年英语国家文化和社会图说省公共课一等奖全国赛课获奖课件.pptx

/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,1Welcome to The Society&Culture of Major English-speaking CountriesInstructor:Scott SongE-mail:S第1页Unit 3Northern IrelandThe Government of the UK第2页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,3Chapter 2 Northern IrelandQuick Facts and Figures:Capital City:Belfast(贝尔法斯特贝尔法斯特,484,000)Languages:English Official Currency:PoundPopulation:1,692,000 Landforms:In general terms,Northern Ireland is a series of rolling,green hills 第3页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,4Land Divisions:6 counties,including Antrim(安特里姆郡安特里姆郡),Armagh(阿马郡阿马郡),Londonderry(伦敦德里伦敦德里),Down(丹丹恩郡恩郡),Fermanagh(弗马纳郡弗马纳郡)and Tyrone(蒂龙郡蒂龙郡)Other features:The smallest of the four nations.Best known foe its political problemMain political groupings(P.25)Famous landmark:Giants Causeway第4页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,5Flag 第5页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,6Giants Causeway-Wishing Chair 第6页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,7Giants Causeway(堤道堤道)-Hexagonal Lava第7页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,8第8页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,9Honeycomb Basalt Patterns 蜂巢型玄武岩蜂巢型玄武岩第9页Compiled by Scott Song,Compiled by Scott Song,1010/10/10Unit 3The Government of the United Kingdom第10页Compiled by Scott Song,Compiled by Scott Song,1111/10/10Brief introduction of the government of the UK第11页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,12Government type(政府模式政府模式):constitutional monarchy(君主立憲內君主立憲內閣制閣制)英国国王是世袭国家元首。国家一切主要行英国国王是世袭国家元首。国家一切主要行政办法都用女王名义公布，但其活动多属于政办法都用女王名义公布，但其活动多属于礼仪性质，无实权。议会是英国最高立法机礼仪性质，无实权。议会是英国最高立法机构，由国王和上院（贵族院）、下院（众议构，由国王和上院（贵族院）、下院（众议院）组成。下院议员由选举产生，每院）组成。下院议员由选举产生，每5年大年大选一次。下院议长是议会讲话人兼大会主席，选一次。下院议长是议会讲话人兼大会主席，其地位仅次于首相和枢密大臣。枢密院其地位仅次于首相和枢密大臣。枢密院(Privy Council)由以枢密大臣为首约由以枢密大臣为首约300名左右枢密顾问官组成，普通为终生制。名左右枢密顾问官组成，普通为终生制。第12页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,13国会分上、下两院。下院议员由人民选举，国会分上、下两院。下院议员由人民选举，任期任期5年。上院由世袭或加封之贵族、教士或年。上院由世袭或加封之贵族、教士或社会贤达组成。另外，内阁掌握政权，阁员社会贤达组成。另外，内阁掌握政权，阁员由首相提名，经由国王同意任命。另外，首由首相提名，经由国王同意任命。另外，首相为下议院多数党领袖，有权解散、改选下相为下议院多数党领袖，有权解散、改选下议院。议院。第13页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,14國家元首國家元首(Queen/King)最高行政機構最高行政機構(Executive Branch):部長內閣大臣部長內閣大臣(Cabinet of Ministers)由由下议院下议院(House of Commons)中取中取得最多票数政党成員组成，正式程序需由得最多票数政党成員组成，正式程序需由首相提名，英王任命首相提名，英王任命.在下议院中占少数在下议院中占少数议席最大政党则成为正式反对党，拥有自议席最大政党则成为正式反对党，拥有自己领袖和己领袖和 影子内阁影子内阁。反对党有义务对。反对党有义务对政府政策提出不一样意见，同时提出可供政府政策提出不一样意见，同时提出可供选择政策方案。选择政策方案。第14页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,15內閣首長內閣首長:首相首相(Prime Minister)首相为下议院多数党领袖，有权解散、改选首相为下议院多数党领袖，有权解散、改选下议院下议院.最高司法機構最高司法機構(Judicial branch):上議院同時也是全英最高法院上議院同時也是全英最高法院 四個地區有各自最高法院四個地區有各自最高法院第15页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,16立法机构立法机构(Legislative branch):全英國會全英國會(United Kingdom Parliament)上議院上議院(House of Lords)，最多共，最多共618席，大部分為終身議員或终生贵族席，大部分為終身議員或终生贵族(life peers)，部分是世襲議員或世襲贵族，部分是世襲議員或世襲贵族(hereditary peers)，和神職議員，和神職議員(clergy).下議院下議院(House of Commons)，共，共659席，由全英公民普選產生，任期可達至席，由全英公民普選產生，任期可達至5年年.第16页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,17 House of Commons第17页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,18 House of Lords第18页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,19Current Chief of state(国家元首国家元首):Question:Who is the current Chief of State?Queen ELIZABETH II(since 6 February 1952);Heir Apparent(有确定继承权人有确定继承权人)Prince CHARLES(son of the queen,born 14 November 1948)第19页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,20英国女王伊丽莎白二世英国女王伊丽莎白二世第20页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,21伊丽莎白二世伊丽莎白二世 ，全称为全称为“大不列颠及北爱尔大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国与其它国土和领地之女王，联邦元首兰联合王国与其它国土和领地之女王，联邦元首”。年月日生于伦敦，原名为伊。年月日生于伦敦，原名为伊丽莎白丽莎白亚历山德拉亚历山德拉玛丽玛丽 ，是英国温莎王朝，是英国温莎王朝第四代君主、第四代君主、英王乔治六世英王乔治六世长女。自幼在皇宫内长女。自幼在皇宫内接收教育，主修宪法史和法律。她历史老师接收教育，主修宪法史和法律。她历史老师 CHKCHK马丁马丁是是伊顿公学伊顿公学校长校长.她在历史、语言她在历史、语言和音乐方面有造诣，能流利地讲法语、西班牙语和音乐方面有造诣，能流利地讲法语、西班牙语和德语。和德语。19451945年伊丽莎白公主说服了她父亲，允年伊丽莎白公主说服了她父亲，允许她直接参加帮助打赢这场战争。她参加了一个许她直接参加帮助打赢这场战争。她参加了一个支援战争妇女团体，在那里她编号是第支援战争妇女团体，在那里她编号是第230873230873号号伊丽莎白伊丽莎白温莎第二中尉温莎第二中尉。这是她第一次与其它。这是她第一次与其它孩子共同受训。听说她本人非常喜欢这次经验，孩子共同受训。听说她本人非常喜欢这次经验，也正是因为这次经验，使她之后将自己孩子送到也正是因为这次经验，使她之后将自己孩子送到学校上学，而不是让他们在家学习。学校上学，而不是让他们在家学习。第21页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,2219471947年年1212月月2020日日伊丽莎白二世伊丽莎白二世与希腊菲利浦与希腊菲利浦王子结婚。菲利浦是伊丽莎白女王第三个堂王子结婚。菲利浦是伊丽莎白女王第三个堂哥，他们曾曾祖母都是维多利亚女王（菲利哥，他们曾曾祖母都是维多利亚女王（菲利浦王子在结婚前宣誓放弃希腊王位继承权，浦王子在结婚前宣誓放弃希腊王位继承权，在爱丁堡公爵这个头衔之前他没有头衔，就在爱丁堡公爵这个头衔之前他没有头衔，就叫作叫作菲利浦菲利浦蒙巴顿中尉蒙巴顿中尉）。这桩婚事非常）。这桩婚事非常适合一位即将继承王位女性，因为她夫君接适合一位即将继承王位女性，因为她夫君接收过王室训练，却又不会继任另一国王位。收过王室训练，却又不会继任另一国王位。不过这桩婚姻却不是刻意安排，两人关系经不过这桩婚姻却不是刻意安排，两人关系经历了许多考验，包含相关菲利浦不忠流言。历了许多考验，包含相关菲利浦不忠流言。第22页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,23伊丽莎白二世伊丽莎白二世于年开始代表于年开始代表英英王乔治六世王乔治六世出席各种正式场所。出席各种正式场所。年月日国王逝世，她继承王位。年月日国王逝世，她继承王位。女王是英国世袭国家元首，除英国女王是英国世袭国家元首，除英国外，女王同时也是澳大利亚、新西亚、外，女王同时也是澳大利亚、新西亚、加拿大等国家元首。同时也是英格兰教加拿大等国家元首。同时也是英格兰教会最高首领。会最高首领。第23页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,24伊丽莎白二世有三子一女伊丽莎白二世有三子一女:长子查尔斯长子查尔斯王子为王位继承人、次子王子为王位继承人、次子安德安德鲁鲁、三子、三子爱德华爱德华、女儿、女儿艾丽斯艾丽斯路易丝路易丝公公主。主。第24页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,25Prince Charles and his girlfriend Camilla Parker-Bowles in 第25页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,26Political parties and leaders:Question:Which party is the governing party(执政党)currently in the UK?Labor Party(工党)Tony BLAIR执政党。19成立。领袖托尼布莱尔。该党曾于19451951年，19641970年，19741979年上台执政。1997年大选获胜执至。现有党员39万名，是英国第一大党。第26页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,27Conservative Party(保守党保守党)Michael HOWARD 霍华德霍华德主要反对党。前身为主要反对党。前身为16791679年成立托利党，年成立托利党，18331833年改称现名。领袖年改称现名。领袖 Michael HOWARD(霍华德霍华德)该党从该党从19791979至至19971997年年4 4次连续执政，成为次连续执政，成为2020世纪在英国占主导世纪在英国占主导地位政党，是执政时间最长，大选得胜次地位政党，是执政时间最长，大选得胜次数最多政党。数最多政党。19971997年年5 5月大选中遭受前所未月大选中遭受前所未有惨败下台。保守党支持者普通来自企业有惨败下台。保守党支持者普通来自企业界和富裕阶层，主张自由市场经济。界和富裕阶层，主张自由市场经济。第27页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,28Liberal Democrats Party(自由民主党)Charles KENNEDY第三大党。1988年3月由原自由党和社会民主党内支持同自由党合并多数派组成。领袖查尔斯肯尼迪（Charles KENNEDY），1999年8月当选。主张继续维持与工党合作关系，推进工党在地方选举及下院选举中实施比例代表制，在公共服务、社会公正、环境保护等问题上采取比工党更进步政策。现有党员约10万名。第28页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,29Democratic Unionist Party(民主统民主统一党一党)(Northern Ireland)Rev.Ian Paisley;Ian Paisley (born April 6,1926)is a politician and church leader in Northern Ireland 第29页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,30Flag description:England Scotland former N Ireland第30页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,31Blue field with the red cross of Saint George(patron saint of England 英格兰英格兰守护神守护神)edged in white superimposed(添加添加)on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick(patron saint of Ireland 爱尔兰爱尔兰守护神守护神),which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew(patron saint of Scotland 苏苏格兰格兰守护神守护神);properly known as the Union Flag(联合王国国旗联合王国国旗),but commonly called the Union Jack.第31页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,32 the design and colors(especially the Blue design)have been the basis for a number of other flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces,as well as British overseas territories.Australia flag New Zealand Flag第32页Compiled by Scott Song,Compiled by Scott Song,3333/10/10The British Government Today(P.37)第33页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,342.Read the tests1)Text(P.36)2)The monarchy(P.37)3)The British Government today(P.39)4)The Constitution(宪法宪法)(P.39)5)Parliament(P.40)6)The Role of the Monarchy today(P.40)7)The House of Lords and the House of Commons(P.42)第34页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,351)Text introduction(P.36)Words and expressions:Representative democracy代议民主制代议民主制Trace追溯追溯State-building 创建国家，建国创建国家，建国Evolution 演变演变,进化进化第35页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,36The Monarchy(P.38)Words and expressions:Monarchy君主制君主制Date back 回溯至回溯至Sovereign君主君主,最高统治者最高统治者Doctrine 教条教条,信条信条第36页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,37Divine Right of kings君权神授君权神授Legitimate 正当正当Heir/successor(继任者继任者)继承人继承人Hereditary世袭世袭Roundhead 圆颅党圆颅党(英国内战期间议会派分子英国内战期间议会派分子,与保皇与保皇党相对党相对,主张废除君主主张废除君主)第37页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,38Defy 公然违抗公然违抗Exercise power行使权利行使权利Oust驱逐驱逐,罢黜罢黜Abolish废除废除Abuse authority/power 滥用职权滥用职权第38页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,39Feudal baron封建贵族封建贵族Cabinet 内阁内阁第39页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,40The British Government Today(P.39)Parliamentary democracy代议民主制代议民主制Constitutional monarchy君主立宪制君主立宪制Corners of the globe世界各地世界各地Governor-General 总督总督第40页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,414)The Constitution(宪法宪法)(P.39)Terms and condition of the constitution宪法条款宪法条款(文文)Statute law成文法成文法Common law判例法判例法Conversions习惯法习惯法第41页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,42Parliament(P.40)First and foremost首要是首要是Taxation 税制税制Scrutinize 详细检验详细检验Restraint限制限制,约束约束第42页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,43Electorate 选民选民Assert 表明，断言表明，断言,声称声称Precedent 先例先例Overturn,overrule 推翻推翻Reference提议，提案提议，提案第43页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,44A matter of course一件理所当然事一件理所当然事第44页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,45The Role of the Monarchy Today(P.40)Legislature立法机关立法机关Judiciary司法部司法部Extramarital affairs 婚外情婚外情Squander money 浪费钱财浪费钱财第45页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,46Jet-setting lifestyle奢侈生活方式奢侈生活方式Controversy 争论争论Fulfill ones role 推行职责推行职责Fulfill ones promise推行诺言推行诺言Lounge around street在街上闲逛在街上闲逛第46页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,47Debate come to a head辩论到达白热化辩论到达白热化(高潮高潮)Decadence 堕落堕落;颓废颓废Recession 经济衰退期经济衰退期;不景气不景气Running cost经营费用经营费用,运转成本运转成本Endear oneself to 使自己为人所喜爱使自己为人所喜爱第47页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,48Confidante知己女友知己女友intimate friend 知己朋友知己朋友Neutrality中立中立(态度态度)Neutral中立国中立国;中立中立,中性中性Get on相处相处第48页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,49The Hose of Lords and the House of Commons(P.42)Words and expressions:Lords Spiritual神职议员神职议员Archbishop大主教大主教Bishop主教主教Lords Temporal 世俗议员世俗议员第49页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,50Peer 贵族贵族,上院议员上院议员Life peer 终生议员终生议员A civic-minded person关心公益事业人关心公益事业人Sexist 男性至上主义者男性至上主义者Elite/elitist精英精英第50页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,51Veritable 名副其实名副其实;真实；真正真实；真正This is a veritable antique.这是一件真正古董这是一件真正古董Allowance=subsidy津贴津贴第51页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,52The structure of the UKs government:The Queen The Prime Minister Cabinet of MinistersThe Parliament:The House of CommonThe House of Lords第52页Compiled by Scott Song,Compiled by Scott Song,5353/10/10Review of knowledge from last class第53页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,54Questions:1.Why is the Monarchy carried out in the UK?(P.38,P2)The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of the“divine right of kings(君权神授君权神授)”.It was held that the sovereign derived his authority from God,not from his/her subjects(臣民臣民).第54页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,552.What is the current government type(政府模式政府模式)of the UK?Both representative democracy(代议民主制代议民主制)and constitutional monarchy(君主立憲內閣制君主立憲內閣制)3.What are the constituent parts of British parliament?The House of Lords,and the House of Commons第55页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,564.What are the three major political parties in the UK?Labor Party;Conservative Party;Liberal Democrats Party5.Which city is the capital city of Scotland,Wales,and Northern Ireland,respectively?Scotland Edinburgh(爱丁堡爱丁堡)Wales Cardiff(加夫加夫)Northern Ireland-Belfast(贝尔法贝尔法斯特斯特)第56页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,576.What are the major religions in the UK?Catholicism(天主教天主教)Christianism(基督教基督教)Anglicanism(英国国教英国国教)第57页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,587.What are the three laws which consist of the British constitution,and what does each of the laws mean?Statute law-Laws passed by parliamentCommon law-laws established through common practice in the courts.第58页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,59Conventions-rules and practices which do not exist legally,but vital to the workings of government.第59页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,608.What are the main functions of British parliament?To pass laws,to vote for taxation,to scrutinize government policy,administration,and expenditure and to debate the major issues of the day.9.What is the primary role of the Monarchy?To symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state.第60页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,6110.What is the main feature of British constitution that is different from other countries?There is no written constitutions which list out the basic principles of how a country should be governed.第61页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,6211 Strictly speaking,which three parts consist of the Parliament?The Queen,the House of Lords,and the House of Common12.Who are peers in the parliament?The member of the House of Lords,usually called Lords.第62页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,6313.What is the difference between hereditory peers and life peers?Peers are those who inherited the seat from their forefathers,while life peers are those who are appointed by the sovereign,at the suggestion of the Prime Minister.The latter are not allowed to pass his seat to his son.第63页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,6414.Who are the Lords Spiritual?The Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England in the House of Lords.15.Who are MPS?The members of the House of Commons.第64页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,6516.How long can a MP sit in the House of Commons after he/she has been elected?Five years.17.Is a MP be allowed to be reelected?If yes,how many times is he/she allowed to be reelected?Yes.A Mp is allowed to be reelected limitless number of times.第65页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,66Words and expressions:这个风俗可这个风俗可追溯追溯到一千年前到一千年前This custom can be traced over a thousand year.政治和经济政治和经济不稳定性不稳定性Political and economic instability建国建国 State-building演变演变Evolution 第66页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,67君主制君主制Monarchy代议民主制代议民主制Representative democracy君主君主,最高统治者最高统治者Sovereign 教条教条,信条信条Doctrine 君权神授君权神授Divine Right of Kings第67页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,68正当正当Legitimate 继承人继承人Heir/successor(继任者继任者)世袭世袭Hereditary 公然违抗公然违抗Defy 行使权利行使权利Exercise power第68页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,69驱逐驱逐,罢黜罢黜Oust废除废除Abolish 滥用职权滥用职权Abuse authority/power封建贵族封建贵族Feudal baron内阁内阁Cabinet 第69页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,70宪法条款宪法条款(文文)Terms and conditions of the constitution成文法成文法Statute law判定法判定法Common law习惯法习惯法Conversion law 第70页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,71详细检验详细检验Scrutinize 限制限制,约束约束Restraint 推翻推翻Overturn,overrule先例先例Precedent 一件理所当然事一件理所当然事A matter of course第71页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,72Vocabulary review(2)立法机关立法机关Legislature司法部司法部Judiciary 婚外情婚外情Extramarital affairs浪费钱财浪费钱财Squander money 第72页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,73奢侈生活方式奢侈生活方式Jet-setting lifestyle 争论争论Controversy 推行职责推行职责Fulfill ones role 推行诺言推行诺言Fulfill ones promise在街上闲逛在街上闲逛Lounge around street第73页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,74辩论到达白热化辩论到达白热化(高潮高潮)Debate come to a head堕落堕落;颓废颓废Decadence 经济衰退期经济衰退期;不景气不景气Recession 经营费用经营费用,运转成本运转成本Running cost 使自己为人所喜爱使自己为人所喜爱Endear oneself to 第74页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,75知己女友知己女友Confidante 知己朋友知己朋友intimate friend 中立中立(态度态度)Neutrality中立国中立国;中立中立,中性中性Neutral相处相处Get on第75页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,76贵族贵族,上院议员上院议员Peer 终生议员终生议员Life peer 关心公益事业人关心公益事业人A civic-minded person男性至上主义者男性至上主义者Sexist 精英精英Elite 第76页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,77名副其实名副其实;真实；真正真实；真正Veritable This is a veritable antique.这是一件真正古董这是一件真正古董津贴津贴Allowance 温莎堡温莎堡Windsor Castle白金汉宫白金汉宫Buckingham Palace第77页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,78Exercises:(P.46-48)I.1,2,4,5,7,9II.1,6-10 III.2,8,9-12 IV.2,3第78页Compiled by Scott Song,Compiled by Scott Song,7979/10/10Unit 4Class and Race(P.57-61)第79页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,80Class(P.57)What is the British Social Class Structure:Hereditary aristocracyUpper middle-classMiddle-classLower middle-classWorking-class第80页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,81Words and expressions:Exaggerate 夸大夸大,夸大夸大Life chance人生机遇人生机遇Far from远非远非,完全不完全不Hazy 含糊；朦胧含糊；朦胧第81页/10/10Compiled by Scott Song,82Differentiate 区分区分,区分区分The Sun 太阳报（英国通俗报纸）太阳报（英国通俗报纸）Hard news严厉新闻严厉新闻hot news最新消息最新消息Soft news趣