北京旅游景点介绍-中英对照.doc

1.故宫故宫又名紫禁城，位于北京市中心、天安门广场北1km，景山南门对面。故宫外围是一条护城河，河内是周长3km、高近10米的城墙，城墙四面都有门，南有午门，北有神武门，东有东华门，西有西华门；城墙四角还耸立着4座角楼，造型别致，玲珑剔透。故宫大体可分为两部分，南为工作区，即外朝；北为生活区，即内廷。其所有建筑排列在中轴线上，东西对称。在居住区以北还有一个小巧别致的御花园，是皇室人员游玩之所。现在故宫的一些宫殿中设有综合性展览，收藏有大量古代艺术珍品，是中国文物收藏最丰富的博物馆。1.TheImperialPalaceTheImperialPalace,alsoknownastheForbiddenCity,islocatedinthecenterofBeijingCity,1kmnorthfromtheTiananmenSquare,rightoppositethesouthgateofJingshanMountain.OutsidetheImperialPalaceliesamoat,ontheinnersideofwhichtheresthecitywallwhoseperimeteris3kmwithaheightofnearly10meters.Thewallhasonegateoneachside:theMeridianGatetothesouth,theShenwuGatetothenorth,theDonghuaGatetotheeastandtheXihuaGatetothewest;besides,thererefourexquisitelycarveduniqueturretsstandingateachcornerofthewall.TheForbiddenCitycanberoughlydividedintotwoparts:thesouthernpart,theworkingarea,iscalled“theoutercourt”andthenorthernpart,thelivingarea,isregardedas“theimperialpalace”.AlltheconstructionsoftheImperialPalacearearrangedorderlyonthecentralaxiswitheastwestsymmetry.TothenorthofthelivingareaisthesmallbutuniqueImperialGardenwheretheroyalfamilyamusethemselves.Nowadays,somepalacesintheForbiddenCityhavebeenequippedwithprehensiveexhibitionswhereabundantancientarttreasuresarecollected.TheNationalPalaceMuseumisthemuseumthatcollectsthemostculturalrelicsinChina.2.天坛公园天坛位于北京城南端，是明清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为弧圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，通称“天地墙”，象征古代“天圆地方”之说。外坛墙东、南、北三面均没有门，只有西边修两座大门圜丘坛门和祈谷坛门（也称天坛门）。而内坛墙四周则有东、南、西、北四座天门。内坛建有祭坛和斋宫，并有一道东西横墙，南为圜丘坛，北为祈谷坛。2.TheTempleofHeavenLocatedinsouthernBeijingCity,theTempleofHeavenistheplacewheretheemperorsofMingandQingDynastiesworshipedHeavenandprayedforbumpercrops.TheTempleofHeavenisprisedoftheCircularMoundAltarandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests,andthereretwowalls,theinneroneandtheouterone,surroundingtheTempleofHeaven.Withnorthwallbeingcircularandthesouthonesquareasitintersectswiththeeastandwestwallsatrightangles,theyregiventhename“theHeavenandEarthWalls”,representingHeavenandEarth,forinancientChina,peoplebelievedthatHeavenwasroundandEarthwassquare.Thereisnogateattheeast,southandnorthsideoftheouterwallandtheonlytwogatesareatthe westside,whicharetheCircularMoundAltarGateandtheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvestsGate,alsoknownastheTiantanGate.While,theinnerwallissurroundedbyfourgates,eachoneateachside.InsidethetemplearethealtarandtheHallofAbstinence,andtheyareseparatedbyacrosswalltrendingeast-west,tothesouthofwhichistheCircularMoundAltarandtothenorthistheHallofPrayerforGoodHarvests.3.颐和园颐和园坐落于北京西郊，是中国古典园林之首，总面积约290公顷，由万寿山和昆明湖组成。全园分3个区域：以仁寿殿为中心的政治活动区；以玉澜堂、乐寿堂为主体的帝后生活区；以万寿山和昆明湖组成的风景旅游区。3.TheSummerPalaceLocatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijing,theSummerPalacewhichisregardedasthemosttypicalChineseclassicalgardenisposedbytheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake,coveringatotalareaofabout290hectares.Thewholepalaceismainlydividedinto3areas:thepoliticalactivitiesareawiththeHallofBenevolenceandLongevityasthecenter;theroyallivingarea,theHallofJadeRipplesandtheHallofHappinessandLongevity;thescenicareawhichconsistsoftheLongevityHillandtheKunmingLake.4.圆明园圆明园坐落在北京西郊，毗邻颐和园，由圆明、长春、绮春三园组成，是清朝帝王在150余年间创建和经营的一座大型皇家宫苑。圆明园不仅以园林著称，而且也是一座收藏丰富的皇家博物馆，园内各殿堂内陈列有许多国内外稀世文物，园中文源阁是全国四大皇家藏书楼之一，藏有四库全书、古今图书集成、四库全书荟要等珍贵图书文物。不幸的是，这一世界名园在19世纪末期惨遭英法联军的劫掠和焚毁，以后又经历了无数次毁灭和劫掠，最终沦为一片废墟。4.TheYuanmingyuanImperialGardenSituatedinthewesternsuburbsofBeijingandadjoiningtheSummerPalace,theYuanmingyuanImperialGarden,prisedbyYuanming,ChangchunandYichunGardens,isalargeroyalgardenconstructedandoperatedbytheemperorsofQingDynastywithinmorethan150yearssinceemperorKangxicametopower.NotonlyistheYuanmingyuanImperialGardenfamousforitsgardens,itsalsoaroyalmuseumthathasarichcollectionofrareculturalrelicsofhomeandabroad.Asoneofthefourroyallibrariesacrossthenation,theWenyuanChamber,alsoknownastheImperialLibrary,collectsmanypreciousbooks,e.g.TheSiKuQuanShu,CollectionofAncientandModernBooks,theSiKuQuanShuAbstract.However,unfortunately,aftertheAnglo-FrenchAlliedForceplunderedandburneddownthegardeninlate20thcenturyandnumerousdestructionsbyotherinvaders,thisworld-famousgardenwasreducedtonothingbutruins.5.鼓楼、钟楼鼓楼位于北京市中轴线上的地安门外大街，与钟楼一起在元、明、清时为北京全城报时中心，1990年起，鼓楼和钟楼在每年除夕和正月初一时恢复鸣钟击鼓。站在鼓楼上可以看到整个后海及地安门大街的热闹繁华，登上钟楼向北可见北京的中轴线沿线建筑，天气晴朗的时候可以望到远处的鸟巢及水立方。鼓楼和钟楼的东西两侧则是保存完整的胡同区，可以看到整齐的院落及天空中带着鸣哨的鸽子群。5.TheBellTowerandtheDrumTowerLocatedattheDianmenOuterStreetonthecentralaxisofBeijingCity,theDrumTowertogetherwiththeBellTowerwerethetimeservicecenterofBeijingCitybackinYuan,MingandQingDynasties.In1990,thegovernmentdecidedtorecoverthebellstrikinganddrumbeatingoneveryNewYearEveandNewYearsDayoftheChineselunarcalendar.StandingontheDrumTower,youcanfeelthelivelinessandprosperityofHouhaiandtheDianmenAvenue.WhileontheBellTower,rightinfrontofyoureyesarethoseconstructionsalongsidethecentralaxisofBeijingCityandwhentheweatherisclear,youcanevenseetheBirdsNestandtheWaterCubefardistanceaway.AttheeastandwestsidesoftheBellTowerandtheDrumTowerarethewell-conservedHutongneighborhoodswheretherereorderlyarrangedcourtyardsandpigeonswearingwhistles.6.天安门广场在长安街南侧，北京城的传统中轴线上，座落着世界上最大的广场天安门广场，广场中心为人民英雄纪念碑，继续向南穿过毛主席纪念堂就到了正阳门，也就是人们常说的前门。广场的西侧是人民大会堂，东侧是国家博物馆。在广场的对面，长安街的北侧即是天安门城楼，城楼下是波光粼粼的金水河。每天的清晨和傍晚，天安门广场都会举行隆重严肃的升降旗仪式，对于初到北京的人来说，观看一场升降旗仪式是必不可少的一件事。6.TheTiananmenSquareAtthesouthsideofChangAnAvenueandonthetraditionalcentralaxisofBeijingCitylocatestheTiananmenSquare,theworldslargestsquare.InthecenterofthesquarestandstheMonumentofthePeoplesHeroes,tothesouthofwhichistheChairmanMaoMemorialHall,andcrossthehallyoullarriveattheZhengyangGatewhichismorefrequentlyreferredtobypeopleasQianmen.TheGreatHallofthePeopleliesonthewestsideofthesquareandontheeastsideistheNationalMuseum.Rightoppositethesquare,namely,thenorthsideofChangAnAvenueistheTiananmenGateTowerbeneathwhichflowstheglisteningGoldenStream.EverymorningandduskwitnessesagrandandsolemnflagraisingandloweringceremonyandthosewhoetoBeijingforthefirsttimedefinitelydontwanttomisstheflagraisingceremony.7.明十三陵明十三陵是明朝迁都北京后13位皇帝的墓葬群，位于昌平区天寿山南麓，距市区约50km。明十三陵由13个独立的陵墓组成为一个统一的整体。每座陵墓分别建于一座山前，陵墓规格大同小异，陵与陵之间少至0.5km，多至8km。已开放的景点有长陵、定陵、昭陵和神道（神路）。7.TheMingTombsSituatedatthesouthfootoftheTianshouMountaininChangpingDistrictwhichisabout50kmawayfromthecitycenter,theMingTombsarethegravesofthe13emperorsofMingDynastyafterthecapitalofMingDynastywasmovedfromNanjingtoBeijing.Itsaunifiedentiretyposedby13independenttombs.Everytombwasbuiltinthefrontofamountain,buttheirsizesarequitedifferentfromeachother.Theresatleastadistanceof0.5kmand8kmatmostbetweeneachtwotombs.ChanglingMausoleum,DinglingMausoleum,ZhaolingMausoleumandShendaoMausoleumarethetombsthathavebeenopenedtobescenicspots.8.万里长城中国万里长城是世界上修建时间最长，工程量最大的冷兵器战争时代的国家军事性防御工程，凝聚着我们祖先的血汗和智慧，是中华民族的象征和骄傲。长城全长大约6700公里，通称“万里长城”。长城的修建持续了两千多年，根据历史记载，从公元前七世纪楚国筑“方城”开始，至明代，共有20多个诸侯国和封建王朝修筑过长城。其中秦、汉、明三个朝代长城的长度都超过了5000公里。长城的主体工程是绵延万里的高大城墙，大都建在山岭最高处，沿着山脊把蜿蜒无尽的山势勾画出清晰的轮廓，塑造出奔腾飞跃、气势蓬勃的巨龙，从而成为中华民族的象征。在万里长城上，分布着百座雄关、隘口，成千上万座敌台、烽火台，既打破了城墙的单调感，又使高低起伏的地形更显得雄奇险峻，充满巨大的艺术魅力。都说不到长城非好汉，我们这些生长在长城脚下的子民，没有理由不去长城瞻仰膜拜吧？推荐登长城地点：著名长城：八达岭长城、居庸关长城这类长城是团队游客必到的北京经典景点，修缮的比较好，却也每个毛孔都透着“新”气，每年的游客络绎不绝，节假日时更是人满为患。“野”长城：慕田峪长城、司马台长城、箭扣长城、黄花城水长城、古北口长城、金山岭长城、白岭关长城、石峡关长城、沿河城长城等。这类长城大多深藏在荒山野岭，虽惨败破落，却别有一番沧桑、肃杀的味道，而且这些长城所倚山势多险峻壮观，不少路段山体近垂直陡峭，景观震撼。但攀爬野长城需注意自身安全，并注意环保和保护野长城。8.TheGreatWallAsthenationalmilitarydefensiveprojectincoldweaponerathattookthelongestperiodoftimetobuildandwiththelargestprojectamountintheworld,theGreatWallofChina,imbuedwiththeblood,sweatandingenuityofourancestors,isthesymbolandprideoftheChinesenation.Withatotallengthofabout6700km,itscalled“theGreatWall”.Basedonhistoricalrecords,ChuStatefirstbuiltthewall“Fangcheng”in700BCandtheconstructionneverendeduntilMingDynasty,theconstructionoftheGreatWalllastedforovertwothousandyearsduringwhichmorethan20kingdomsandfeudaldynastiesoncetookpartinbuildingtheGreatWall.InQin,HanandMingDynasties,thelengthofthewallwereallmorethan5000km.ThemajorpartoftheGreatWallisthetallwallextendingforthousandsofmiles,mostofwhichwerebuiltonthehighestpointofthemountainridges.TheGreatWalls,likealeapinggiantdragonfullofmomentum,sketchesalegibleoutlineoftheendlesswindingmountainsalongsidethoseridges,thereforebeingthesymboloftheChinesenation.Hundredsofimpregnablepassesandbarriers,andthousandsofenemytowersandsmoketowersaredistributedontheGreatWall,whichnotonlymakestheGreatWallnotthatmonotonousbutalsoemphasizesgrandnessandsteepnessofthealreadyprecipitouslandform,fullofartisticcharm.HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman,thustheresnoreasonforpeoplewholiveatthefootoftheGreatWallnottoworshipit.RemendedplacestoclimbtheGreatWall:FamousGreatWalls:BadalingGreatWallandJuyongguanGreatWallTheseKindOfGreatWallsthoughrelativelywell-repairedyetfilledwithpletelynewelementsareclassicalscenicspotsinBeijingthatgrouptouristscertainlywontmiss.Everyyear,thosescenicspotsseetensofthousandsofvisitors,andvisitorsareespeciallynumerousduringholidays.The“wild”GreatWalls:MutianyuGreatWall,SimataiGreatWall,JiankouGreatWall,HuanghuachengshuiGreatWall,GubeikouGreatWall,JinshanlingGreatWall,BailingguanGreatWall,ShixiaguanGreatWall,YanhechengGreatWalletc.ThosetypesofGreatWallsmostlyhideinthedeepwildmountains,ruinedanddilapidated,butbeneaththatyoucanseethattheyareweather-beatenandchilling.Themountainsonwhichthosewallswerebuiltaregrandandprecipitous,andyoucanseethemountainsonsomesectionsofthewallarealmostvertical,whichreallycatchesonesbreath.However,atthesametimewhenyoutakecareoftheenvironmentandprotectthewildGreatWallswhileclimbingthewall,dontforgettomindyourownsafetyaswell.9.孔庙国子监国子监位于北京安定门内国子监街（原名成贤街），与孔庙和雍和宫相邻，是我国元、明、清三代国家管理教育的最高行政机构和国家设立的最高学府。北京孔庙是国子监的一部分，原称国子监孔庙或京师孔庙，是皇帝举行国家祭孔典礼的场所，它与西侧太学（国子监）构成“左庙右学”的建制。由于夏季炎热，每年10-4月是最佳旅游季节，春暖花开，气候宜人。还可以顺便在皇城根公园一带溜达溜达，赏花看鸟，很惬意。9.TheBeijingConfuciusTempleandtheImperialCollegeLocatedattheStreetofConfuciusTemple(theoldnameiscalledChengxianStreet)intheAndingDoor,theImperialCollegeisadjacenttotheConfuciusTempleandtheYonghegongLamasery.ItistheChinesehighestadministrativeinstitutionofthenationaleducationmanagementinYuan,MingandQingdynasties,andalsothemostadvancedschoolestablishedbystate.BeijingConfuciusTempleisonepartoftheImperialCollegethatoncewascalledtheConfuciusTempleofImperialCollegeorPekingImperialConfuciusTemple.AndItwastheplacethattheemperorgivingthenationalConfuciusmemorialceremony.Itformstheconstructionsystemof“templeleftandschoolright”withtheImperialCollageatitswestside.FromtheOctobertotheAprilinthenextyear,therearewonderfulflowerseverywhereinthewarmspringandtheclimateisquiteagreeable,itisthebesttouristseasonotherthanthehotsummer.PeoplecanalsotakeawalkintheImperialPalaceWallParkbytheway,andtoappreciatetheflowersandbirdswhichisverypleasant.10.景山公园景山地处北京城中轴线最高点。登上景山，可俯瞰北京，古都风貌尽收眼底，美不胜收。景山春天有牡丹展、夏天有荷花展、秋天有秋实秋菊展，三季花团锦簇，四季松柏常青。除了美景，这里还充满着老北京的生活气息，每天早晚都有很多人在这里锻炼，多以老年人为主，他们还在这里唱红歌忆往昔。10.TheJingshanParkTheJingshanParkisatthetopoftheaxlewireofBeijingcity.ClimbingupontheJingshan,peoplecanoverlookandhaveapanoramicviewofBeijing;itisafeastfortheeyes.Thereare peonyshowinspring,lotusshowinsummerandchrysanthemumshowinautumn.Itisthebouquetsofflowersandpilesofbrocadesforthreeseasonsandthepineandcypressstayingevergreenforfourseasons.Inadditiontothebeautifulscenery,thereisfilledwiththelifestyleofoldPeking:therearemanypeopletakingexerciseeverymorningandnight,mostlyaretheelderly,theyarealsosingingtheredsongsandrecallingthepast.11.中山公园中山公园坐落在北京城中心，位于天安门西侧，前邻天安门广场，后依紫禁城。原是明、清时的社稷坛，因1925年孙中山先生的灵柩曾停放在园内拜殿中，1928年命名为中山公园。中山音乐堂就在中山公园内，中山音乐堂是中国爱乐乐团与北京交响乐团音乐季的主场，同时也是北京国际音乐节的主要演出场地。11.TheZhongshanParkTheZhongshanParkissituatedinthecenterofBeijingcity,locatedatthewestsideofTiananmen.ItsfrontisadjacenttotheTiananmenSquareanditsbackisneartheForbiddenCity.TheZhongshanParkwasoncetheAltarofLandandGraininMingandQingdynasty.In1925,thebierofSunYat-senwasplacedinthehallofthepark,Therefore,in1928,itgotthenameofZhongshanPark.ZhongshanMusicHallisintheZhongshanPark,itisthemusicseasonhomecourtoftheChinesePhilharmonicOrchestraandBeijingSymphonyOrchestra,andmeanwhile,itisalsothemainperformingplaceofBeijingInternationalMusicFestival.12.香山公园香山公园位于北京西郊，景区内主峰香炉峰俗称“鬼见愁”，海拔557m。香山公园文物古迹众多，有燕京八景之一的“西山晴雪”，有集明清两代建筑风格的寺院“碧云寺”，有国内仅存的木质贴金“五百罗汉”，有迎接六世班禅的行宫“宗镜大昭之庙”，有颇具江南特色的古雅庭院“见心斋”。香山红叶驰名中外，1986年就被评为“新北京十六景”之一，成为京城最浓的秋色，每到深秋时节（10月中旬至11月中旬），数以万计的中外游客齐聚香山，共赏秋色。12.TheFragrantHillParkTheFragrantHillParkislocatedinwesternsuburbsofBeijing.ThemainpeakHyangnobongismonlyknownas“devilishlyhardtoachieve”withaaltitudeof557meters.Therearenumeroushistoricalrelics,suchasthe“FineSnowinXishan”,oneoftheEightGreatsightsofYanjing,the“TempleofAzureCloud”whichhasthearchitecturalstyleofMingandQingdynasty,theremainingwooden“FiveHundredArhats”withgoldencoat,thetemporaryimperialpalace“ZongjingJokhangTemple”toweletheSixthPanchenLama,andthegracefulcourtyard“JianxinHall”withthecharacteristicsoftheregionssouthoftheYangtz