牛津高中英语模块一-unit-1-Grammar-and-usage.pptx

M1U1 Grammar and usage-Attributive Clause(1)Lead in A:That man won the race.B:Which man?A:1.the Jamaica man.2.the man from Jamaica.3.the man who is from Jamaica.Attributives prepositional phrase attributive clauseadjective一个定语从句可以像形容词，介词短语一样修饰一个名词。但是，他往往放在被修饰的词的后面。A:That man won the race.B:Which man?A:1.The Jamaica man won the game.2.The man from Jamaica won the race.3.The man who is from Jamaica won the race.一一.定语从句的基本定义定语从句的基本定义放在放在名词或代词名词或代词后面，由后面，由关系代词或关系代词或关系副词关系副词引导的修饰该引导的修饰该名词或代词名词或代词的的从句叫定语从句。从句叫定语从句。被修饰的词叫被修饰的词叫先行词先行词。关系词的分类关系词的分类1.关系代词关系代词2.关系副词关系副词常用的关系代词有：常用的关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose，as常用的关系副词有：常用的关系副词有：when,where,why二.关系词的分类The girl that/who we saw yesterday is Mary.先行词先行词关系代词关系代词Hospital is a place where a doctor works.先行词先行词关系副词关系副词Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw the girl yesterday.Join the following sentences:(第一句第一句话作为主句话作为主句)The girl is Mary.We saw the girl yesterday.Step 1.确定主句，找相同成分确定主句，找相同成分Join the following sentences(第一句话作为第一句话作为主句主句)The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.the girlThe girlStep 2.把从句放到主句先行词之后把从句放到主句先行词之后Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw the girl yesterday.The girl that/who we saw yesterday is Mary.Step 3.删掉从句中的相同成分，并在从删掉从句中的相同成分，并在从句前加上关系词句前加上关系词the girlJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.the machinea machineJoin the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is the machine can fly.a machine that/which如何选择关系代词或关系副词如何选择关系代词或关系副词呢？呢？在定语从句中，关系词可以充当从句在定语从句中，关系词可以充当从句中的：中的：subject 主语主语predicative 表语表语 object 宾语宾语 attribute 定语定语 adverbial 状语状语关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词四四.关系词的基本用法关系词的基本用法As subject 主语主语The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy who is smiling is Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.As object 宾语宾语The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.The woman got the job.We saw her in the street.The woman(whom)we saw in the street got the job.As predicative 表语表语Jack is no longer a lazy boy.He used to be a lazy boy.Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.注意：定语从句缺表语时，关系代词只用注意：定语从句缺表语时，关系代词只用thatAs attribute定语定语The teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.whose English=the students English关系词关系词whosewhose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格The house is mine.The window of the house is broken.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose window=the houses window As adverbial 状语状语The school is in Shenzhen.He studied in the school.The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.在限制性定语从句中在限制性定语从句中关系代词关系代词的用法：的用法：who 指指_，在从句中作，在从句中作_(成分成分)。(作？语可省略作？语可省略)1）He is not the man who visited our school yesterday.The professor(who)you wish to see has come人人主语，宾语主语，宾语2)eg.Do you know the man(whom)we saw at the Beijing Hotel?whom指指_，在从句中，在从句中作作_，可省略。，可省略。人人宾语宾语(1)Im not interested in the book which has just been published.(2)My mother found the gold ring(which)she had lost.which 指指_，在句中作，在句中作_作作_时可以省略。时可以省略。物物主语或宾语主语或宾语宾语宾语1.The season that comes after spring is summer.that指指_，在从句中做在从句中做_,作作_时可以省略。时可以省略。2.Do you know the man(that)I am talking to3.She is no longer the girl that she used to be人或物人或物主语或宾语或表语主语或宾语或表语宾语宾语The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.whose=the students关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格 The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowwhose指_。作_。表示所属关系。人或物人或物定语定语关系代词用法关系代词用法 关系代词 指代 在从句中 的作用 that which who whom 宾 whose(=of which)人/物 定人物人物 主宾主宾/表表 主宾主宾 主宾主宾 人人 人人人物人物 物物 *6.先行词是下列词时，限制性定先行词是下列词时，限制性定语从句必须用语从句必须用 that 引导。引导。1)先行词是不定代词或被其修饰先行词是不定代词或被其修饰（all,some,any,few,little,much,every,each,no,anything,nothing,everything，something等）等）eg.All that can be done has been done.Is there anything that I can do for you.2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。eg.This is the cleanest park that you can imagine.The first thing that should be done is to get some food.3)先行词被the very,the only,the right,the last,just the等修饰eg.This is the only book that has been written in French.Those are the very words that he used.This is just the book that I am looking for.4)当先行词由人和物两部分组当先行词由人和物两部分组成时，成时，eg.He talked about the things and persons that he had visited in the city.5)在在 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑引导的特殊疑问句中，限制性定语从句必须用问句中，限制性定语从句必须用 that 引导引导。eg.Who is the man that is standing over there.Which is the car that was made in Beijing.Practice1.This is the best film _ Ive seen.2.That is the last lesson _ I gave you.3.This is the very book _ Im after.4.That is just the coat _ color is red.5.That is the right place _ he works.6.I still remember the schools and boys _ I met there.7.Which is the bike _ you lost?8.Any thing _ you have to say had better be sasd.(that)(that)(that)whosewhere(that)(that)(that)6)先行词在从句中作表语时，先行词在从句中作表语时，通常用通常用 that 引导。（常可引导。（常可省略）省略）eg,.She is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the country.7,当主语以here,there开头时eg,Here is the place that you ve been looking for.8.先行词被 such,the same 修饰时，通常用as引导定语从句eg,This is not such a book as I want.This is the same book as I want.Review what we have learnt today:1.定语从句的基本定义2.关系词的分类3.先行词和关系词的关系4.关系词的基本表达5.限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法6.在什么情况下，限制性定语从句要由that引导？7.主语是here,there时用什么引导定语从句？8.先行词被 such,the same 修饰时，用什么引导定语从句关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.The eggs I bought them were not fresh.The friend he came to supper last night was not hungry.He prefers the cheese it comes from his parents farm.The noodles you cooked them were delicious.I dont like the people they smoke a lot.(that/which)who/thatthat/which(which/that)that/whoPractice1.The man _ stands there is Tom.2.The girl _ I met is Ms Li.3.The boy _ watch was lost is Tom.4.The book _ lies on the desk is his.5.The pen _ you bought is good.6.The magazine _ cover is red is nice.who/that(whom/that)whosewhich/that(which/that)whose 7.Everything _ you said is true.8.Which is the book _ you want?9.Who is the girl _ sits there.10.All _ he said is true.11.All _ is said by him is true.12.Are there any problems _ trouble you?13.I will make full use of the time _ is left for me.(that)(that)that(that)that thatthat14.Such boys _ you mentioned are well.15.The boys _ _ you mentioned are well.16.It is so difficult a problem _ no one can work out.17.It is so difficult a problem_ no one can work it out.18.She wore the same hat _ you wore yesterday.thatsuch asasasas19.You have made the same mistake _ you made last time.20.I had the same experience _ you have now.21.She went to the same place _ she saw the key.22.Those _ are present are well.23.Is this factory _ _ _ he visited?thatthatwherewhothe one (that)Complete the article on page 11 using who,whom,which or whose.Answers:1._ 2._3._ 4._5._ 6._7._ 8._whichwhichwhowhom/whowhowhichwhosewho/whomComplete the sentences.2.It has many students_ _.3.English is the subject _ _.4.I admire most an American lady _.from different countrieswho/that arethat/which Iwho/that teaches us Englishlike best5.Our History teacher tells us stories _.6.I have a good friend _ _.7.The library is a place_ _.that/which he is good at./that/which are very interestingwhose name is Sallythat/which isquiet and comfortable/who is called Sally