【资料】初中非谓语动词讲解及练习.doc

非谓语动词讲解及练习
一、什么是非谓语动词？
非谓语动词：就是不能做谓语的动词形式。主要是动词不定式和动名词。
二、主要形式：1.动词不定式：to+动词原型
2.动名词：动词+ing.
当然，情态动词can,must,may，系动词be，助动词be,do,does也不是能单独做谓语，单独时也是非谓语动词。
三、用法
在一个句子中，只有一个谓语动词，但是如果一个句子中出现多个动词时怎么办呢，如, I want to stop having a rest.我想停止休息。I want to stiop to have a rest.我想停下来，去休息。这两个句子中就出现了want stop have三个动词，那这就需要只能保留一个谓语动词want. 那就在stop前加to ，在have前加to或have后去e加ing，这就把stop和have变成非谓语动词了。
至于哪些动词后喜欢加动词不定式哪些词后喜欢加动名词，在这儿说几个重点的特别的动词用法：
1、使役动词let，make, have后喜欢跟不带to的动词不定式，也就是动词原形,如： Let’s play soccer.
2、感官动词 see, watch, , notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do（ 也就是说这几个词后跟动词不定式时，喜欢把to去了） 表示动作的完整性，真实性；当然这几个词后也能+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性。
3、help这个词后接动词不定式时，to可要可不要。但要注意help和with构成短语时即help...with..时，with后要接动名词，因为with是介词。help+人+with sth /doing sth.
4、 want、ask、decide 、hope后喜欢加动词不定式。常见的有：
want to do sth.        want sb. to do sth      ask  sb. to do sth.  decide to do sth 
love to do sth.       learn to do sth.  begin to do sth       
would like to do sth   would like sb. to do sth.         .   
It’s time to do sth. something to eat.    I have many things to do.
5、 enjoy,、practise、finish、 mind、spend后喜欢接动名词。
注：再就是do some doing, go doing 句型
如： do some cooking/cleaning/reading      go swimming/boating/shopping/fishing
6、 有些动词如stop、forget、remember、regret、like等后可接不定式和动名词，可接不定式或动名词时，意思差别很大。如：
I must remember to post the letter.我必须记着要发信。(信还未寄出)
I remember posting the letter.我记得发了信了。(信已寄出)
I like swimming.(喜欢游泳这项运动)
I like to swim this Friday.(喜欢在星期五去游泳这一具体动作)
I want to stop having a rest.我想停止休息(是指不休息了)。
I want to stop to have a rest.我想停下来，去休息。（是指停止工作，去休息）
注： 1、介词后接动词时一定用ing形式， 如：be good at swimming, help kids with singing,
How/What about doing sth.?    be good at doing sth.    thank you for doing sth.
2、动名词做主语和表语 例如:
Swimming is my favorite sport. My favorite sport is swimming.
3. 祈使句中的动词用原形  例如: Come here.  Don‘t go there.
6

非谓语动词讲解及练习
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空.
1.  I want ___________ ( be ) a teacher.
2.  He begins ____________( have ) his classes at 7:30.
3.  We go _____________( have ) sports every morning.
4.  Uncle Wang loves _____________ ( make ) things.
5.  He is learning _____________ ( write ) in Chinese.
6.  Would you like something _____________ ( eat )?
7.  Miss Gao likes us _____( speak ) English every day.
8.  Miss Gao asks us ___ _ ( speak ) English every day.
9.  It’s time _____________ ( get ) up.
10. You have much homework __________ ( do ) today.
11. How/What about ____________ (go ) out for supper?
12. Meimei is good at ______________ ( swim ).
13. Thank you for ____________ ( help ) me.
14. Do you like ____________ ( watch ) TV?
15. I usually do some __________ ( clean ) on Sundays
16. Would you like ______( go ) ____ ( swim ) with me?
17. _________( come )and _______ ( help ) me, please.
18. Let him ___________ ( have ) a try.
19. Jim often helps the old man _______ ( carry ) water.
20. She decided______________ to Guangzhou. (go)
21. They asked me _ _with them last Sunday.  ( go, shop )
22. Do you mind ___________ (smoke ) here?
23. He practices _________the guitar on Sunday . ( play)
24. Mother made me __ _(clean ) the house last weekend
25. I enjoy ________( read)  the article in the magazine.
26. She spends an hour ___________(talk) on the phone.
27. My sister saw a cat ____________(play) with a ball.
28. I often hear a girl ________( sing ) in the next room.
29. You can find people ___________(eat) hamburgers
 in the restaurant.
30. Tom was tired . So he stopped ________( work).
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.I really hope _______(meet) her
2.Listen! Who ________ (talk) with your parents?
3.Lucy ________ ( not dance ) on Wednesday. She dances on Friday.
4.He wants ________ (be) a teacher.
5.Everyone ____(say) she is a good shop assistant.
6.Can she _________ (sing) in English?
7. Between the bed and the table _____(be) a ball.
8. Let’s _______( go ) ________( shop).
9 .Mr Green with his friends _ ( have ) dinner now.
10.I spent two hours ______ (do) my homework yesterday morning.
11.It’s 6:30. My brother ________ (see) a movie.
12.We have fun _______ (learn) English this term.
13. Do you enjoy______(listen) music?
14. Where ______ Mr. Green ______ (live) ?
He ______ in London.
15._____ you ____ (clean) your bedroom? No, I’m not.
16. Let me ________(have) a look .
17.Let’s _________(play) tennis !
18._______ he _______(like) English ?
19. Don’t make that boy _____(stand) outside the door.
20. He ______ (not know ) the teacher’s name last term.
21.Nice_________(meet) you !
22It was rainy.Mr.Tan asked me _ ( stop) ______(work)
23. _______(sit) down and _______(have) a cup of tea .
24. ________ (not look) at your book !
25.I need ________(buy ) some new clothes .
26.She likes _________ (play) chess .
27.It’s time _________ (play) games .
28.You can _________ (be) a good student .
29.People usually______(eat) dinner in the evening .
30.Tom likes __ (play) chess with Li Lei on weekends .
31.Who              (teach) you English in your school?
32.I don’t like the movie. It’s __________(born).
33._____(not look) at the pictures. _____ (listen) to me.
34.The teacher is coming.Please stop ____( talk).
35.Sam _________(not like) playing computer games.
36.The beautiful girl __________(wear) glasses.
37.Everyone in our class ________(like) P.E. a lot.
38. Many of them _ (work) hard at their lessons last year.
39. I want ___________(be) friends with you.
40.Can you _______(finish) ______(do) homework before 9:00 pm?
41.He ________(not do) his homework every evening.
42.Would you like _______(have) dinner with us?
43. _______(be ) quiet, please!
44. Do you remember __ (meet) him? He’s Tom Smith.
45.Is she __________(like) his brother?
46.Aren’t you _________(listen) to English?
47. The floor needs ________ (clean).
48. ______your parents _______( do ) sports yesterday?
49.Please tell her ______(not come) here.
50.Thank you for _______( give) me too much help.
二、单选：
1. Most people ____ TV.
A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy watch
C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watching
2. The news ______him ______ sad.
A. made, feel B. made, to feel.
C. make, feel D. makes, to feel
3. Father ____ his cap and went out.
A. put on B. puts on C. wears D. wore
4. Nobody ____ the answer.
A. knowed B. knew C. didn’t know D. are knowing
5. Old Henry watched his dog _______ with a cat.
A. play B. plays C. to play D. played.
6. Betty ____ morning exercises yesterday.
A. not did B. don't do C. didn’t do D. doesn’t do
7. He’s busy ______ a story.
A. writing B. write C. writes D. wrote
8. We often practice ______ English.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoke
9. Do you mind ____ here?
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke
10. West Lake is a good place _____ fun.
A. to have B. have C. has
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空.
A、1.  I want ___________ ( be ) a teacher.
2.  He begins ____________( have ) his classes at 7:30.
3.  We go _____________( have ) sports every morning.
4.  Uncle Wang loves _____________ ( make ) things.
5.  He is learning _____________ ( write ) in Chinese.
6.  Would you like something _____________ ( eat )?
7.  Miss Gao likes us _____( speak ) English every day.
8.  Miss Gao asks us ___ _ ( speak ) English every day.
9.  It’s time _____________ ( get ) up.
10. You have much homework __________ ( do ) today.
11. How/What about ____________ (go ) out for supper?
12. Meimei is good at ______________ ( swim ).
13. Thank you for ____________ ( help ) me.
14. Do you like ____________ ( watch ) TV?
15. I usually do some __________ ( clean ) on Sundays
16. Would you like ______( go ) ____ ( swim ) with me?
17. _________( come )and _______ ( help ) me, please.
18. Let him ___________ ( have ) a try.
19. Jim often helps the old man _______ ( carry ) water.
20. She decided______________ to Guangzhou. (go)
21. They asked me _ _with them last Sunday.  ( go, shop )
22. Do you mind ___________ (smoke ) here?
23. He practices _________the guitar on Sunday . ( play)
24. Mother made me __ _(clean ) the house last weekend
25. I enjoy ________( read)  the article in the magazine.
26. She spends an hour ___________(talk) on the phone.
27. My sister saw a cat ____________(play) with a ball.
28. I often hear a girl ________( sing ) in the next room.
29. You can find people ___________(eat) hamburgers
 in the restaurant.
30. Tom was tired . So he stopped ________( work).
B、1.I really hope _______(meet) her
2.Listen! Who ________ (talk) with your parents?
3.Lucy ________ ( not dance ) on Wednesday. She dances on Friday.
4.He wants ________ (be) a teacher.
5.Everyone ____(say) she is a good shop assistant.
6.Can she _________ (sing) in English?
7. Between the bed and the table _____(be) a ball.
8. Let’s _______( go ) ________( shop).
9 .Mr Green with his friends _ ( have ) dinner now.
10.I spent two hours ______ (do) my homework yesterday morning.
11.It’s 6:30. My brother ________ (see) a movie.
12.We have fun _______ (learn) English this term.
13. Do you enjoy______(listen) music?
14. Where ______ Mr. Green ______ (live) ?
He ______ in London.
15._____ you ____ (clean) your bedroom? No, I’m not.
16. Let me ________(have) a look .
17.Let’s _________(play) tennis !
18._______ he _______(like) English ?
19. Don’t make that boy _____(stand) outside the door.
20. He ______ (not know ) the teacher’s name last term.
21.Nice_________(meet) you !
22It was rainy.Mr.Tan asked me _ ( stop) ______(work)
23. _______(sit) down and _______(have) a cup of tea .
24. ________ (not look) at your book !
25.I need ________(buy ) some new clothes .
26.She likes _________ (play) chess .
27.It’s time _________ (play) games .
28.You can _________ (be) a good student .
29.People usually______(eat) dinner in the evening .
30.Tom likes __ (play) chess with Li Lei on weekends .
31.Who              (teach) you English in your school?
32.I don’t like the movie. It’s __________(born).
33._____(not look) at the pictures. _____ (listen) to me.
34.The teacher is coming.Please stop ____( talk).
35.Sam _________(not like) playing computer games.
36.The beautiful girl __________(wear) glasses.
37.Everyone in our class ________(like) P.E. a lot.
38. Many of them _ (work) hard at their lessons last year.
39. I want ___________(be) friends with you.
40.Can you _______(finish) ______(do) homework before 9:00 pm?
41.He ________(not do) his homework every evening.
42.Would you like _______(have) dinner with us?
43. _______(be ) quiet, please!
44. Do you remember __ (meet) him? He’s Tom Smith.
45.Is she __________(like) his brother?
46.Aren’t you _________(listen) to English?
47. The floor needs ________ (clean).
48. ______your parents _______( do ) sports yesterday?
49.Please tell her ______(not come) here.
50.Thank you for _______( give) me too much help.
二、单选：
1. Most people ____ TV.
A. enjoy to watch B. enjoy watch
C. enjoy watching D. enjoys watching
2. The news ______him ______ sad.
A. made, feel B. made, to feel.
C. make, feel D. makes, to feel
3. Father ____ his cap and went out.
A. put on B. puts on C. wears D. wore
4. Nobody ____ the answer.
A. knowed B. knew C. didn’t know D. are knowing
5. Old Henry watched his dog _______ with a cat.
A. play B. plays C. to play D. played.
6. Betty ____ morning exercises yesterday.
A. not did B. don't do C. didn’t do D. doesn’t do
7. He’s busy ______ a story.
A. writing B. write C. writes D. wrote
8. We often practice ______ English.
A. speak B. speaking C. spoke
9. Do you mind ____ here?
A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke
10. West Lake is a good place _____ fun.
A. to have B. have C. has

- 高氯酸对阿胶进行湿法消化后, 用导数火焰原子吸收光谱技术测定阿胶中的铜、“中药三大宝, 人参、鹿茸和阿胶。”阿胶的药用已有两千多年的悠久历史, 历代宫① 马作峰.论疲劳源于肝脏[J].广西中医药,2008,31(1):31.① 史丽萍,马东明, 解丽芳等.力竭性运动对小鼠肝脏超微结构及肝糖原、肌糖元含量的影响[J]. 辽宁中医杂志,① 王辉武,吴行明,邓开蓉.《内经》“肝者罢极之本”的临床价值[J] . 成都中医药大学学报,1997,20(2):9.① 杨维益,陈家旭,王天芳等.运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系[J].北京中医药大学学报. 1996,19(1):8.1 运动性疲劳与肝脏① 张俊明.“高效强力饮”增强运动机能的临床[J]．中国运动医学杂志，1989，8（2）：10117 种水解蛋白氨基酸。总含量在56.73%～82.03%。霍光华②采用硝酸-硫酸消化法和18（4）：372-374.1995,206．2② 林华,吕国枫,官德正等. 衰竭运动小鼠肝损伤的实验性[J].天津体育学院党报, 1994,9(4):9-11.② 凌家杰.肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈[J].湖南中医学院学报.2003，2（6）31.② 凌家杰.肝与运动性疲劳关系浅谈[J].湖南中医学院学报.2003，23（6）：31.② 谢敏豪等.训练结合用中药补剂强力宝对小鼠游泳耐力与肌肉和肝Gn, LDH 和MDH 的影响[J]．中国运动医学杂② 杨维益,陈家旭,王天芳等.运动性疲劳与中医肝脏的关系[J].北京中医药大学学报. 1996,19(1):8.2.1 中药复方2.2 单味药33 阿胶和复方阿胶浆③ 常世和等.参宝片对机体机能影响的[J].中国运动医学杂志，1991，10（1）：49.③ 聂晓莉，李晓勇等.慢性疲劳大鼠模型的建立及其对肝功能的影响[J]. 热带医学杂志，2007,7(4)：323-325.3.1 概述3.2 关于阿胶和复方阿胶浆医疗保健作用的3.2.1 营养成分和评价3.2.2 阿胶的药理作用3.2.3 阿胶的临床应用4④ Xie MH, etal．Effects of "Hong jing tian she 1u" on reproductive axis function and exercise capacities in men. The5⑤ 周志宏等．补肾益元方对运动小鼠抗疲劳能力的影响[J].中国运动医学杂志，2001，20（1）：83-84202-204.5`"InternationalCourseandConferenceonPhysiologicalChemistry and Natrition of exercise and training (Abstract)6⑥ 杨维益等．中药复方“体复康”对运动性疲劳大鼠血乳酸、p 一内啡肤、亮氨酸及强啡肤Al-13 影响的实验研⑥。仙灵口服液可提高机体运动能力，加速运动后血乳酸的消除。F3 口服液能调整PCO2⑧ 孙晓波等．鹿茸精强壮作用的[J].中药药理与临床，1987，3（3）：11.⑨ 于庆海等．高山红景天抗不良刺激的药理[J]．中药药理与临床，1995，7（7）：283.⑩ 牛锐．淫羊藿炮制前后对小鼠血浆睾丸酮及附近性器官的影响[J]．中国中药杂志，1989,14(9):18．P<0.01), 其他肝功能相关指标未见异常(P> 0.05) 。肝脏是动物机体重要脏器之一,Pi，同疲），肝主筋，人之运动皆由于筋，故为罢极之本”。人体肝脏的功能活动也必阿胶, 味甘性平, 入肺、肝、肾经, 具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。《神农本阿胶,又称驴皮胶,为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块,是中国医药宝库中阿胶、熟地配伍能使补而不滋腻, 共奏益气补血之功, 主要治疗各种原因导致的气血阿胶对细有促进作用；提示阿胶能提高机体免疫功能。 另外阿胶具阿胶具有很好的止血作用，常用来治疗阴虚火旺、血脉受伤造成的出血。比如，阿胶能治疗缺铁性贫血，再生障碍性贫血等贫血症状，阿胶对血小板减少，白细阿胶是一类明胶蛋白，经水解分离得到多种氨基酸，阿胶具有很多的药理作用和阿胶又称驴皮胶, 为马科动物驴的皮去毛后熬制而成的胶块。中药界有句口头禅:阿胶中的营养成分比较多，主要有蛋白质、多肽、氨基酸、金属元素、硫酸皮肤。把阿胶应用于运动员或人群中的实践应用性，具有很大的潜力和市场前景，白血病、鼻咽癌、食道癌、肺癌、乳腺癌等。阿胶不温不燥，老少皆宜，一年四季均伴随现代竞技体育的强度越来越大，运动员在大运动量训练后出现的各种疲劳征象，胞减少等症也具有效果明显效果；另外，经配伍，阿胶可用来治疗多种出血症。医学保健作用，阿胶具有耐缺氧、耐寒冷、抗疲劳和增强免疫功能作用；同时，阿胶具有本文的目的意义有以下两个方面：一是通过阿胶的抗疲劳能力，来进一
本以运动性疲劳相关症状明显的篮球运动员为对象，以谷丙转氨酶、谷表明，阿胶还用于治疗妊娠期胎动不安，先兆流产,习惯性流产等。对于月经病步了解运动员服用阿胶以后，不但能够使男女运动员的谷草转氨酶含量水平、谷丙转参促进人体对糖原和三磷酸腺苷等能源物质的合理利用, 并使剧烈运动时产生的乳草经》将其列为上品。《本草纲目》载阿胶“疗吐血衄血, 血淋尿血, 肠风下痢, 女草转氨酶、谷酰转肽酶、总胆红素、白蛋白和白蛋白/球蛋白含量水平为测定指标，产生运动。从中医学的观点来看，筋就是聚集在一起的肌肉束，膜是筋的延长和扩布；常所说的肌腱和韧带等器官，韧带和肌腱坚韧有力。通过韧带和肌腱伸缩牵拉骨骼肌充在筋”, 也就说明了筋的功能受到肝脏的调节, 所以, 医家大多从筋与肝相关的角除运动后的疲劳, 已经成为运动医学领域的热点,而中医药在改善、消除运动性促进肌肉和肝脏有氧氧化能力的作用③。 红景天圣露能促进机体运动后的恢复和消除促进血液凝固和抗贫血作用，有提高血红蛋白红细胞，白细胞和血小板的作用。到影响。的变化, 主要表现为部分肝细胞破裂, 内容物进入窦状隙, 未受损的肝细胞糖原明的核心问题之一, 也是运动训练学所要克服的核心问题之一, 疲劳是机体的一的滋补类药品；因始产于聊城东阿，故名阿胶，距今已有两千多年的生产历史；最早低分子肽含量分别是15%～45%、10.97%～13.18% 。霍光华③采用标准水解法和氨基低运动后血清尿素氮含量； 加速体内尿素氮及血乳酸的清除速率；提高小鼠的游泳点、“肝之合筋”的观点、“肝者,其充在筋” 的观点、“食气入胃,散精于肝,淫气于动领域的广泛应用。动性疲劳关系最为密切者当首推肝脏。动性疲劳后机体恢复作用和机制的十分活跃。动员和贮备，以及机体对运动刺激的适应和运动后的疲劳的恢复起到重要的促进作用度阐述肝与疲劳的关系, 其实肝尚可通过脏腑气血等多个途径影响疲劳感的产生和度的DS 标准液, 加适量天青Ⅰ试液, 536nm 处测定吸收值, 建立工作曲线回归方程。对于运动产生的机理, 中医学解释比较通俗易懂, 即：韧带和肌腱的伸缩牵拉骨对运动性疲劳的多集中于中枢疲劳与外周肌肉疲劳，而较少涉及肝脏实质器而略于补立法，以健脾保肝、补中益气组方的确是防治运动性疲劳的一条新思新。故发挥和延缓运动性疲劳的产生都能起积极而有效的作用。总之,体力和脑力的产生均复的适应能力②。复方阿胶浆是由阿胶、红参、党参、熟地、山楂等药组成, 主入肝、脾两经。方肝，人动血运于经,”的论述。明确指出运动能力与肝和血密切相关。这种“动则血肝脾同处于中心位置，共同掌管着气化的职责，所以运动性疲劳的气虚神乏大多是由肝损害可导致动物运动能力下降,