详细赏析.pptx

Ode to a Nightingale-John KeatsQuestionsDoes this poem express only the speakers rapture when he listens to the wonderful songs of the nighingale?What is Keatss view of reality and fantasy as is revealed in the poem?What is his aesthetic aim of the poetry?BackgroundOf Keatss six major odes of 1819,Ode to Psyche was probably written first and To Autumn written last.Sometime between these two,he wrote Ode to a Nightingale.The exact date of it is unknown as Keats dated as“May 1819May 1819”.It is based on weather conditions and similarities between images in the poem and those in a letter sent to Fanny BrawneFanny Brawne on May Day.BackgroundKeats finished the Ode in just one morning,in Brawnes description reads:In the spring of 1819 a nightingale had built her nest near my house.Keats felt a tranquil and continual joy in her song;and one morning he took his chair from the breakfast-table to the grass-plot under a plum-tree,where he sat for two or three hours.When he came into the house,I perceived he had some scraps of paper in his hand,and these he was quietly thrusting behind the books.On inquiry,I found those scraps,four or five in number,contained his poetic feelings on the song of the nightingale.Dominant thoughts in Keats Odes1,nature is beautiful2,the realms of art and poetry are wonderful3,the human society contains inescapable miseryDominant thoughts in Keats OdesThe artistic aim in his poetry was always to create a beautiful world of imagination as opposed to the sordid reality of his day.He sought to express beauty in all of his poems.His poetry is distinguished by sensuousness and the perfection of form.Keats has always been known as a sensuous poet.His ability to appeal to the senses through language is virtually unrivaled.Stanza IMy heart aches,and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense,as though of hemlock1 I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate2 to the drains3One minute past4,and Lethe5-wards had sunk:Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,But being too happy in thine happiness-That thou,light winged Dryad6 of the trees,In some melodious plot7Of beechen8 green,and shadows numberless9,Singest of summer in full-throated ease101 1，poisonpoison2 2，opiumopium3 3，quaff,bottom upquaff,bottom up4 4，agoago5 5，a river in Hades whose a river in Hades whose waters cause drinkers to forget waters cause drinkers to forget their pastheir past t6 6，wood nymphwood nymph,refers to,refers to nightingalenightingale7 7，where nightingale singswhere nightingale sings8 8，beechbeech：山毛榉树：山毛榉树9 9，numberless numberless shadowsshadows：1010，sing freelysing freelyIntertwine of the two imagesThe poet falls into a reverie while listening to an actual nightingale sing.He feels joy and pain,an ambivalent response.Pleasure can be so intense that paradoxically it either numbs him or causes pain.rapture of the nightingaleforlorn of the realityStanza IIO,for a draught of vintage11!that hath beenCoold a long age in the deep-delved12 earth,Tasting of Flora13 and the country green,Dance,and Provencal song14,and sunburnt mirth15!O for a beaker full of the warm South16Full of the true,the blushful Hippocrene17,With beaded bubbles18 winking at the brim,And purple-stained mouth,That I might drink,and leave the world unseen,And with thee fade19 away into the forest dim20.11,wish for wine12,dig deep13,flower goddess,fragrance14,love song15,collocative clashcollocative clash:the mirth of the sunburnt people16,metonymymetonymy:the wine in South17,a fountain on Mount Helicon sacred to the Muses and believed to be a source of poetic inspiration,refers to wine18,aliterationaliteration:bead-like bubbles19,to disappear gradually20,rhymerhyme,dim forestWanting to escape from the pain of a joy-pain reality,the poet begins to move into a world of imagination or fantasy.He longs for wine.The description of drinking and of the world associated with wine is idealized,with the images associating the wine with summer,country pleasure and romantic provence.Stanza IIIFade far away,dissolve21,and quite forgetWhat thou amongst the leaves hast never known,The weariness,the fever,and the fretHere,where men sit and hear each other groan22;Where palsy shakes a few,sad,last grey hairs.Where youth grows pale,and spectre-thin23,and dies;Where nut to think is to be full of sorrowAnd leaden-eyed24 despairs;Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous25 eyes,Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow26.21、disappear22、moan due to pain23、skinny as a ghost24、not lively,dull eyes25、radiant 26、hyperbolehyperbole:them refers to“her lustrous eyes”,the new love cannot be forever.The poet uses the word“fade”in the last line of stanza II and in the first line of this stanza to tie the stanzas together and to move easily into his next thought.His awareness of the real world pulls him back from the imagined world of drink-joy.Stanza IVAway!away!for I will fly to thee,Not charioted27 by Bacchus28 and his pards29,But on the viewless30 wings of Poesy31,Though the dull brain perplexes32 and retards.Already with thee!tender33 is the night,And haply the Queen-Moon is on her throne,Clustered around by all her starry Fays34;But here there is no light,Save what from heaven is with the breezes blownThrough verdurous35 glooms and winding mossy ways.27,state carriage28,the Greek god of wine29,middle English for leopards,refers to the leopard cat that drags the wine god.30,not perceivable,the soar of poetry is beyond common people31,poetic fancy32,to confuse 33,showing affection and love 34,fairies35,health and vigorThe poet suddenly cries out Away!away!for I will fly to thee.He turns to fantasy again;he rejects wine in line 2,and in line 3 he announces he is going to use the viewless wings of Poesy to join a fantasy bird.He contrasts this mode of experience(poetry)to the dull brain that perplexes and retards(line 4).In line 5,he succeeds or seems to succeed in joining the bird.The imagined world described in the rest of the stanza is dark.Stanza VI cannot see what flowers are at my feet,Nor what soft incense36 hangs upon the boughs,But,in embalmed37 darkness,guess each sweetWherewith the seasonable month38 endowsThe grass,the thicket39,and the fruit-tree wild-White hawthorn,and the pastoral eglantine40;Fast fading violets covered up in leaves;And mid-Mays eldest child41,The coming musk-rose,full of dewy wine,The murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves42.36,fragnant flowers37,fill with sweet odors38,the month of the season，refers to May39,a group of bushes40,an Old World rose41,first bloom,musk-rose42,the repeat sound of“mm”build up the mood for summerIn the fifth stanza is one where flowers bloom and die and seasons come and go.There he is conscious of his mortality and is drawn by the fantasy of dying to the nightingale s music.Because the poet cannot see in the darkness,he must rely on his other senses.Even in this refuge,death is present.stanza VIDarkling43 I listen;and for many a timeI have been half in love with easeful Death,Called him soft names in many a mused rhyme44,To take into the air my quiet breath45;Now more than ever seems it rich to die,To cease upon the midnight with no pain,While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroadIn such an ecstasy!Still wouldst thou sing,and I have ears in vain-To thy high requiem46 become a sod47.46,In the dark。44,meditated rhyme45,life46,a Christian religious ceremony for a dead person52,ones native landIn Stanza VI,the poet begins to distance himself from the nightingale,which he joined in imagination in stanzas IV and V.Keats yearns to die,a state which he imagines as only joyful,as pain-free,and to merge with the birds song.Keats imagines a death which is an ecstatic conclusion,but then acknowledges that if he were dead the song would go unheard.stanza VIIThou wast not born for death,immortal Bird53!No hungry generations54 tread thee down;The voice I hear this passing night eas heardIn ancient days by emperor and clown55:Perhaps the self-same song that found a pathThrough the sad heart of Ruth56,when,sick for home,She stood in tears amid the alien corn;The same that oft-times hathCharmd magic casement57,opening on the foamOf perilous58 seas,in faery lands forlorn59.53,nightingale54,devouring Time56,everyone 56,An Israel young from the Bible who picks wheat for a living,the poet pictures her standing by the field missing her hometown.57,casement refers to the princess waiting for her prince to resure her58,full of danger59,remote and far away,sad and lonelyWhy the bird is immortal?The poet contrasts the birds immortality(and continuing joyful song)with the condition of human beings,hungry generations.The bird represents the species,which by continuing generation after generation does achieve a kind of immortality as a species.Three Images Keats makes three references to the birds singing in the past;the first reference to emperor and clown is general and presumably in a historical past;the other two are specific.one from the Old Testament,the other from fairy tales.The past becomes more remote,ending with a non-human past and place(faery lands),in which no human being is present.The effect of the three images Keats not only expresses his raptures upon hearing the beautiful songs of the nightingale and his desire to go to the ethereal world of beauty together with the bird,but also he shows his deep sympathy for and his keen understanding of human miseries.Keats moves from his awareness of his own mortality in the preceding stanza to the perception of the birds immortality.On a literal level,his perception is wrong;this bird will die.The nightingale not born for death in the sense that,unlike us human beings,it doesnt know its going to die.An implication of this reading is that the bird is integrated into nature or is part of natural processes whereas we are separated from nature.The resulting ability to observe nature gives us the ability to appreciate the beauty of nature,however transitory it-and we-may be.?stanza VIIIForlorn60!the very word is like a bellTo toll61 me back from thee to my sole self!Adieu!the fancy cannot cheat so wellAs she is famed to do,deceiving elf.Adieu!adieu!thy plaintive anthem62 fadesPast the near meadows,over the still stream,Up the hill-side;and now tis buried deepIn the next valley-glades:Was is a vision,or a waking dream?Fled is that music-Do I wake or sleep63?60,same with the end of last stanza,means the poet woke up with a start,feeling remote and sad61,religous image,indicate the anthem62,coming back to reality,even the songs of nightingale makes the poet feels suffering and sadness63,While on the wings of imagination,its hard for Keats to tell whether its a dream of not.Likewise in his“Ode to Psyche”,he also asks：“Surely I dreamt to-day,or did I seeSurely I dreamt to-day,or did I seeThe winged Psyche with awakened The winged Psyche with awakened eyes?eyes?”Ambivalence and ConflictOde to a Nightingale describes a series of conflicts between reality and the Romantic ideal of uniting with nature.Keats s narrator listens to a bird song,but listening to the song within“Ode to a Nightingale”is almost painful and similar to death.The narrator seeks to be with the nightingale and abandons his sense of vision in order to embrace the sound in an attempt to share in the darkness with the bird.As the poem ends,the trance caused by the nightingale is broken and the narrator is left wondering if it was a real vision or just a dream.The bird has ceased to be a symbol and is again the actual bird the poet heard in stanza I.The poet,like the nightingale,has returned to the real world.The bird flies away to another spot to sing.The birds song becomes a plaintive anthem and fainter.Theme“The principal stress of the poem is a struggle between The principal stress of the poem is a struggle between ideal and actualideal and actual:inclusive terms which,however,contain:inclusive terms which,however,contain more particular antitheses of pleasure and pain,of more particular antitheses of pleasure and pain,of imagination and common sense reason,of fullness and imagination and common sense reason,of fullness and privation,of permanence and change,of nature and the privation,of permanence and change,of nature and the human,of art and life,freedom and bondage,waking and human,of art and life,freedom and bondage,waking and dream.dream.(Fogle,32)(Fogle,32)ThemeOf course,the nightingales song is the dominant image and dominant voice within the ode.The nightingale is also the object of empathy and praise within the poem.However,the nightingale and the discussion of the nightingale is not simply about the bird or the song,but about human experience in general.This is not to say that the song is a simple metaphor,but it is a complex image that is formed through the interaction of the conflicting voices of praise and questioning.ReferencesJiaxiu Huang.British and American Poetry:Guide to Its Understanding and Appreciation M.Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2009.Fogle,Richard.Keatss Ode to a Nightingale,in Stillinger,Jack,Keatss Odes,Englewood,NJ:Prentice-Hall,pp.3343,.“Ode to a Nightingale”.19 April 2016,at 10:26.