沪教版七下unit5-讲义加练习.doc

沪教版七（下）unit 5 water短语：brush ones teeth 刷牙 be on 开着的 be off 关着的 pour into 倒入，倾入 pour down 倾泻 turn on = switch on 打开 turn off = switch off 关掉be angry with sb 对某人生气 carry-to-搬到，带到 clean up sth = make sth clean 净化 not -until 直到-才 look around 到处看go back to = return to 回到e out of 从-出来 in the first place = in the beginning = at first 开始，首先remember to do 记得去做某事remember not to do 记得不要去做某事forget to do 忘记去做某事forget doing 忘记做过某事talk to sb 对某人说话 talk with sb 与某人交谈be covered with 用-覆盖in fact 事实上 for example 例如 语法点1. Few & littlefew: 用于修饰可数名词。a few 有一点点，表示肯定，few几乎没有了，表示否定。little：修饰不可数名词。a little, 有一点点，表肯定，little几乎没有，表否定。Few of us study English. 我们中很少有人学习英语。We have few books. 我们几乎没有书。I have a little money with me. 我身上带着一点钱。There is little water in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有水。2. exercise 名词： 当exercise用于“广义上的锻炼”，如“锻炼，训练”时，它被当作不可数名词在用。如：take exercise ,do exercise锻炼身体 take more exercise多锻炼当exercise用于“体操”或“练习（题）”时或“习题和练习”讲时是可数名词，要用复数形式。 如：do morning exercises（做早操），do eye exercises（做眼保健操），do English exercises（做英语练习）。 动词：运动，训练 实行，履行Eg： You dont exercise enough. 你锻炼不够 A doctor should learn how to exercise patience to his clients. 医生应该学习怎么样对他的病人有耐心。exercise和sport的区别： exercise指增进健康的活动。 Sport指以娱乐为主的运动竞技3. TurnTurn on: 打开 （水源，煤气，电灯，收音机等）Turn off： 关上Turn up： 调大，开大（音量）Turn down： 关小，调低（音量）Turn on the radio Turn off the light动词 + 副词 ： 接名词的话，名词放在中间和副词后面都可以 接代词的话，就只能放在中间Turn the puter on Turn on the puter Turn it on 4.Sound 系动词 听起来； 名词 声音系动词“听起来”接形容词做表语The argument sounds great. 那个观点听起来很棒。 5.bring, take, get, carrybring: 带来， 从远处带到说话的地方take：带走，从说话的地方带到别的地方去get：取来，从别的地方把某物取到说话的地方carry：提，搬，扛Please bring your homework to school. He can take the flowers to his room. Who can get me some water? Can you carry the heavy box?6.Remember remember to do sth : 记得要做某事 （记得的事情还没有做）remember doing sth ：记得做过某事 （记得的事情做了）He remembered to tell her about it. 他想起来了要告诉她这件事了。 （还没有告诉）He remembered telling her about it. 他记得告诉过她这件事了。 （已经告诉了）forget to do sth ： 忘记做某事 （事情还没有做）forget doing sth ：忘记做过某事（事情做了）I forgot to tell her about it. （还没有告诉）I forgot telling her about it. (已经告诉了)7.hear 和 listen to 的区别hear 着重听的结果Listen to 着重听的动作，过程 I listened carefully but I heard nothing. 8.Pour down: 倾泻 Pour into： 倒入，倾入Water was pouring into the sink. The rain is pouring down.9.Be on : 开着的 Be off： 关着的，关掉的-How strange!-The tap is on but there is no one here. 10.Clean up sth= make sth clean 净化, 把-弄干净His mother is cleaning him up11.How many 和 how much How many: 意为 多少， 用来询问可数名词的数量，后接可数名词复数How much: 多少， 用来询问不可数名词的数量的，其后接不可数名词； 还可以用来提问价格， -多少钱How many girls are there in your class. How many storybooks do you have ?How much meat do we need to make dumplings? How much milk does the boy drink every day? How much is the puter? 12.Much too ; too much/ too many （看末尾词就行）Too much/ many 太多 Much too 太-The coat is much too large for me . We have too much homework to do every day. There are too many books on the shelf. 13.enough修饰形容词，放在形容词的后面。修饰名词，放在名词的前面。 We dont have enough water to drink. The book is easy enough for you to read. He runs fast enough to catch up with the other runners. 14. lie lie,lay,lain,指躺着，lie,lied,lied,指说谎。lay,laid,laid,指下蛋So we decide not to lie.但是我决定不去说谎。The child likes to lie by his mother.孩子喜欢躺在母亲身边。15. 1. Its +形容词 +of sb+动词不定式这一句型表示“某人（做某事）”。常用形容词有：good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等，来说明“人”的性质或特征。eg. Its very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。Its foolish of you to make such mistake. 你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。 2. Its +形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式 这一句型表示“做某事对某人来说”。常用形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。 e.g. It is impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。 Its dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。16.Show sb sth = show sth to sb 给某人展示某物I showed the table to them. I showed them the table. 单元语法：可数名词和不可数名词分类一名词：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类二分类名词专有名词表示具体的人或事物、地点、机构、团体、国家、节日等名称的词如：John Donghu Park越秀公园 the Changjiang River 珠江 the Great Wall 长城 the United Nations 联合国 China 中国 Australia 澳大利亚 Monday 星期一 January 一月Childrens Day 儿童节普通名词个体名词在表示某类人或东西中的个体。如：dog狗、car小汽车、worker工人、book书。集体名词表示若干个体组成的集合体的总称。如：class班、family家、team队。物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如：fire火、tea茶。抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。如：work工作。名词的数：可数名词和不可数名词名词可数名词：一般包括个体名词、集体名词。不可数名词：一般包括物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词。单数复数一、 可数名词复数可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。如：1 可数名词的复数形式构成及读音一般名词复数构成法构成法例词一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加sbook-books, day-days, jobs以s, x,，ch，sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加esclass-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变成i后加escity-cities, country-countries, factory-factories以f或fe结尾的名词，一般将f或fe变成v后，再加esleaf-leaves, wife-wives, life-lives, thief-thievesknife-knivies, half-halves, shelf-shelves注：以o结尾的可数名词，只有hero,negro,tomato,potato这4个名词加es, 别的都是加s。 名词复数的不规则变化1. footfeet toothteeth goosegeese manmen womanwomenmousemice childchildren 注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women.eg: an Englishman， two Englishmen; a policewoman, three policewomen 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans; 由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都变复数woman doctor-women doctors(女医生); man servant-men servants(男服务员)2.单复数同形的名词：deer，sheep，fish, Chinese，Japanese， yuan，但除人民币元、角、分外，美元（dollar）、英镑（pound）和法郎（franc）等都有复数形式。eg: a dollar，two dollars；3. 集体名词，以单数出现，但实为复数。如：people police cattle（牛；牲畜）4.国籍复数口诀：国籍复数并不难，中日瑞是一致，英法联盟a改e, 其余s 加后面不同国家人的单、复数名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人 两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes不可数名词：不可数名词主要包括两大类，即物质名词和抽象名词。如：Water, coffee, milk, medicine, advice, workl 不可数名词只以单数的形式出现。它是无法计数的。物质、材料glass食品bread、toast散的、疏松的rice、sugar抽象概念work、sleep液体water、juice不可数名词科学、艺术、运动music、tennis感觉happiness常见的不可数名词A. 抽象名词information 信息 advice 建议 knowledge 知识 trouble 麻烦 happiness 幸福truth 真理 wisdom 智慧 work 工作 energy 能源 luck 运气fun 乐趣 help 帮助 tea water wine beer meat bread butter cheese rice coffee air 空气 paper 纸 news 新闻 weather fog 雾 ice 冰 snow rain wind B.名词量的表达修饰可数名词：many, several, hundreds of, thousands of , millions of , a number of , a group of, a pair of, a few, few, quite a few (许多) 等You have made quite a few spelling mistakes in your position. 你的作文中有许多拼写错误。 We saw hundreds of monkeys on the hill. 修饰不可数名词： much, a great deal of, a bit of , a drop of , a piece of, a little, little. I want a piece of chalk 我想要一支粉笔Please give me a little ink. 可数和不可数名词都可以修饰的： some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of Please give me some paper. I dont want to buy any magazines. Exercise:1. How many _ are there in the fridge?A tomato B apples C orange D bread 2. -Is that _ ice cream, Lo? - No, its too little. A too many B too little C much too D too much 3. -Would you please _ the radio a little? Kate is doing her homework. -Sorry, I will. A turn on B turn off C turn down D turn up 4. -How much _ the shoes? -Five dollars _ enough. A is ; is B are ; is C are ; are D is ; are 5. There is _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the supermarket and get _? A little; some B little ; any C few; some D few; any 6. Dont forget _ your money here tomorrow. A to take B to bring C taking D bringing 7. Lets remember _ too much noise. A to make B not to make C to not make D making 8. -_ are these vegetables? -They are 10 yuan. A How B What C How much D How many 9. The doctors and the nurses were all tired, but _ stopped to have a rest. A no B no one C many D much 10. Most of my work has been finished, and I have _ to chat with my grandfather. A time enough B enough time C many times D little time 11. He is _ to have the chance to go abroad. A lucky enough B enough lucky C unlucky enough D enough unlucky 12. The letter from my uncle was short. There wasnt _ newsA many B a few C much D few 13. Jack has got _ color paper with hime. Lets try to ask him for some. A a little B few C a few D little 14. Dont forget to _ the lights and the TV in the sitting room before going to bed. A turn over B turn on C turn off D turn up 15. -The teacher looks very _. - Yes, He is looking _ at Tony. Whats wrong?A angry, angrily B angry, angrily C angrily, angrily D angrily, angry 单元测试题I. 词汇: 根据汉语或首字母提示写单词, 补全句子。（共10小题，每小题0.5分）1. The factory needs a large _(数量) of water to make the juice.2. We did an interesting _ (实验) in our physics class.3. The _ (银行) is far away from the hotel Wed better take a bus.4. Farmers should not use too many _ (化学品). Some of them are harmful to our health.5. The dirty water runs out from the _ (管子) under the street.6. My sunglasses d_ down from the desk and broke into pieces.7. - The Whites like watching TV. - Yes. The TV is always o_ in their house.8. - Rose has a beautiful v_. - Yeah. She sings beautifully9. We cant drink the sea water. We need some f_ water to drink on the island. -2-1-cnjy-10. The coat is 50 yuan. You give me 100 yuan, so I should give you 50 yuan as c_.II. 句子: 根据汉语提示, 补全句子。每空一词。(共5小题，每小题1分)11. 咱们玩纸牌而不是看电视吧。Lets play cards _ _ watching TV.12. 在一定温度下, 水将会变为冰。At a certain temperature, water will _ _ ice.13. 这个队是由十五个运动员组成。The team _ _ _ _ 15 players.14. 跑完步后, 这男孩去冲了个澡。The boy went to _ _ _ after running.【版15. 这条河就快要干涸了。The river will soon _ _.III. 单项选择。（共15小题，每小题1分）A)从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以替代划线部分的最佳选项。( ) 16. He started his journey very early in the morning. A. trip B. work C. quiz D. walk( ) 17. I have to return the books to the library today. A. learn about B. write down C. talk about D. give back( ) 18. The rain may continue for a few days. A. go on B. give up C. stop D. happen( ) 19. Dont you think the radio is a bit loud? A. too much B. not enough C. very D. a little( ) 20. Id like to add some sugar to the milk. A. have some sugar with the milk B. put some sugar into the milk C. change some sugar into the milk D. bring some sugar of the milkB)从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。( ) 21. - Youll _ the bad habit if you keep borrowing money.21cnjy. - OK. From now on, I will spend money _.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】A. form; careful B. mean; careful C. form; carefully D. mean; carefully( ) 22. - Our teachers advice is very _. - Yeah. She gives us _ help. A. fortable; too many B. valuable; too much C. difficult; too little D. dangerous; too few( ) 23. - Dont forget to _ the light when you leave the room. - OK, I wont. I know we should _ energy.21世纪教育网版权所有 A. turn off; save B. turn into; save C. turn off; collect D. turn into; collect( ) 24. - _ can I get to that village? - You must walk _ the forest.A. What; between B. How; between C. What; through D. How; through( ) 25. - Mr Brown is very _. - Yeah. But he still spends _ time playing tennis on SundaysA. busy; a few B. free; a few C. busy; a little D. free; a little( ) 26. You look so tired. _ to have a rest and dont always work _. A. Go, too little B. Going; too much C. Go, too much D. Going; too little( ) 27. About _ of the students in our class _ girls.A. two thirds; are B. two thirds; is C. two third; are D. two third; is( ) 28. - You can use _ the garden for flowers, and the rest of it for vegetables. - Yes, you are right. I can finish doing these things at _ the day. A. all of; the end of B. all of; the beginning of C. part of; the end of D. part of; the beginning of( ) 29. - There are _ apples at home. - Lets go to the supermarket and buy _.A. no some B. not; some C. no; any D. not; any( ) 30. - _ pocket money do you get? - Only _. A. How much; little B. How much; a little C. How many; a little D. How many; littleIV. 完形填空。【来源：21世纪教育网】George Washington Carver was a teacher. He was famous_31_ he was very clever. Some students wanted to trick their famous_32_. They got some insects (昆虫). These insects were not the same kind. In fact, they were all _33_. The students took parts from each insect. Then they put the parts together. They made a(n) _34_insect!21*cnjy* The_35_ took the fake (假的) insect to Carver. “Mr Carver,” they said. We_36_an insect. We dont know what it is. Please_37_ us, Mr Carver. Carver looked at the insect. He said, “I _38_ what this insect is. This is a trick insect! Carver was not _39_. He liked to joke with his students. In fact, Carver took good care of his students. He helped them in the _40_, and he helped them out of school. Carter was so clever that he even taught farmers how to grow good crops(庄稼)( ) 31. A. so B. because C. if D. when( ) 32. A. teacher B. doctor C. student D. farmer( ) 33. A. different B. delicious C. safe D. clean( ) 34. A. traditional B. natural C. old D. new( ) 35. A. workers B. teachers C. students D. farmers( ) 36. A. drew B. found C. called D. liked( ) 37. A. study B. ask C. help D. play( ) 38. A. discuss B. know C. forget D. prefer( ) 39. A. angry