英语修辞简介.pptx

Contentsn1.喻类修辞 n2.代类修辞n3.对照并列类修辞n4.声音类修辞第1页/共58页 1.喻类修辞n1.Similen2.Metaphorn3.Personificationn4.Transferred epithet第2页/共58页 1.Simile(明喻)nDefinition:A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to antother,in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image.n(In dealing with simile,an additional point should be noted:the two things compared are in different kinds and are said to be similar in one respect only,and not in all ways.)第3页/共58页 1)like和as型eg:1.The cheque fluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing.2.Use a book as a bee does flowers.第4页/共58页 2)虚拟句型Eg:1.He was a beautiful horse that looked as though he had come out of a painting by Velasquez.(Earnest Hemingway:For Whom the Bell Tolls)2.-and the fattest woman I have ever seen in my life dozing in a straight-backed chair.It was as if a sack of grain was supported by a matchbox.第5页/共58页 3)than 型nEg:n1.A fool can no more see his own fooly than he can see his ears.n2.Man cannot help craving for expression any more than birds can help singing.第6页/共58页 4)and型nEg:n1.A word and a stone let go cannot be recalled.n2.Truth and roses have thorns about them.第7页/共58页 5)动词型nEg:n1.He compares his genius to a lightening flash.n2.He treats his daughter as the apple in the eye.n3.Samuel Johnson regarded a dictionary as a watch.第8页/共58页 2.Metaphor（暗喻）nDefinition:A figure of speech containing an implied comparison,in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used one thing is applied to anther.第9页/共58页 1)Nominal metaphorqEg:q1.Time is money.q2.The news is a dagger to his heart.第10页/共58页 2)Verbal metaphorqEg:q1.The electricity failure paralyzed the train service.q2.Her hostility melted.第11页/共58页 3)Adjectival metaphorqEg:q1.There is no rosy prospect for him.q2.He has the microwave smile that warms another person without heat.第12页/共58页4)Idiomatic or proverbial metaphorqEg:qIt is only a castle in the air.第13页/共58页 5)Condensed metaphorqEg:q1.a rain of kisses/a sea of flowersq2.I fall upon the thorns of life!I bleed!第14页/共58页 6)Dead metaphorqEg:q1.a“bottle neck”q2.When they reached the foot of the mountain,they found a running brook.第15页/共58页 3.Personification(拟人)nDefinition:a figure of speech that attributes human qualities to animals,or gives life or personality to inanimate objects or abstract ideas.第16页/共58页 Personificationn1.Inanimate objects or abstractions are described as humannEg:Australia is so kind,just tickle her with a hoe,and she laughs with a harvest.第17页/共58页 Personificationn2.Inanimate objects or abstractions are addressed directly as human beings.nEg:qOh,Mr.Moon,where do you go?To look at the lands of ice and snow.Oh,Mr.Moon,when do you sleep?All day,till stars begin to peep.第18页/共58页 ndefinition:a figure of speech in which the epithet is transferred from the appropriate noun to modify another to which it does not really blong.4.Transferred epithet（移就）第19页/共58页 transferred epithet 的两种格式：1)修饰语+名词 eg:tragic wall;sleepless night She has expensive tastes in clothes.2)名词+of+名词 eg:The Grape of Wrath;第20页/共58页 2.代类修辞n1.Metonomyn2.Synecdochen3.Antonomasian4.Hyperbolen5.Allusion第21页/共58页 1.Metonomy（转喻）nDefinition:a figure of speech in which the name of one thing is used in place of that of another associated with or suggested by it第22页/共58页 Metonymy nEg:the White House the crown 1.He succeeded by the sweat of brow.n2.He is too fond of the bottle.n3.The pen is mightier than sword.n4.Have you read Shakespeare?n5.The kettle is boiling.第23页/共58页 2.Synecdoche（提喻）nDefinition:a figure of speech by which a part is for the whole,the whole for the part,species for genus,the genus for the species or the name of the material for the thing made,and the individual for a class.第24页/共58页 Synecdoche:1.a part for the whole eg:1)They were short of hands at harvest time.2)I will count three hundred-thats five minutes-and not one of you is to move a muscle.第25页/共58页 Synecdoche:2.the whole for the part eg:1)England won the football game.2)Then the surgeon cut me open and take out the appendix and stitched me up again.第26页/共58页 Synecdoche:3.species for genus eg:1)He manages to earn his bread.2)Oh,the spring should vanish with the rose!That Youths sweet-scented manuscript should close!(Edward Fitzgerald)第27页/共58页 Synecdoche:4.genus for species eg:1)The smiling season is coming.2)Oh,seeing him,the miserable creature fell upon his shoulder,sobbing and crying,and pointing to the fountain,where some women were stooping over the motionless bundle and moving gently about it.(Charles Dickens:A Tales of Two Cities)第28页/共58页 Synecdoche:5.the name of material for the thing made eg:1)Do you have any coppers?2)The prisoner was bound in irons for ten years.第29页/共58页 Synecdoche:6.the individual for a class eg:1)This young man is very clever;he may be another Edison.2)A Whale ship was my Yale College and my Harvard.(H.Melvill:Moby Dick)第30页/共58页 3.Antonomasia（换喻）nDefinition:antonomasia is a substitution of any epithet or phrase for a proper name.第31页/共58页 AntonomasianEg:nthe Philosopher:Aristotlenthe little corporal:Napoleonnthe author of Paradise Lost:Miltonnthe Scottish play:Macbeth第32页/共58页 4.Hyperbole（夸张）nDefinition:Hyperbole is the deliberate use of overstatement.It is the name given to a gross exaggeration of the facts.第33页/共58页 HyperboleqEg:qHer face fell a mile.qYour joke really kills me.qHis teeth are so yellow,every time he smiles in traffic all the cars slow down to see whether they should stop or not.第34页/共58页 5.Allusion 典故n1.寓言、神话、传说、宗教故事（尤其圣经故事）nEg:n1)Unaware of the sword of Democles hanging over her,she pursued her own way.n2)What will it be when the increase of yearly production is brought to a complete stop?Here is the vulnerable place,the heel of Archiles,for capitalistic production.第35页/共58页 Allusionn2.文学作品nEg:n1)You want your pound of flesh,dont you?n2)Even before they were acquainted,he had admired him in secret.Now he was his valet,his dog,his man Friday.第36页/共58页 Allusionn3.历史事件和历史人物nEg:n1)I never believe until then that any meal could defeat me,but on that day I met my Waterloo.n2)Prime Minister Inira Gandhi decided to go heavy-handed from the outset-This crisis would never grow into an Indian Watergate.第37页/共58页 3.并列对照类修辞n1.Parallelismn2.Antithesisn3.Paradoxn4.Oxymoron第38页/共58页 1.Parallelism（排比）n1)词的平行结构nEg:n 1.Bob is a hard hitter,a sure fielder and swift runner.n2.Women were running out to the line of march,crying and laughing and kissing the men good-bye.第39页/共58页 Parallelismn2)短语的平行结构nEg:n1.It was not anger,nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor any of the emotions that she had been prepared for.n2.It is not wealth one asks for,but just enough to preserve ones dignity,to work unhampered,to be generous,frank,and independent.第40页/共58页 Parallelismn3.从句平行结构nEg:nThe notice which you have been pleased to take of my labor,had it been early,had been kind;but it has been delayed till I am indifferent,and cannot enjoy it;till I am solitary,and cannot impart it;till I am known,and do not want it.第41页/共58页 Parallelismn3.句子平行结构nEg:nKind hearts are the gardens;kind thoughts are the roots;kind words are the flowers;kind deeds are the fruits.第42页/共58页 2.Antithesis（对照）features:contrasting ideas and parallel arrangements of words,clauses and sentences第43页/共58页 AntithesisEg:1.One hundred years later,the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.2.Knowledge makes humble,and ignorance makes proud.第44页/共58页 Antithesis3.And so,my fellow American,ask not what your country can do for you,ask what you can do for your country.4.A miser grows rich by seeming poor.An extravagant man grows poor by seeming rich.第45页/共58页 3.Paradox（矛盾）nDefinition:a figure of speech consisting of a statement or proposition which on the face of it seems self-contradictionary,absurd or contrary to established fact or practice,but which on further thinking and study,may prove to be true,well-found,and even to contain a succinct point.第46页/共58页 ParadoxnEg:n1)make a way out of no wayn2)War is peace.Freedom is slavery.Ignorance is strength.(George Orwell:1984)3)The child is father of the man.第47页/共58页 4.Oxymoron(矛盾修饰)nDefinition:A figure of speech which combines incongruous and apparently contradictory words and meaning for a special effect.第48页/共58页 Oxymoronn1.adj.+n.nEg:painful pleasuren tearful joyn careful carelessnessn a thunderous silence第49页/共58页 Oxymoronn2.adj.+adj.nEg:cruel sweet loven bitter-sweet memoryn bad good news第50页/共58页 Oxymoronn3.adv.+adj.nEg:falsely truen a mercifully fatal blown politely wrong第51页/共58页 Oxymoronn4.n.+n.nEg:love-hate relationshipn life-death battle第52页/共58页 Oxymoronn5.other formsnEg:changlessly changingn hasten slowlyn misers generosity第53页/共58页 4.声音类修辞n1.Alliterationn2.Onomatopoeia第54页/共58页 1.Alliteration（头韵）Definition:the use of words beginning with the same letter or sound.第55页/共58页 AlliterationEg:1.Spare the rod,and spoil the child.2.Money makes the mare go.3.Pride and Prejudice;Sense and Sensibility第56页/共58页 2.Onomatopoeia（拟声）nDefinition:a rhetorical device that relies on sound for effect.The word employed imitates the sound made by a person,an animal,an object or an action or movement.第57页/共58页 Onomatopoeian“bleat”“yap”“meow”are imitative of the cries of goats,dogs and cats.“bang”“boom”“clatter”made by doors,guns and hoofs.qHow the pretty ladies talk Tittle tattle,tittle tattle!Like their patters when they walk Pittle Pattle,pittle pattle.(by Erasmus Darwin)第58页/共58页