服) uneasiness (unconfortableness/ nervousness)紧张局势
(response: n. respond: vi. ->responsive->) unresponsive: adj. exhibiting a lack of responsiveness迟钝的
[wind: 1. n.->windy; 2. vt. to ~ the clock; 3. vi. ~ road] unwind: v. to make or become relaxed放松，释放
Venus: n. the second planet from the sun金星
withdraw：v. to retire or retreat撤离，撤退

Phrases and Expressions
be associated with: to be connected with与…有关
cope with: to deal with妥善处理，有效地对付
fade into: to disappear into消失于…
focus on: to concentrate on聚焦
mull over (=think over): to reflect deeply on琢磨，反复考虑
persist in (sth./ doing sth.)= insist on (sth./ doing sth.): to continue doing (same) sth.[=continue to do sth. else]坚持，固执于…
Vocabulary
I. Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.
1. He was __C___ with gratitude (n. thankfulness) to Professor Brown for helping him.
A. excited B. concerned (worried) C. overwhelmed (occupied) D. interested
2. The ___B__ between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits has been greatly relaxed.
A. (intend->) intention B. tension C. tense D. attention
3. The scholarship helped Martin to tide over (go through/ overcome) a __A__ embarrassment.
A. temporary B. contemporary(同时代/ 当代的)
C. temporal(temporal) D. tempting (attract)
4. We should enhance (strong->strength->strengthen) people's __D___ that caring for the aged is the traditional virtue (品质、道德) of Chinese culture.
A. excitement B. knowledge C. understanding D. awareness (idea/ ideology意识形态)
5. I don't grudge (scorn/ look down upon蔑视/ accept) him his success, that is (i.e./ namely也就是说), I admit he __C___ it.
A. (Indian) preserves (n预留) B. conserves (保护)
C. deserves (该得到) D. reserves (保留/ 含蓄)
6. While （Although） people traditionally __C___ caring, sharing and (generous->慷慨大度) generosity in life and work, modern people seem to be more self-absorbing and self-concerned (=selfish).
A. value B. regard (=consider: vt.)
C. prioritize(优先考虑) D. (commodity日用品->)commoditize (to market as a product vt. 使商品化)
7. You can't regard him as a friend but (excerpt) a business __B___.
A. (relate A to B->) relative B. associate (colleague)
C. comrade同志 D. (speak->spoke->spoken->) spokesman发言人
8. I will calm (a./vt.平静) down and seriously ___A__ over my work and teaching methodology in order to take them to a new level (水平/ 高度).
A. mull B. mumble
C. mute (quiet) D. mock (=laugh at/ ridicule)
9. I'm in a puzzle as to (about/ as far as something is concerned就…而言) how to ___D__ the new situation (处境).
A. figure out (=work out)
B. lie (位于/ 存在于…) with (together with与…在一起)
C. work on 在做…
D. cope with处理/ 对付
10. Leaders who ___A__ education are neither far-sighted (远见) nor mature (成熟), and they are therefore (因此) unable to lead the drive (desire/ motivation) for (modern->modernize->) modernization.
A. neglect B. omit
C. respect (尊敬) D. avoid
Translation
Put the following paragraphs into Chinese.

When a woman is stressed she instinctively feels a need to talk about her feelings and all the possible problems that are associated with her feelings. When she begins talking she does not prioritize the significance of any problem. If she is upset, then she is upset about it all, (no mater it is) big and small. She is not immediately concerned with finding solutions to her problems but rather seeks relief by expressing herself and being understood. By randomly talking about her problems, she becomes less upset.
参考译文：女人有压力时，会直觉地需要找人谈自己的感受以及所有可能与之相关的问题。她一旦开始谈论，就不会顾虑到问题的优先顺序。而她一难过，不论大大小小的事都让她沮丧不已。她并不急于马上寻求解答，而宁可通过倾诉自我，获得理解来取得纾解。通过随意倾诉自己的问题，她会感觉好受一点。

Exercise
Turn the following sentences into Chinese.

1. The improbable (pregnant) pregnancy was (some/ a pieces of) big news for the woman's family.
2. In reality, I am a great (admire) admirer of Maya.
3. Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again,
by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.
4. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.
5. That day he was up before sunrise (sunrise: n./ vi.<-> sunset: n./ vi.).

参考译文：
1. 她竟然能怀孕，对她的家庭来说可是一条特大消息。
2. 事实上我对玛雅人佩服得五体投地。
3. 卡列斯尔大街往西伸展，越过一座黑色的大桥，爬下山岗又爬了上去，经过许多小铺和肉市，又经过一些平房，然后突然冲着一大片绿色草地中止了。
4. 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是一个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。
5. 那天他在日出以前就起来了。

Bonus
Below are some expressions about fine arts.
(symbolize->) symbolism象征主义
impressionism印象主义
expressionism表现主义
Art Nouveau (Nouva)新艺术主义
surrealism超现实主义
(nature->natural->) naturalism自然主义
abstract art抽象主义
(cube) cubism立体派，立体主义; cubic meter立方米；square meter平方米
fauvism野兽派
Baroque巴洛克式
Unit 3
Language Learning

Word Bank
align: v. to fall into a line成一条线
ambitious adj. full of ambition; greatly (desire->) desirous; eager; requiring; challenging雄心勃勃的
bottleneck n. the narrow part of a bottle near the top瓶颈
(Certificate->) certify (=prove): v. to confirm; (quantity<->quality->)qualify确认
cohort: n. a group of people一群人; a crowd of people; gang/ band
concrete: 1.adj. actual; specific; real具体的; 2. n. (cement)混凝土
cosmopolitan: world; international: adj.世界的，国际的
curriculum: n. courses offered by an educational institution全部课程
dual: adj. double成双的
elementary (primary): adj. fundamental; basic基础的; chemical~化学元素; elementary (primary)school小学
enroll (enlist): v. to enter or register in a roll征兵，招生; enable sb. to do sth.
(execute->)executive: 1.adj. carrying out or executing; (administrate->) administrative; (manage->manager->) managerial执行的，行政的; 2. 首席执行(CEO)
flagship : n. the chief one of a related group王牌，旗舰
geometry: n. one branch of mathematics几何学
(immerse->) immersion: n. covering with water; (submerge->) submerging it浸没; sub-/ sup-: under, e.g. submarine潜水艇;
(indicate=imply->implication) indicative: adj. suggestive指示性的，象征性的
initiate: v. to begin; start首创, 开始
jointly: adv. in common; together共同地，联合地; join in加入
launch: v. to set going; initiate发动，发射
lottery: n. a selection made by lot from a number of applicants or competitors抓阄法，彩票； draw lots抽签
notion: n. a belief or opinion思想，概念 concept/ idea
paste: v. to adhere粘贴
pipeline: n. a direct channel渠道，管道; smoke a pipe抽烟斗
placement: n. assignment; arrangement布置，编排；place=put；placement test=streaming test分班考试
proponent: n. advocate (n./ vt.); supporter倡导者; pro-: 1. forward; 2. officially
recruit: v. to enroll; to enlist征募，招收
secondary: adj. not primary; minor; lesser第二的，次等的; secondary school中专/ 中学; high school
stint: n. task; limitation; restriction定额，限制
(substance->) substantial: adj. material; true or real; ample (enough); (consider->) considerable物质的，真实的，相当多的a substantial meal丰盛的饭
triangle: n. the plane figure formed by connecting three points三角形；tri-：
underwrite: v. to assume (=take responsibility) financial responsibility for同意承担的…费用
(virtue->) virtually: adv. in fact; practically; nearly; almost实际上，几乎；virtual：adj. 1.虚拟的2. 实际的3.道德的

Phrases and Expressions
be in a position: be able to能够; be ready to do sth./ be willing to do sth.; pose->posing picture
come by: to gain; to acquire/ get 获得
from scratch: from the very beginning 从头开始，
(give sb. a hand=) give sb. a leg up: to help improve the situation of帮某人改善状况
(respond->) in response to: in answer to回应，响应
take off: to achieve wide use or popularity广泛使用，大受欢迎; put on<->take off. E.g. ~one’s clothes; the plane will soon ~.
(on the way#) under way: in operation; in progress进行中，启动; a bridge under building正在建设中的桥梁
Vocabulary
I . Choose the answer that best completes each sentence.
1. Thomas holds a belief (=believes) in the ___A__ nature of reality. [believe sb.相信某人的话；believe in sb.=trust sb.信赖某人; believe in sth.持有某种信仰]
A. dual B. both
C. either D. twin (孪生子)
2. I think that the Christian baptism (洗礼) is by complete ___B__ of the person in water.
A. (immense巨大的->) immensity
B. immersion
C. immorality不道德 [immortal不朽]
D. immaturity不成熟
3. Man