专八翻译真题及答案省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

英语专业八级翻译英语专业八级翻译第1页(1):CE【1996】n近读报纸，对国内名片和请柬议论颇多，于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到法国人手中名片和请柬，随笔记下来，似乎不无借鉴之处。n在巴黎，名目繁多酒会、冷餐会是广交朋友好机会。在这种场所陌生人相识，假如是亚洲人，他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己名片呈递给对方，这好像是不可缺乏礼节。然而，法国人普通却都不大主动递送名片，双方见面寒喧几句甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机，希望继续交往时，才会主动掏知名片。二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。n法国人名片考究朴素大方，印制精美，但极少有镶金边儿，闪光多色或带香味儿，名片上字体纤细秀丽，本人名字也不过分突出，整张纸片上空白很大，毫无拥挤不堪感觉。第2页Keyto(1):C-E【1996】nInreadingrecentnewspapers,IhavecometofindthatpeopleinChinahavebecomemoreandmoreinterestedindiscussingaboutnamecardsandinvitationletters.ThishastriggeredmyreminiscencesofthenamecardsandinvitationlettersoftheFrenchpeoplethatIsawwhenIwasresidinginParis.Inwritingdownthoserandomreminiscences,Ibelievethattheymightprovidesomeusefulinformationforustolearnfrom.nInParis,allthewinepartiesandbuffetreceptionsheldonvariousoccasionsprovideoptimumopportunitiestomakefriendswithallvarietiesofpeople.Whenencounteringastrangeronsuchanoccasion,anAsianwouldinvariablyhandoverhisnamecardtothenewly-metstrangerwithfullreverence,withbothofhishands,evenbeforehestartstoconversewiththestranger.Suchanactseemstohavebecomeanindispensableritual(formality/etiquette).Bycontrast,anaverageFrenchmanseldomtakestheinitiativeto(offersto/volunteersto)presenthisnamecard.Instead,hewouldsimplywalkawayafteranexchangeofroutinegreetingsorevensomeaimless(random/casual)chat.Onlywhenbothsidesbecomedeeplyengrossed(engaged/involved)intheirconversationandhavetheintentiontomakefurtheracquaintancewitheachotherwouldtheyoffertogivetheirnamecards.ItwouldseemsomehowbizarreifaFrenchpersonoffershisnamecardwithoutsayinganythingtothestrangerinthefirstplace.nTheFrenchtendtotakeextraordinaryprecautiontomaketheirnamecardssimpleyetelegant.Exquisitelydesignedandprinted,theirnamecardsareseldomgolden-framed,orcolorfullyshiny,ortintedwithfragrantsmells.Thelettersasappearontheirnamecardstendtobediminutivebutbeautiful,notallowingthenameofthecard-bearertobeoverlyprominent/salient.Theentirecardcontainsmuchemptyspace,impartingnosenseofover-crowdedness.第3页(2)E-C【1996】nFourmonthsbeforetheelectionday,fivemengatheredinasmallconferenceroomattheReagan-Bushheadquartersandreviewedanoversizecalendarthatmarkedtheremainingdaysofthe1984presidentialcampaign.ItwasthelastSaturdayinJuneandattenoclockinthemorningtherestoftheofficewaspracticallydeserted.Evenso,themenkeptthedoorshutandthedrapescarefullydrawn.Thethreeprincipalsandtheirtwodeputieshadcomefromaroundthecountryforacriticalmeeting.TheiraimwastodeviseastrategythatwouldguaranteeRonaldReagansresoundingreelectiontoasecondtermintheWhiteHouse.nItshouldhavebeeneasy.Thesewerebattle-testedveteranswithlongtiestoReaganandevenlongeronestotheRepublicanparty,menwhounderstoodpresidentialpoliticsaswellasanyinthecountry.Thebackdropofthecampaignwashospitable,withlotsofgoodnewstoworkwith:Americawasatpeace,andthenationseconomy,akeyfactorinanyelection,wasreboundingvigorouslyafterrecession.Furthermore,thecampaignitselfwaslavishlyfinanced,withplentyofmoneyforatopflightstaff,travel,andtelevisioncommercials.And,mostimportant,theircandidatewasRonaldReagan,apresidentoftremendouspersonalpopularityanddazzlingcommunicationskills.ReaganhassucceededmorethananypresidentsinceJohn.F.KennedyinprojectingabroadvisionofAmerica-anationofrenewedmilitarystrength,individualinitiative,andsmallerfederalgovernment.第4页Keyto(2):E-C【1996】1n这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场老将，他们跟共和党则有更深厚渊源，是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治人。竞选背景也很有利，也很多好消息可供炒作。比如，美国上下一片和平，美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间衰退之后开始强劲反弹。另外，这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助，所以有充裕资用于组织一流竞选班子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告费用。而最主要一点是，他们候选人是罗纳德里根，他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧总统。自约翰F肯尼迪总统以来，里根是最成功地勾勒出美国蓝图总统：一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简国家。第5页Keyto(2):E-C【1996】2n在离选举日还有四个月时间，有五个人聚集在里根布什总部一个小型会议室里，翻着看一张硕大无比日历，日历上清楚地标识出了1984年总统竞选剩下日子。这是六月份最终一个星期六早晨10时，整幢办公楼其它部分几近人去楼空。即便如此，这几个人仍将大门紧闭，小心翼翼地拉下窗帘。三个主要人物及其二个副手从美国不一样地方汇聚在一起，召开一个殊为主要会议。他们目标是构思出一个策略，来确保里根能再次当选，在第二任期内再度入主白宫。n要寻求再次当选理应轻而易举。这是一些久经沙场退伍老兵，与里根有着千丝万缕漫长联络，与共和党联络甚至更为久远。这些人深谙总统政治，一如他们熟知这个国家中全部政治事务那样。竞选背景十分宜人，可供大做文章好消息俯拾皆是：美国正置身于太平盛世之中；作为选举一个关键原因，整个国家经济在步出萧条期之后正强劲反弹。另外，竞选本身所筹得款项更是不计其数。用于支付一流水平竞争班子工作人员工资、进行巡回造势、以及制作播放电视广告钱款绰绰有余。最为主要是，他们所推介总统候选人是罗纳尔德里根（RonaldReagan），一位风度翩翩，魅力无穷，又极具迷人沟通技巧执政总统。与约翰F肯尼迪（JohnF.Kennedy）以来任何一位历届总统相比，里根更成功地勾勒出了一幅辽阔关于美国未来前景-美国将成了一个重振军事雄风、民众富于个人进取心、联邦政府愈加精简高效国家。第6页(3):C-E【1997】n来美国求学中国学生与其它亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天时间去试验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，结果出得较多。我导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气急躁。但他十分观赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实基础知识，也尤其了解亚裔学生心理。所以，在他试验室所招学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在试验室门上贴一醒目招牌：本室助研必须每七天工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。这位导师严格及苛刻是全校有名，在我所呆3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他试验室，最终博士毕业只剩下5人。1990年夏天，我不顾他人劝阻，硬着头皮接收了导师资助，从此开始了艰难求学旅程。第7页Keyto(3):C-E【1997】nLikestudentsfromotherAsiancountriesandregions,mostChinesestudentswhocometopursuefurthereducationintheUnitedStatesworkontheirstudiesmostdiligentlyandassiduously.Evenonweekends,theywouldfrequentlyspendoneday,oreventwodays,toworkovertimeintheirlaboratories.Therefore,comparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,theyaremoreacademicallyfruitful.Mysupervisor(advisor/tutor)isofAsianoriginwhoisaddictedtoalcoholsandcigarettes,withasharp(anirritable)temper.Nevertheless,hehighlyappreciatestheindustryandthesolidfoundationalknowledgeofAsianstudentsandhasaparticularlykeeninsightintothepsychologyofAsianstudents.Hence,ofallthestudentsrecruitedbyhislaboratory,exceptforoneGerman,therestfivewereallfromAsia.Heevenputastrikingnoticeonthedoorofhislab,whichread,Alltheresearchassistantsofthislaboratoryarerequiredtowork7daysaweek,from10AMto12PM.Nothingbutworkduringtheworkinghours.Thissupervisorisreputedontheentirecampusforhisseverityandharshness.Inthecourseofthe3andhalfyearsthatIstayedthere,atotalof14studentswererecruitedintohislaboratoryandonly5ofthemstayedonuntiltheygraduatedwiththeirPh.D.degrees.Inthesummerof1990,ignoringtheremonstrations(admonishments/dissuasions)fromothers,Iacceptedmysupervisorssponsorshipandembarkedonthedifficultjourneyofacademicpursuit(undertakingfurtherstudiesintheUnitedStates).第8页(4)E-C【1997】nOperaisexpensive:thatmuchisinevitable.Butexpensivethingsarenotinevitablytheprovinceoftherichunlessweabdicatesocietyspowerofchoice.Wecanchoosetomakeopera,andotherexpensiveformsofculture,accessibletothosewhocannotindividuallypayforit.Thequestionis:whyshouldwe?Nobodydeniestheimperativesoffood,shelter,defense,healthandeducation.Buteveninaprehistoriccave,mankindstretchedoutahandnotjusttoeat,drinkorfight,butalsotodraw.Theimpulsetowardsculture,thedesiretoexpressandexploretheworldthroughimaginationandrepresentationisfundamental.InEurope,thisdesirehasfoundfulfillmentinthemasterpiecesofourmusic,art,literatureandtheatre.Thesemasterpiecesarethetouchstonesforallourefforts;theyarethetouchstonesforthepossibilitiestowhichhumanthoughtandimaginationmayaspire;theycarrythemostprofoundmessagesthatcanbesentfromonehumantoanother.第9页Keyto(4):E-C【1997】n聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。不过，昂贵事物并非必定属于富人范围，除非我们放弃社会选择权。我们能够选择去使歌剧以及其它一些昂贵文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否定食物、居所、防护、健康与教育不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化冲动，经过形象思维和再现伎俩来表现并探索世界欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作组成了我们全部努力试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡量出人类思想和想象力所可能企及程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻主题，可在人类彼此间相互传递。第10页(5)C-E【1998】n1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最终一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四面峰峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。望着台湾这仅有景色如画天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多n这次到台湾访问交流，即使行程急忙，不过，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论一个主要话题就是中华民族在二十一世纪强盛。即使祖国大陆、台湾青年生活在不一样社会环境中，有着各自不一样生活经历，但大家内心都深深铭刻着中华文化优异传统印记，都拥有着振兴中华民族共同理想。在世纪之交伟大时代，我们祖国正在走向繁荣富强，海峡两岸人民也将加强交流，共同推进祖国统一大业早日完成。世纪之交宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样姿态迎接充满希望新世纪，这是我们必须回答问题。n日月潭水波不兴，好像与我一同在思索第11页Keyto(5):C-E【1998】nThecurrentvisittoTaiwanforexchange,briefandcursoryasitis,hasenabledustoseemanyplaces,tovisitoldfriendswhilemakingnewacquaintances.Wheneverpeoplegathertogether,animportanttopicofdiscussionhasbeenhowtheChinesenationcanbecomeprosperousandpowerfulinthe21stcentury.AlthoughtheyoungpeopleontheMainlandandinTaiwanliveindifferentsocialcontexts(environments/milieus),withtheirindividuallydifferentexperiencesoflife,intheinnermostrecessesoftheirheartsarewroughtanindeliblemarkbythefinetraditionsoftheChineseculture.TheyallcherishthesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation(TheysharethesameidealtorejuvenatetheChinesenation).Inthisgreatepochattheturnofthecentury,ourmotherlandisdevelopingtowardgreaterprosperityandpowerfulness.PeopleacrosstheTaiwanStraitsareboundtostrengthentheirexchangesandwillmutuallypromotetheearliestpossibleachievementofthegreatcauseofreunificationofthemotherland.Thepreciousopportunitiesandthetremendouschallengesattheturnofthecenturyhavepushedtheyoungpeopletotheforeground(forefront)ofthehistoricalarena(stage).Atthistransitionalphasebetweenthetwomillennia,inwhatwaytheyounggenerationshouldembracetheforthcomingnewcenturyrepletewithhopesisaquestiontowhichwehavetoseekananswer.第12页(6)E-C【1998】nTospeakofAmericanliterature,then,isnottoassertthatitiscompletelyunlikethatofEurope.Broadlyspeaking,AmericaandEuropehavekeptstep.Atanygivenmomentthetravelercouldfindexamplesinbothofthesamearchitecture,thesamestylesindress,thesamebooksontheshelves.IdeashavecrossedtheAtlanticasfreelyasmenandmerchandise,thoughsometimesmoreslowly.WhenIrefertoAmericanhabit,thoughts,etc.,Iintendsomesortofqualificationtoprecedetheword,forfrequentlythedifferencebetweenAmericaandEurope(especiallyEngland)willbeoneofdegree,sometimesonlyofasmalldegree.Theamountofdivergenceisasubtleaffair,liabletoperplextheEnglishmanwhenhelooksatAmerica.Heislookingatacountrywhichinimportantsensesgrewoutofhisown,whichinseveralwaysstillresembleshisownandwhichisyetaforeigncountry.Thereareoddoverlappingsandabruptunfamiliarities;kinshipyieldstoasuddenalienation,aswhenwehailapersonacrossthestreet,onlytodiscoverfromhisblankresponsethatwehavemistakenastrangerforafriend.第13页Keyto(6):E-C【1998】n那么，要谈论美国文学，倒并非意欲断言，它与欧洲文学全然大相径庭。广而言之，美国与欧洲一直同时发展，协调一致。在任何一个特定时刻，旅行者在两地均能目睹同一样式建筑实例，相同款式衣饰，书架上相同书籍。在大西洋两岸，思想如同人员与货物往来一样自由交流，尽管有时会略显迟缓。当我提及美国式习惯、思想等概念时，我意欲在“美国式”这一词汇之前加上某种限定，因为欧美（尤其是英美）之间差异往往只是程度上差异而已，而且有时候仅仅只是微乎其微一点程度差异而已。差异多寡是件极为微妙事务，这极轻易使一个英国人在审阅美国时大惑不解。他所审阅那个国家，从一些主要意义上来说，诞生于他自己国家，并在一些方面仍与他自己国家相差无几然而，它却实实在在是一个异邦。二者间存在着一些古怪交替重迭，以及令人甚感突兀陌生感；亲缘关系已让位于一个突如其来异化与疏远，这种情景好像就像我们隔着马路向另一个人打招呼，结果却从这个人漠无表情反应中发觉，我们原来竟将一个陌生人误认为我们熟人。第14页(7)C-E【1999】n加拿大温哥华1986年刚才度过百岁生日，但城市发展令世界瞩目。以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展道路。经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港温哥华，成为举世闻名港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲都有定时班轮，年货物吞吐量到达8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。n温哥华（Vancouver）辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋结晶，其中包含多民族贡献。加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。吸收外来移民，是加拿大长久奉行国策。能够说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不一样只是时间长短而已。温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数多民族城市。现今180万温哥华居民中，有二分之一不是在当地出生，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。而25万华人对温哥华经济转型起着决定性作用。他们其中有二分之一是近5年才来到温哥华地域，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大中国人聚居地。第15页Keyto(7):C-E【1999】1nThegloryofVancouverhasbeenachievedthroughthewisdomandtheindustryoftheVancouverpeople,includingthecontributionsofmanyethnicgroups.Canada,sparselypopulated,hasaterritorylargerthanthatofChina,butitspopulationisonlylessthan30million.Consequently,toattractingimmigrantsfromothercountrieshasbecomeanationalpolicylongpracticed/followed/cherishedbyCanada.AllCanadiansexcepttheAmericanIndians,sotospeak,areforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenon-nativesandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinthetransformationofVancouverseconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveroverthepastfiveyearsonly,renderingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseinhabit.第16页Keyto(7):C-E【1999】2nIn1986,Vancouver,Canada,justmarkeditscentennialanniversary,buttheachievementsmadebythecityinitsurbandevelopmenthavealreadycapturedworldwideattention.Tobuildupacityandmodelitseconomyonthebasisofaharboristheusualpracticethatportcitiesresorttofortheirexistenceanddevelopment.Afteracenturysconstructionanddevelopment,Vancouver,whichboastsofanaturally-formedice-freeharbor,hasbecomeaninternationallycelebratedportcity,operatingregularoceanlinerswithAsia,Oceania,EuropeandLatinAmerica.Itsannualcargo-handlingcapacityreaches80milliontons,withonethirdofthecitysemployedpopulationengagedintradeandtransportationbusiness.nThegloriousachievementsofVancouveristhecrystallization(fruition)ofthewisdom(intelligence)andtheindustryoftheVancouverpeopleasawhole,includingthecontributionsmadebyadiversityofethnicminorities.Canadaisalargecountrywithasmallpopulation.AlthoughitsterritoryisbiggerthanthatofChina,itonlyhasapopulationoflessthan30millionpeople.Consequently,toattractandtoacceptforeignimmigrantshavebecomeanationalpolicylongobservedbyCanada.Itcanbesafelyassertedthat,exceptforIndians,allCanadiancitizensareforeignimmigrants,differingonlyinthelengthoftimetheyhavesettledinCanada.Vancouver,inparticular,isoneofthefewmostcelebratedmulti-ethniccitiesintheworld.Atpresent,amongthe1.8millionVancouverresidents,halfofthemarenotnative-bornandoneoutofeveryfourresidentsisfromAsia.The250,000ChinesetherehaveplayedadecisiveroleinfacilitatingthetransformationoftheVancouvereconomy.HalfofthemhavecometosettleinVancouveronlyoverthepastfiveyears,makingVancouverthelargestareaoutsideAsiawheretheChineseconcentrate.第17页(8)E-C【1999】nInsomesocietiespeoplewantchildrenforwhatmightbecalledfamilialreasons:toextendthefamilylineorthefamilyname,topropitiatetheancestors;toenabletheproperfunctioningofreligiousritualsinvolvingthefamily.Suchreasonsmayseemthininthemodern,secularizedsocietybuttheyhavebeenandarepowerfulindeedinotherplaces.nInaddition,oneclassoffamilyreasonssharesaborderwiththefollowingcategory,namely,havingchildreninordertomaintainorimproveamarriage:toholdthehusbandoroccupythewife;torepairorrejuvenatethemarriage;toincreasethenumberofchildrenontheassumptionthatfamilyhappinessliesthatway.Thepointisunderlinedbyitsconverse:insomesocietiesthefailuretobearchildren(ormales)isathreattothemarriageandareadycausefordivorce.nBeyondallthatistheprofoundsignificanceofchildrentotheveryinstitutionofthefamilyitself.Tomanypeople,husbandandwifealonedonotseemaproperfamily-theyneedchildrentoenrichthecircle,tovalidateitsfamilycharacter,togathertheredemptiveinfluenceofoffspring.Childrenneedthefamily,butthefamilyseemsalsotoneedchildren,asthesocialinstitutionuniquelyavailable,atleastinprinciple,forsecurity,comfort,assurance,anddirectioninachanging,oftenhostile,world.Tomostpeople,suchahomebase,intheliteralsense,needsmorethanonepersonforsustenanceandingenerationalextension.第18页Keyto(8):E-C【1999】n在一些社会中，人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓家庭原因：传宗接代，光宗耀祖，博取祖辈欢心，使那些包括到整个家族宗教仪式得以发挥其应有作用。这类原因在当代世俗化社会中似显苍白，但它们在其它地方曾一度组成并确实仍在组成强有力理由。n另外，有一类家庭原因与以下类别不无共通之处，这便是：生儿育女是为着维系或改进婚姻：能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不致于无所事事；修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新活力；多子多孙，认为家庭幸福，惟系于此。这一点更可因其相反情形而得以凸现：在一些社会中，无法生儿育女（或无法生育男孩）于婚姻而言可组成一个威胁，并可作为离婚一个顺理成章（或现成）缘由。n除了全部这一切以外，还有一个原因，那就是后代对于家庭这一体制本身所含有深远意义。对许多人来说，夫妇两人尚不足以组成一个真正意义上家庭-夫妻需要孩子来丰富其两人小天地，赋予该小天地以真正意义上家庭性质，并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。孩子需要家庭，但家庭似乎也需要孩子。作为一个社会体制，家庭以其特有方式，最少从标准上说，可在一个变幻莫测、经常是充满敌意世界中让人从中获取某种安全、慰藉、保障，以及价值取向。于大多数人而言，这么一个家庭基础，即使从其表层意义上来讲，也需要不至一个人来维持其存在，并使其世代相传，生生不息。第19页(7)C-En徐霞客一生周游考查了16个省，足迹几乎遍布全国。他在考查过程中，从来不盲目迷信书本上结论。他发觉前人研究地理记载有许多不很可靠地方。为了进行真实细致考查，他极少乘车坐船，几乎全靠双脚翻山越岭，长途跋涉；为了搞清大自然真相，他总是挑选道路艰险山区，人烟稀少森林进行考查，发觉了许多奇山秀景；他经常选择不一样时间和季节，屡次重游各地名山，重复观察变换奇景。第20页Keyto(7):C-EnDuringhislifetime,XuXiaketraveledaroundandconductedsurveysin16provinces.Helefthisfootstepsinvirtuallyeverypartofthecountry.Intheprocessofconductinghissurveysandinves