初中非谓语动词讲解和练习.doc

初中非谓语动词讲解和练习一、非谓语动词的定义及其形式1。 在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。它不受人称和数的限制。2。 非谓语动词的形式动名词：doing不定式：to do请看下列句子：I enjoy music。I enjoy listening to music.I want water.I want to drink water.二、动名词和不定式作宾语1。 只能跟动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy， finish， practice， mind, spend等。enjoy doing sth。 喜欢做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事spenddoing sth。 花费.。做某事口诀：喜欢完成练习，介意花费。e。g。He enjoys listening to the radio. 他喜欢听收音机.I have learned 200 Chinese words， but I keep forgetting some of them。我已经学了200多个汉字，但有些总是记不住.2。 只能接动词不定式作宾语的动词。在现行初中英语课本中动词有：decide， want， would like， plan, be used， refuse, help等.decide to do sth。 决定做某事want/would like to do sth。 想要做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某事be used to do sth.被用来做某事refuse to do sth。 拒绝做某事help to do sth. 帮忙做某事口诀：决定想要做计划，被人拒绝不帮忙.e.g.He agreed to get someone to help us. 他同意找人来帮我们的忙.Mr. White wish to speak to you。怀特先生想要跟你讲话.3。 既能跟动词不定式也能跟动名词形式作宾语的动词有：like, love, begin ， start, hate。在这种情况下，它们区别不大.Tomorrow I start to work（working）. 明天我开始工作。Do you like to play（playing） football？你爱踢足球吗?但在下面情况下一般用动词不定式作宾语:would like /love后，表示特定动作时。Would you like to leave a message? 你要不要留个话儿？当谓语已经用了进行时态时。Its beginning to rain. 天开始下雨了。在begin后非限定动词由某些状态动词构成时。We began to think of this question。 我们开始考虑这个问题。She began to believe his story. 她开始相信他的故事。4动名词和动词不定式作宾语时意思不同的动词。（1） remember, forget， stop, go on, regret等动词后跟动名词作宾语时，表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前;跟动词不定式作宾语时，表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词动作之后.试比较下面的句子：I remember telling you about it once. 这事我记得曾和你谈过一次。You must remember to write to us when you get there.到那里时，千万别忘了给我们写信。Go on reading the text。 继续读课文。After he finished the composition， he went on to do his homework. 他写完作文后接着做作业。She stopped speaking. 她停止讲话.He stopped to speak to Martin。 他停下来和马丁说话。(2) try和mean跟动名词和动词不定式作宾语时,在意思上差别很大。atry跟动名词作宾语时是“试着做某事”的意思;而跟动词不定式作宾语时是“设法做某事”的意思。试比较下面句子：She tried writing a composition. 她试着写作文。She tried to get you on the phone。 她设法打电话找你。bmean 跟动名词作宾语时是“意思是、意味着”的意思;而跟动词不定式时是“企图、打算的意思。试比较下面句子:This means wasting much money. 这意味着浪费很多钱。I meant to call on you. But I was so busy。 我是想来看望你的,但我太忙了。remember to do something记着去做某事（现在还没有做）remember doing something记着曾做过某事（以前做过某事）forget to do something忘记去做某事（现在还没有做）forget doing something忘记曾做过某事（以前做过某事）stop to do something开始做某事（停下正在做的事，开始做另一事)stop doing something停止做某事（停止正在做的事）try to do something努力、尽力做某事try doing something试着做某事(看能否达到预期的结果）regret to do something对将来做的事感到遗憾、惋惜regret doing something对已经做过的事感到后悔mean to do something打算，想,意图mean doing something意味着三、动名词和不定式作宾语的区别动名词作宾语的特点是正在做某事，强调的是同时发生；而不定式作宾语的特点是要去做某事,强调的是即将发生.常用必背（1）常用doing形式作宾语的动词和词组有advise建议allow允许miss错过resist抵抗mind介意feel like想要enjoy喜欢finish完成keep保持put off推迟feel like想要give up放弃keep on持续 allow允许practice练习imagine想象 consider考虑cant help禁不住look forward to盼望suggest建议 spend 花费（2）常用to do作宾语的动词有ask要求 wish希望offer提供decide决定help帮助 learn学会agree 同意refuse拒绝hope希望want想要expect 期望promise答应plan计划 afford承担起 prepare准备manage成功 arrange安排 help 帮助【注】此to非彼to， 试比较：look forward to doing sth. pay attention to doing sth.be used to doing sth。【例题精讲】1。 Do you still remember me, Lingling? Yes， of course. I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year。 A。 see B。 sees C. to see D。 seeing解析：本题考查remember后接动名词和不定式作宾语的区别.remember doing sth.表示记得做过某事，remember to do sth.表示记得要去做某事。结合关键信息“Do you still remember me?”以及”last year”可得出答案为D。2. My father has decided _ because smoking is bad for his health。 A. to stop to smoke B。 to stop smoking C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke解析：考查不定式和动名词的用法。Decide只接to do作宾语，意为决定要做某事.而stop doing sth。和stop to do sth。分别表示停止正在做的事和停下来去做某事，从句中“because smoking is bad for his health”可知父亲目前有吸烟的习惯,正打算戒烟，也就是“停止吸烟”。综上可知，本题选B。拓展延伸请看下列句子,并分析其结构Lucy invited me to attend her birthday party.My mother allows me to watch TV on weekend.可以用带to的不定式作宾补的动词常用的有ask, tell， order， invite, allow, wish, want， encourage, advise, warn等. e.g。Ill get a friend to help you。我将交个朋友帮你的忙。The man warned the children not to play football in the street。那个人提醒孩子们不要在街上踢足球。I often hear her sing in the classroom.我经常听见她在教室里唱歌。【注】省略to的不定式。常见的结构有:see sb。 do sth.hear sb. do sth.let sb. do sth.make sb。 do sth.【小试牛刀】请翻译下列句子妈妈鼓励我不要放弃。（放弃：give up) 他希望我参加明天的会议. 让我们去散步吧。 课堂小结遇到有关非谓语动词的题目时，注意动名词和不定式的区别，动名词表示正在做,而不定式表示要去做，但是现在还没做.除了常见的搭配以外，可根据它们本身所具有的特点，推断不同的动词后接哪种形式的非谓语动词作宾语。平时做题的过程中也要注意这方面的积累。课堂练习一、单项选择。【2010四川广安】1. Please remember _ the lights when you leave the room. OK， I will。A. turn offB. to turn offC. turning off【2010甘肃定西】2。 The boy is looking forward to a good time after the exam。 A。 to have B. has C。 having D。 have【2010重庆】3. James, Im too tired. Lets stop _ a rest.A。 having B。 have C. to having D. to have【2010湖北孝感】4。 Jack took an interest in _ ping-pong soon after he came to China。A。 playing B。 plays C。 play D。 played【2011福州】 5。 - Dont forget _ your history and politics books tomorrow morning。 - Thanks。 I wont。A。 bringB。 to bring C。 bringing【2011广安】6。 - What do you usually do at weekends？ I often practice _English. A。 speak B。 to speak C。 speaking 【2011河源】7. Remember _ the book to the library when you finish _ it。A。 to return; to read B。 returning; readingC. to return； reading C。 returning; to read【2011广州】8. May I have a rest? I have already finished _ the report.A. write B. writing C。 to write D. written【2011四川成都】9。 While we were running on the playground， Jack suddenly stopped and lay on the ground， so we all stopped what was wrong with him.A. to run； to see B。 running； seeing C。 running； to see【2011江苏徐州】10. What bad weather it was! We decided _。A. to go out B。 not to go out C。 to not go out D. not going out二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. On June 1st, parents usually spend money in _（buy)picture books for their children as presents。2. If you set your mind _（do)it, youll be successful in the end。3. Mr。 Smith asked us _（wear）old clothes to school the next day。4. Jim decided _（leave）Polly to Lin Feng when he was back to England。5。 Would you like _（buy)a bottle of orange for me?6. If you are tired， you can stop _(have）a rest. 7。 He found it not easy _（do）it well.8。 I dont feel like _(have）medicine even though I am ill.