名词性从句省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

第1页 名词性从句 主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-主语宾语表语同位语1.That he will come is certain.2.I know that he will come.3.The truth is that I have been there.4.The fact that she was late surprised us.主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句第2页1.为何叫名词性从句？2._整个从句相当于一个名词比较:The man looked around.That the boy failed again in the exam disappointed his mother.一样作主语，从句能够表示较复杂含义,普通是个动作或性质I know him.I know that he is writing his composition in his room2.为何要有名词性从句？那人看了看四面.(名词作主语)那孩子考试又不及格令他母亲很失望.(从句作主语)我知道他在房间里写作文.从句特征:是一个句子,有一个引导词,引导词做从句一个成份(that 除外)名词能做成份,从句都能做 从句表示意思比名词复杂得多第3页 主语从句that whether who whom whose what which when where why how从 句引导词:1.That he knows Japanese is known to all.他懂英语,这一点大家都知道令我诧异是在这儿见到他.3.When he will come is unknown.4.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.他来不来没什么要紧他什么时候来不清楚.他们是怎么登上山顶仍是个秘密.5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.主语从句位置 1.在句首 2.主语较长时通常放在后面,句首主语用 It 主语太长了!放到句尾Details Details Details Details That无词义无词义,不可省略不可省略What“什么”,“所.”2.What surprised me was to see him here.When“什么时候”主语从句主语从句不用不用 if位于句首位于句首第4页 It 作主语惯用句型有:1.It+be+形容词+that 从句2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity.)+that 从句3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought.)+that 从句4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen.)+that 从句 It is a pity that we cant go swimming.It is said that he told her everything.It happened that I was out that day.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.1.真可惜我们不能去游泳.2.恰巧那天我外出了.3.他考试必定会考好.4.听说他已告诉了她一切.注意:It looked that he was right.()能够说:It looks as if.happen只有 it 句型It is said只有 it 句型More 第5页 用形式主语 it 主语从句常见结构1.It is clear(necessary,important,possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要,主要,可能,值得注意等)2.It is a fact(a good thing,good news)that 事实是 (好事是,好消息是)3.It is well-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that众所周知(据报道,据记载,听说,据预计)4.It turns out (seems,happens,appears)that 结果是(似乎是,恰巧是,好象是)5.It has been found(has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out)that 已发觉(已证实,能够看出,需指出)第6页用 it 句型翻译:1.听说今年高一学生要学新教材.2.事实是他们靠自己完成了全部任务.3.恰巧他们已经参加过军训了.4.众所周知,比尔 盖茨是世界上最富有人.5.我们应该养成好学习习惯这很主要.It is said that the Senior Grade one students will learn a new text this year.It is a fact that they finished all the work by themselves.It happened that they had had their military training.It is well-known that Bill Gates is the richest person in the world.It is important that we(should)form a good habit of studying.Note:It is important/necessary/natural/our duty/essential/strange that sb(should)do sth.固定句型,should能够省略翻译:真奇怪他今天竟然迟到了.It is strange that he should be late today.strange不省略should为好第7页表语从句从 句 同主语从句(11个),外加as if/引导词:as though,1.The truth is that he has never been to the countryside.2.The question is whether w can finish the experiment by Friday.3.It looks as if it were going to rain.实际情况是他从未去过农村.that 普通不省略问题在于我们能否在明天下午之前完成这项试验.表语从句不用 if好象看上去要下雨似.(其实不会)as if/as though从句常表示不真实情况She talks as if/as though she had been there before.她说话口气好象以前往过那儿似.又比如:4.This school is no longer what it was before.这所学校已不再是从前那个样子了.what=the thing that More 系动词后面系动词后面第8页注意以下表语从句中where,how,why 译法1.This is where Lu Xun once lived.2.That was how they won the match.3.This is why she got up so early this morning.这就是鲁迅曾经住过地方.他们就是这么赢得这场比赛.这就是她为何今天早上起得这么早原因.1.我们就是这么克服困难.2.那就是他昨天缺席原因.3.这就是我们上星期碰头地方.This is/That was how we overcame the difficulties.That is why he was absent yesterday.This is where we met last Sunday.This is 总是现在时That is 表示性质 That was 指过去动作固定句型:This is where This is why This is how.这就是地方这就是原因这就是方法第9页宾语从句中连接词宾语从句中连接词that在以下三种情况下不能在以下三种情况下不能省略：省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个宾语时，第二个that不能省；不能省；（2）当）当that作介词宾语时，作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做形式宾语宾语从句做形式宾语宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.宾语从句第10页whether与与if辨用辨用表“是否”时，在以下情况下用whether。a.主语从句主语从句b.表语从句表语从句c.同位语从句同位语从句e.介词后宾语从句介词后宾语从句f.后接动词不定式后接动词不定式(whether to do sth.)g.whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从连在一起引导宾语从句时不用句时不用if第11页1).whether和和if都能够引导宾语从句都能够引导宾语从句 a.当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时,不用不用if.eg:I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词介词后面宾语从句不能用后面宾语从句不能用if.eg:I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.注意注意 whether和和if使用区分使用区分第12页Practice timeif/whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.8.I dont know _ to go.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether第13页1.I doubt if/whether he will pass the exam.2.I dont doubt that we will win the match.3.Do you doubt that he did it on his own?doubt问题必定句中用 if/whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that 1.I doubt _he is telling the truth.2.We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out.3.Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?4.Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.if/whether that that if/whether第14页 宾语从句经常做介词宾语1.The Swede stood still,except _ his lips moved slightly.2.She is not satisfied with _ she has achieved.3.Mary always thinks of _ she can do more for the class.4.He wrote a letter of thanks to _ helped him.(任何一个)5.It depends on if we have enough time.whether we have enough time.介词后面不用 if that what how whoever6.Are you sorry for which you have done?what you have done?介词后面不用 which 宾语从句经常作表语形容词宾语1.Im afraid (that)Ill be late.2.We were surprised that he lost the game.我恐怕要迟到了.that 能够省略我们对他在比赛中失败感到惊异.这类表语形容词有:afraid pleased happysatisfied anxious suresurprised certain gladaware用它们造句that 从句只跟在 except,but,in,besides,save五个介词后面M 第15页1.We think that middle school students master one foreign language possible.(改用形式宾语 it)2.2.We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear.(改用形式宾语 it)我认为学好英语是必要.I consider that we should learn English well necessary.We consider her suitable for the job.宾语宾补consider find think feel make 等动词常带宾语补足语,这时要用形式宾语 it,宾语从句放到宾补之后We think it possible that middle school students master one foreign language.We have made it clear that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life.More I consider it necessary that we should learn English wellit不能漏从句后移第16页correction1.The emperor was pleased by which the minister told him about it.2.Are you sorry for that you have annoyed him?3.I find that this should be kept secret for the time being necessary.4.Can you doubt if she will succeed?5.I worried about if my brother will return in time.6.She said that she has never told a lie.7.Will you tell me when he leaves for Paris?8.Our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of us.9.It looked that he was well prepared for the unexpected challenge.10.That he said moved everyone present.whatit necessary that this should be kept secret for the time beingthat she will succeed?whether my brother will return in time.had will leave for Paris?That our football team won the match last Sunday excited all of usWhatIt seemedwhich不做介词宾语that不做介词宾语从句缺乏引导词that不做句子成份没有It look that表示式第17页同位语从句被修饰词有:fact,news,hope,opinion,order,question,problem,belief,truth,theory,decision,discovery,conclusion,promise,rumor,fear,thought,suggestion,plan,idea同位语从句说明它们内容常见引导词:that,whether(if),how,wh-疑问词1.The fact that deeds are better than words is quite clear.2.The question how I did it is hard to answer.3.They had no idea where they should go to find some food.4.The question whether he comes or not is not important.(if)5.A thought came to me that he might be in the library.事实胜于雄辨这一道理非常清楚.我怎么做这一问题难回答.他们根本不知去哪儿找食物他是否是否来这个问题不主要.我突然想到他可能在图书馆.被别词隔开that 无词义第18页1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China.第19页4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view._Many British parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.第20页一、同位语从句与定语 从句相同之处1、两种从句都能够译成定语、两种从句都能够译成定语 e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利我们队取得决赛胜利消息令人鼓舞。消息令人鼓舞。The news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们你告诉我们消息真令人鼓舞。消息真令人鼓舞。第21页2、两种从句都能够用、两种从句都能够用that引导引导e.g.The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.（同位语从句）（同位语从句）学生应该学些实用东西学生应该学些实用东西提议值得考虑。提议值得考虑。The suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）（定语从句）值得考虑值得考虑提议是学生应该学些提议是学生应该学些实用东西。实用东西。第22页二、同位语从句与定语二、同位语从句与定语 从句从句不一样之处不一样之处1 1、从句作用不一样：同位语从句用来深入、从句作用不一样：同位语从句用来深入 说明前面名词内容；定语从句用来修饰、说明前面名词内容；定语从句用来修饰、限定前面名词。限定前面名词。e.g.The news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明（从句说明“消息消息”内容：内容：我们队取我们队取得了决赛胜利。得了决赛胜利。）The news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对（从句对“消息消息”加以限定：是加以限定：是你告诉我们你告诉我们，而非来而非来自其它渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）自其它渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）第23页2 2、引导从句关联词、引导从句关联词that功效不一样：功效不一样：that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词，不充当任何成份；而引导定语从句不充当任何成份；而引导定语从句that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成份。中充当成份。e.g.1)Dad made a promise that he would buy me CD player if I passed the English test.（that 不充不充当任何成份）当任何成份）2)Dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。），又在从句中充当主语。）第24页考点之一考点之一:考查名词性从句中考查名词性从句中that与与what区分区分 考例考例:_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what 分析分析:(注注:划线选项为最正确答案划线选项为最正确答案,下下同同.)在名词性从句中在名词性从句中that与与what区分是区分是:that在名词性从句中不作句子成份在名词性从句中不作句子成份,只起只起连接作用连接作用;而而what在名词性从句中不但起在名词性从句中不但起连接作用连接作用,而且作句子成份而且作句子成份.句子意思是句子意思是:我我们不能得到似乎比我们已经拥有要好们不能得到似乎比我们已经拥有要好.此此题考查了两个名词性从句题考查了两个名词性从句:主语从句和宾主语从句和宾语从句语从句,what在这两个名词性从句中都作在这两个名词性从句中都作宾语宾语.第25页考点之二考点之二:考查名词性从句中考查名词性从句中it作形式主语或形作形式主语或形式宾语式宾语 考例考例1:_ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It 分析分析:在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子平在这种名词性从句中为了保持句子平衡衡,往往用先行词往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语作形式主语或形式宾语,而把而把真正主语或宾语放到后面真正主语或宾语放到后面,尤其是尤其是that引导主语引导主语从句往往用先行词从句往往用先行词it作形式主语作形式主语.此句也能够改此句也能够改写为写为:That English is being accepted as an international language is a fact.考例考例2:I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.A.it B.that C.this D.them 分析分析:此题考查是用先行词此题考查是用先行词it作形式宾语作形式宾语,而而把真正宾语从句放到后面把真正宾语从句放到后面.其它几个词均不能作其它几个词均不能作形式宾语形式宾语.第26页考点之三考点之三:考查名词性从句语序考查名词性从句语序 考例考例:The photographs will show you _.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 分析分析:在名词性从句中在名词性从句中,除了关联词要提到句首之外除了关联词要提到句首之外,一律要用陈说句一律要用陈说句语序。当关联词含疑问意义时语序。当关联词含疑问意义时,有学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用有学生就会受习惯影响错误地使用疑问句语序。克服这种错误关键是要找准从句中主语和谓语。本题疑问句语序。克服这种错误关键是要找准从句中主语和谓语。本题句子意思是句子意思是:这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中依据引这些照片会告诉你我们村子是什么样。本题中依据引导词导词what要作介词要作介词like宾语宾语,而副词而副词how不能作介词不能作介词like宾语宾语,所以首所以首先排除先排除C、D,而而A项是疑问句语序项是疑问句语序,故只能选故只能选B。第27页考点考点之四之四:考查名词性从句中考查名词性从句中whether,if以及以及that区分区分 考例考例1:_ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 分析分析:句子意思是句子意思是:我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定我们明天是否去野营要视天气而定.whether与与if当当是否是否讲时区分是讲时区分是:在引导宾语从句时二者能够交换在引导宾语从句时二者能够交换,但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面宾语从但在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句以及介词后面宾语从句或后面紧跟句或后面紧跟or not时通常只能用时通常只能用whether,而不能用而不能用if.考例考例2:What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.when B.how C.whether D.why分析分析:本题句子意思是本题句子意思是:医生真正怀疑是我母亲是否能很快从重病中医生真正怀疑是我母亲是否能很快从重病中恢复过来恢复过来.whether引导是表语从句引导是表语从句.第28页考例考例3:It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.A.while B.that C.if D.for 分析分析:本题句子意思是本题句子意思是:头发变白使她有点儿不安。头发变白使她有点儿不安。It作作形式主语形式主语,that引导是主语从句。引导是主语从句。whether,if以及以及that引引导名词性从句区分是导名词性从句区分是:whether与与if(当当是否是否讲时讲时)引导名引导名词性从句含有疑问意义词性从句含有疑问意义;而而that引导名词性从句不含有疑引导名词性从句不含有疑问意义。问意义。第29页考点之五考点之五:考查名词性从句中疑问词考查名词性从句中疑问词+ever引导名词性从句及其与引导名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导从句区分疑问词引导从句区分 考例考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 分析分析:本题句子意思是本题句子意思是:普通认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智普通认为孩子要什么就给什么是不明智.whatever引导是宾语从句引导是宾语从句,A.however 和和D.whenever是不能作是不能作宾语宾语;而而C.whichever表示表示不论哪一个、不论哪些不论哪一个、不论哪些,表示在一定范表示在一定范围内人或事物围内人或事物,此处并不包括此处并不包括一定范围内人或事物一定范围内人或事物,所以也不能选所以也不能选.第30页考例考例2:Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests.A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who 分析分析:本题句子意思是本题句子意思是:萨拉希望跟自己有共同兴趣人交朋友萨拉希望跟自己有共同兴趣人交朋友.疑问词疑问词+ever引导名词性从句与引导名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导从句区分疑问词引导从句区分是是:前者既能够引导名词性从句也能够引导让步状语从句前者既能够引导名词性从句也能够引导让步状语从句;后者只后者只能引导让步状语从句能引导让步状语从句.首先排除首先排除D.而选而选A.anyone则应在其后加则应在其后加who.从句中需要是主语从句中需要是主语,所以所以whomever也不行也不行.第31页考点之六考点之六:考查名词性从句虚拟语气问题考查名词性从句虚拟语气问题 考例考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language.A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master 分析分析:本题选本题选B.句子意思是句子意思是:大学生最少应该掌握一门外语。大学生最少应该掌握一门外语。It作形式主语作形式主语,that引导主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。引导主语从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气。(1)在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等,谓语谓语动词用虚拟语气动词用虚拟语气(should)+do,惯用句型有惯用句型有:I.It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that.II.It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that.III.It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that.如如:It is strange that she(should)think so.第32页(2)表示提议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面表示提议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词后面宾语从句中要用虚拟语气宾语从句中要用虚拟语气,惯用这类动词有惯用这类动词有suggest,propose,insist,desire,demand,request,order,command等。如等。如:I insist that she(should)do her work alone.(3)主语是主语是suggestion,proposal,request,decision等等表示表示提议、请求、要求、决定等提议、请求、要求、决定等意思词时意思词时,表语从句中表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如。如:His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the question.第33页(4)表示表示提议、请求、命令、要求、决定等提议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意思意思名词后面同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气名词后面同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(should)+do。如。如:They received orders that the work(should)be done at once.第34页II.Choose the best answer1.They expressed the hope _they would come over to China.A.which B.that C.whom D.when2.The fact_ he didnt see Tom yesterday is true.A.that B.which C.when D.what3.I have no idea _he will come back.A.where B.when C.what D.that第35页II.Choose the best answer4.The news _ surprised everybody yesterday now proves to be false.A.that B.when C.what D.how 5.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that which C.that what D.which that6.Word has come _ some American guests will come for a visit to our college next week.A.what B.whether c.that D.which第36页经典错误及归纳第37页找出以下句子中错误，并总结出规律：找出以下句子中错误，并总结出规律：1.Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?2.I dont know where has he gone.3.The owner of the shop came to see what the matter was.Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.规律一：名词从句中须使用陈说语序！规律一：名词从句中须使用陈说语序！第38页找出以下句子中错误，并总结出规律：找出以下句子中错误，并总结出规律：4.We suggested that we would go to the cinema.5.My idea is that we must do our homework first.6.His proposal that we went there on foot is acceptable.We suggested that we(should)go to the cinema.My idea is that we(should)do our homework first.His proposal