工程管理专业英语市公开课一等奖百校联赛获奖课件.pptx

Chapter2 Organizing for Chapter2 Organizing for Project ManagementProject Management1第1页第一段：The management of construction projects requires knowledge of modern management as well as an understanding of the design and construction process.建设项目管理要求当代管理、以及设计和施工过程知识。Construction projects have a specific set of objectives and constraints such as a required time frame for completion.建设项目有一系列详细目标和约束条件，如在要求时限内完成。While the relevant technology,institutional arrangements or process will differ,the management of such projects has much in common with the management of similar types of projects in other specialty or technology domains such as aerospace,pharmaceutical and energy developments.即使相关技术，组织机构或流程会有所不一样，但建设项目同其它一些如航天、医药和能源等专业技术领域项目在管理上依然有共同之处。2.1 What is Project Management2.1 What is Project Management2.1 What is Project Management2.1 What is Project Management什么是项目管理什么是项目管理什么是项目管理什么是项目管理2第2页Generally,project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project.普通来说，项目管理是区分于普通以任务为导向项目性质企业管理。A project organization will generally be terminated when the mission is accomplished.项目组织普通是任务完成时项目便终止。According to the Project Management Institute,the discipline of project management can be defined as follows:依据项目管理协会，项目管理学科能够定义为以下：3第二段：第二段：第二段：第二段：第3页4Project management is the art of directing and coordinating human and material resources throughout the life of a project by using modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope,cost,time,quality and participation satisfaction.项目管理是使用当代管理技术指导和协调整个项目周期人力和物力，以实现预定范围、成本、时间、质量和参加者满意度目标艺术。4第三段：第三段：第三段：第三段：第4页By contrast,the general management of business and industrial corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of operation.与此形成对照，普通工商企业普通管理更广泛地着眼于业务更佳连续性。Nevertheless,there are sufficient similarities as well as differences between the two so that modern management techniques developed for general management may be adapted for project management.不过，二者之间也有足够相同性和差异，方便项目管理适应为普通管理开发当代管理技术。5第四段：第四段：第四段：第四段：第5页The basic ingredients for a project management framework may be represented schematically in Figure2-1.项目管理框架最基本原因由图2-1所表示。A working knowledge of general management（综合、普通）and familiarity with the special knowledge domain related to the project are indispensable.普通管理应用知识和（对）项目相关专业知识领域（熟知）是不可缺乏。Supporting disciplines（学科）such as computers science and decision science may also play an important role.比如计算机科学和决议科学之类支持学科可能也饰演一个主要角色。In fact,modern management practices and various special knowledge domains have absorbed various techniques or tools which were once identified only with the supporting disciplines.实际上，当代管理实践与各专业知识领域已经吸收（应用）了各种不一样技术和工具，而这些技术和工具曾一度仅仅被视作属于支持性学科范围。6第五段：第五段：第五段：第五段：第6页For example,computer-based information system and decision support systems are now commonplace tools for general management.比如，计算机信息系统和决议支持系统是现在管理普通工具。Similarly,many operations research techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are now widely used in many knowledge or application domains.一样，许多运筹学技术比如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使用于许多知识或应用领域。Hence,the representation in Figure2-1 reflects only the sources from which the project management framework evolves.所以，图2-1中显示反应了项目管理框架演变唯一起源。7第7页Specifically,project management in construction encompasses a set of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing（实施）a series of operations subject to resource constraints.详细来说，建设项目管理包含一系列目标，这些目标可能是经过实施给定资源约束下一系列运作才能实现。There are potential conflicts between the stated objectives with regard to scope,cost,time and quality,and the constraints imposed on human material and financial resources.范围、成本、时间、质量既定目标，和人力、物力和财力资源约束之间有潜在冲突。8第六段第六段第六段第六段第8页These conflicts should be resolved at the onset of a project（在项目标开始）by making the necessary tradeoffs or creating new alternatives.在项目标一开始，这些冲突必须经过必要权衡或新备选方案来处理。Subsequently,the functions of project management for construction generally include the following:其次，建设项目管理功效普通包含以下内容：9第9页Specification（特定）of project objectives and plans including delineation of scope,budgeting,scheduling,setting performance requirement,and selecting project participants.项目标特定目标和计划，包含划定范围、编制预算、行程安排、设置性能要求，和选择项目参加者。Maximization of efficient resource utilization through procurement of labor,materials and equipment according to the prescribed schedule and plan.依据要求进度和计划，采购劳动力、材料和设备使资源有效利用最大化。10第10页Implementation of various operations through proper coordination and control of planning,design,estimating,contracting and construction in the entire process.在项目全过程中，经过对计划、设计、估算、协议和施工适当协调控制来实施各项运作。Development of effective communications and mechanisms for resolving conflicts among the various participants.发展有效沟通和各参加者之间处理冲突机制。11第11页The Project Management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas requiring project manager knowledge and attention:项目管理协会要求项目经理知识和注意力集中于9个不一样领域：1.Project integration management to ensure that the various project elements are effectively coordinated.项目集成管理，以确保有效协调各种项目要素。12第七段第七段第七段第七段第12页2.Project scope management to ensure that all the work required(and only the required work)is included.项目范围管理，以确保全部工作要求（只有所需工作）。3.Project time management to provide an effective project schedule.项目时间管理，提供有效项目日程安排。4.Project cost management to identify needed resources and maintain budget control.工程造价管理（项目成本管理），以确定所需资源和编制预算控制。13第13页5.Project quality management to ensure functional requirements are met.项目质量管理，以确保功效要求得到满足。6.Project human resource management to development and effectively employ project personnel.项目人力资源管理，开发和有效地利用项目人员。7.Project communications management to ensure effective internal and external communications.项目沟通管理，以确保有效内部和外部沟通。8.Project risk management to analyze and mitigate potential risks.项目风险管理，分析和缓解潜在风险。14第14页9.Project procurement management to obtain necessary resources from external sources.项目采购管理，从外部资源取得必要资源。These nine areas form the basis of the Project Management Institutes certification program for project managers in any industry.这九个领域是任何行业项目经理取得项目管理协会认证程序基础。15第15页一、英译汉1.Generally,project management is distinguished from the general management of corporations by the mission-oriented nature of a project.普通来说，项目管理是区分于普通以项目任务为导向性质企业管理。2.By contrast,the general management of business and industrial corporations assumes a broader outlook with greater continuity of operation.与此形成对照，普通工商企业管理更广泛地着眼于业务更佳连续性。16StudyStudy and Practicesand Practices第16页3.Similarly,many operations research techniques such as linear programming and network analysis are now widely used in many knowledge or application domains.一样，许多运筹学技术比如线性规划和网络分析现在广泛使用于许多知识或应用领域。4.Contractual relationships among members of the team are intended to minimize adversarial relationships and contribute to greater response within the group.团体组员之间协议关系是打算尽可能降低敌对关系，并有利于提升本团体内合作响应。5.Consequently,it is important to recognize the changing nature of the organizational structure as a project is carried out in various stages.所以，主要是要认识到作为一个项目在各个阶段组织结构不停改变性质。17第17页6.Formal authority resulting from an official capacity which is empowered to issue orders.有官方身份正式授权（单位）有权发出订单。7.Reward and/or penalty power resulting from his/her capacity to dispense directly or indirectly valued organization rewards or penalties.奖励权和/或处罚权是依据他/她能力由组织直接或间接分配奖励或处罚额度。8.When contending issue of more fundamental nature are developed,they must be brought to the attention of high level in the management and be resolved expeditiously.当最根本问题争议是发展时，他们必须关注管理水平高（项目），并尽快处理。18第18页1.It is not so important that whether construction projects have a specific set of objectives and constrains or not.2.A project organization will generally still be existed when the mission is accomplished.3.The purpose for project time management is to ensure functional requirements are met.（to provide an effective project schedule.）4.There are potential conflicts between the stated objectives with regard to scope,cost,time and quality,and the constraints imposed on human,material and financial resources.（V）5.The extent to which decision-making will be centralized or decentralized is crucial to the organization of the mega-project.二、改错并翻译二、改错并翻译19第19页A:I was wondering if you could answer a few questions for me?B:Sure.Go ahead.A:我在想，假如你能回答我几个问题？B:当然能够。来吧。A:Could you introduce to me that how did you develop an interest in“Contract Management&Claims”in quantity surveying area?B:Acquiring a broad range of experience is most important and this has provided me with a more informed basis upon which,at this stage in my career,to further develop my interest in this area.A：你能否告诉我，你对“协议管理与索赔”中展开工料测量面积是怎么产生兴趣？B：在我当前职业生涯中取得广泛经验是非常主要，它为我提供了一个更坚实基础，并有利于激发我在这方面兴趣。三、对话三、对话20第20页A：From your viewpoint,how can surveying attract more women?B：The perception of surveying male dominated probably does still persist to some extent today,although this is changing,because people have been made more aware of the diversity and opportunities offered by the profession,and therefore I do not consider why there should specifically be a need to attract more women to surveying.A：在你看来，搞测量怎么吸引更多女性？B：即使人们意识到职业多样化和机遇，观念也正在发生转变，但测量工作以男性为主导观念依旧有一定程度影响。所以我认为没有特殊需要去吸引女性去做测量工作。21第21页A：Could you imagine the construction industry in?B：The economy is showing definite signs of recovery,consumer confidence is rising,unemployment is falling and the property market is recovering from deflation.However,the recovery remains cautions in the aftermath of SARS and sensitive to global economic factors.Notwithstanding,with the resumption of land sales and continued government investment in infrastructure projects,the outlook for the construction industry is healthier than it has been and on course（在要求过程中）for a slow but continued recovery.A：你能想象在建筑业情况？B：经济复苏明确迹象显示，消费者信心上升，失业率下降，楼市从通货紧缩中复苏。然而，经济复苏依然要担心SARS后遗症和全球经济原因敏感性影响。尽管如此，土地买卖恢复和政府对基础设施项目标连续投资，使建筑业前景比过去愈加健康，虽比预定过程发展迟缓但连续复苏。22第22页A:By the way,I would like to know what is your favorite building in HongKong?B:Maybe the 1950s Art Deco/Art Modern Bank of China Building in Des Voeux Road Central.Although the building interior went through a complete redesign and renovation in the late 90s to accommodate modern banking space,the exterior look has been preserved.A:顺便问一下，我想了解下，在香港你最喜欢建筑物是哪个？B:应该是1950年在德辅道建装饰艺术/中国建筑艺术当代银行。即使在90年代后期为适应当代银行空间对建筑物内部经过了全方面重新设计和装修，但外观依然保留至今。23第23页A：Last,lets talk about an easiest topic.What do you usually do in your spare time?B:Most of the working week I may be spent sitting in front of a computer.And I also attempt to make use of my spare time out-of-doors,either playing hockey,swimming,cycling or walking.A:I guess Ive probably taken up enough of your time.Thanks a lot.B:Ive enjoyed talking with you.A：最终，让我们轻松些。你通常怎样安排你业余时间？B：我可能会坐在电脑前完成每七天工作。我业余时间多是户外运动，比如打曲棍球，游泳，骑自行车或散步。A：我想我已经占有了你很多时间了。非常感激。B：我喜欢与你交谈。24第24页