名词复习专题知识市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

第1页第2页中考对于名词考查主要侧重以下几点：1.可数名词复数。2.不可数名词量。3.名词全部格使用方法。4.名词句法作用。5.词义辨析。6.名词与主谓一致。考查形式主要有：单项选择、词形转换、词语辨析、翻译句子等题型。第3页第4页第5页考点一考点一 名词分类名词分类第6页考考 点二点二 名词复数形式名词复数形式 第7页第8页 Mouse mice第9页3.复合名词复数形式有两种(1)将主体词变为复数，如：an apple tree a boy classmate(2)将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是man或woman，如：a man worker a woman teachertwo apple treestwenty boy classmatesfive men workersten women teachers第10页4特殊情况(1)有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes，shorts，trousers,pants，socks，glasses(眼镜)(2)有些名词以s结尾，但不是复数形式，如：news，maths，physics(3)有些物质名词或抽象名词单、复数形式表示不一样含义，如：room(空间)a room(房间)work(工作)works(著作)(4)不可数名词数量表示不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定数量，如：a piece of bread/news/paper一片面包/一条新闻/一张纸 a cup of tea/coffee一杯茶/一杯咖啡第11页还可用much，little，a little，some，any，no，lots of，plenty of等来修饰不可数名词，如：much money，some milk(5)数词名词形容词组成复合形容词，中间名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如：He is a fouryearold boy.他是个4岁男孩。(four year old不能说成four years old 或 four years old)a fivefootdeep hole一个五英尺深洞第12页1表示有生命人或物名词全部格形式，在此名词词尾加s，或直接加。(1)单数名词加s，如：Marys book(2)以s结尾复数名词只加，不以s结尾复数名词要加s，如：the three girls father 这三个女孩父亲 the childrens presents 孩子们礼品(3)表示几个人共有，仅在最终一个人名字后加s，表示各自全部时，需在各个名字后加s，如：Mary and Janes car(她俩人共有车)Marys and Janes cars(她俩各自车)第13页(4)表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词全部格后面名词习惯上省略。如：the barbersthe barbers shop剪发店 to my auntsto my aunts house到我姑姑家(5)有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命名词，也能够加s组成全部格。如：a weeks time 一周时间 Chinas population中国人口 two miles distance两英里距离第14页2表示无生命东西全部格形式：名词of全部者，如：the name of the zoo动物园名字 the front wall of the classroom教室前墙3双重全部格：即ofs或of名词性物主代词，如：a book of my daughters 我女儿一本书 The friend of his is very kind.他朋友非常友好。注意：用to全部格：the key to the door the ticket to the match第15页考考 点四点四 名词句法功效名词句法功效(略讲略讲)1名词作主语名词在句中作句子成份很多，但作主语尤为主要，应注意以下几个情况：(1)一些以s结尾名词。如：maths、physics、news是单数或不可数名词，在句中作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；但trousers，shoes，glasses等为复数概念，它们在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但a(this)pair of名词复数时，其主语是a(this)pair，故谓语动词应用单数形式。如：Physics is a new subject in Grade Two.物理在初二是一门新科目。My glasses are red.我眼镜是红色。A new pair of pants is on the bed.床上有一条新短裤。(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、价格等名词后加s作主语时，应视为一个整体，故谓语动词用单数形式。如：Twenty dollars is enough.20美元足够了。Three months is a short time.三个月很短 第16页(3)family，class，police等作主语时，若表示整体概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数；当表示其中各个组员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Her family is moving to Liaoning next week.她家下周要搬到辽宁去。Her family are having supper now.她家人正在吃晚饭。(4)the姓氏名词复数(后加s)表示“一家”或“夫妇”，在句中作主语时，谓语动词应用复数形式。如：The Greens are Americans.格林一家是美国人。(5)neither单数名词或neither of复数名词，在句中作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，如：Neither answer is right.两个答案都不对。Neither of the boys often goes to the zoo on Sundays.星期天两个男孩都不经常去动物园。第17页(6)主语后跟with，except，together with，as well as等短语时，谓语动词应与前面主语保持一致，而不受这些短语影响。如：Mr.Li with his students is discussing the math problem.李老师和他学生在讨论数学题。All the girls except Mary are drawing in the classroom.除了玛丽以外全部女生都在教室里画画。(7)兼有双重身份人作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式。A writer and worker often gives us a talk on Sundays.一位工人作家经常在星期天给我们做汇报。第18页(8)主语和谓语就近一致。(就近标准）就近一致即指谓语人称和数与靠近它那个主语保持一致。有下面几个情况：在there be 句型中或以here开头句子中，谓语动词be应与后面名词保持一致，当后面名词不止一个时，be应和其最靠近名词人称和数保持一致。如：There are twenty two boys and twenty girls in our class.我们班有22名男生和20名女生。There is a car and two jeeps behind the house.房子后有一辆小汽车和两辆吉普车。Here are two oranges and some milk.这里有两个橘子和一些牛奶。第19页either.or.(或者或者)；neither.nor.(既不也不)；.or.(或者)；not only.but also.(不但而且)等平等结构，连接并列主语时谓语动词人 称和数应和与之靠近一个主语保持一致。如：Either you or he has to go shopping this afternoon.今天下午或者是你或者是他必须去购物。Neither he nor we are students now.他和我们现在都不是学生了。both.and.连接两个主语时，谓语用复数形式。如：Both he and she do well in English.他和她都擅长英语。2名词作定语(1)名词作定语，普通用单数形式。如：girl students(女学生)paper flowers(纸花)(2)名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式（sports)。如：sports meeting(运动会)第20页考点一：可数名词和不可数名词【经典练习】单项选择1.Look!Therere so many _ in the field.They look like white clouds.A.horse B.cow C.rabbit D.sheep2.If you want to get some _ about the World Expo,you can surf the Internet.A.activity B.picture C.ticket D.informationDD第21页3.Several _ are talking under the tree.And their _ are swimming in the lake.A.woman;children B.woman;child C.women;children D.women;child4.Id like mutton and _ noodles,Mum.Well,lets go to the supermarket to buy some mutton and _.A.potato;potato B.potato;potatoes C.potatoes;potatoes D.potatos;potatosCB第22页5.Would you like some _ for supper?A.fish and chickens B.fishes and chicken C.fish and chicken D.fishes and chickensC第23页【考点点拨】单数 可数名词名词 复数 不可数名词单数名词变复数特殊情况 替换元音字母：man men,woman women,foot feet,tooth teeth 单复数同行：fish,Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer 无规则改变：child children,mouse mice有一些名词加s或es后其原来意思并不相同，如：water(水)waters(水域),fish(鱼)fishes(各种鱼)第24页考点二：名词作定语【经典练习】用括号中所给单词适当形式填空。1.We had a big party for the _(woman)teachers in our school on March 8th.2.I am going to the _(shoe)store to buy a pair of sports shoes.3.Those _(man)doctors are from the same hospital.4.The _(girl)students are more careful than the _(boy)students in our class.5.Therere many different _(sport)meetings around the country every year.womenshoemengirlboysports第25页【考点点拨】名词作定语惯用单数形式，但sport作定语惯用复数形式sports。如：three apple trees,a sports star man,woman 作定语单复数形式由被修饰名词决定，当被修饰名词是单数时，应用单数形式，当被修饰名词是复数时，应用复数形式。如：a man driver,three men drivers;a woman teacher,two women teachers第26页考点三：不可数名词量化【经典练习】单项选择1.Im hungry.Please give me _.A.a bread B.some breads C.a piece of bread D.two pieces of breads2.What would you like to drink,sir?Id like _,please.A.two glasses of orange B.two baskets of oranges C.two pieces of bread D.two bowls of noodlesCA第27页3.What are those on the ground?Oh,theyre two _.A.box of apple B.boxes of apples C.box of apples D.boxes of apple4.Would you like another cup of tea,Mr.Smith?No,I have had _.A.two tea B.two cups tea C.two cup of tea D.two cups of teaBD第28页5.Therere only _ left.We have to buy some for the children.A.two bottles of water B.two bottles water C.two bottles of waters D.two bottle of waterA第29页【考点点拨】不可数名词不能用不定冠词a,an或数词直接修饰，但可用 some,any,a little,little,much,lots of,a lot of等表示概数单词或短语修饰。不可数名词可与表数量短语(数词+名词+of)搭配使用。如：a glass of milk,two pieces of paper第30页考点四：名词全部格【经典练习】单项选择1.I dont think looking after children is just _ work.A.woman B.womans C.women D.womens2._ mothers cant come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian.A.Sallys and Jane B.Sally and Janes C.Sallys and Janes D.Sally and JaneDC第31页3.Can you imagine what life will be like in _ time?A.20 years B.20 years C.20years D.20years4.The gift was given by _ for her birthday.A.my sisters friends B.a friend of my sisters C.my sister friend D.my sister friendsAB第32页5.The photo on the wall is _.They took the photo on the Great Wall last summer.A.Julia and Shelleys B.Julias and Shelleys C.Julia and Shelley D.Julias and ShelleyA第33页【考点点拨】“名词s”形式表示有生命人或动物名词全部格。单数名词和不以s结尾复数名词普通在词尾加“s”；以s结尾复数名词只需在词尾加“”。假如所指事物为几个人所共有，则只需在最终一个名词后加“s”,假如所指事物不为几个人共有，则应在每一个名词后加“s”。名词双重全部格：of短语+名词全部格或名词性物主代词。第34页一.Review the irregular nouns.二.Do exercises on Page 105106.HOMEWORKHOMEWORKHOMEWORKHOMEWORK第35页第36页