沪教版七下unit5-讲义加练习.doc

沪教版七（下）unit 5 water
短语：
brush one's teeth 刷牙 be on 开着的 be off 关着的 pour into 倒入，倾入
pour down 倾泻 turn on = switch on 打开 turn off = switch off 关掉
be angry with sb 对某人生气 carry-----to-----搬到，带到
clean up sth = make sth clean 净化 not -----until 直到----才 look around 到处看
go back to = return to 回到e out of 从---出来 in the first place = in the beginning = at first 开始，首先remember to do 记得去做某事remember not to do 记得不要去做某事
forget to do 忘记去做某事forget doing 忘记做过某事talk to sb 对某人说话 talk with sb 与某人交谈be covered with 用----覆盖in fact 事实上 for example 例如
语法点
1. Few & little
few: 用于修饰可数名词。a few 有一点点，表示肯定，few几乎没有了，表示否定。
little：修饰不可数名词。a little, 有一点点，表肯定，little几乎没有，表否定。
Few of us study English. 我们中很少有人学习英语。
We have few books. 我们几乎没有书。
I have a little money with me. 我身上带着一点钱。
There is little water in the cup. 杯子里几乎没有水。
2. exercise
名词： 当exercise用于“广义上的锻炼”，如“锻炼，训练”时，它被当作不可数名词在用。
如：take exercise ,do exercise锻炼身体 take more exercise多锻炼
当exercise用于“体操”或“练习（题）”时或“习题和练习”讲时是可数名词，要用复数形式。
如：do morning exercises（做早操），do eye exercises（做眼保健操），do English exercises（做英语练习）。
动词：运动，训练 实行，履行
Eg： You don't exercise enough. 你锻炼不够
A doctor should learn how to exercise patience to his clients. 医生应该学习怎么样对他的病人有耐心。
exercise和sport的区别： exercise指增进健康的活动。 Sport指以娱乐为主的运动竞技
3. Turn
Turn on: 打开 （水源，煤气，电灯，收音机等）Turn off： 关上
Turn up： 调大，开大（音量）Turn down： 关小，调低（音量）
Turn on the radio Turn off the light
动词 + 副词 ： 接名词的话，名词放在中间和副词后面都可以
接代词的话，就只能放在中间
Turn the puter on Turn on the puter Turn it on
4.Sound 系动词 听起来； 名词 声音
系动词“听起来”接形容词做表语The argument sounds great. 那个观点听起来很棒。
5.bring, take, get, carry
bring: 带来， 从远处带到说话的地方
take：带走，从说话的地方带到别的地方去
get：取来，从别的地方把某物取到说话的地方
carry：提，搬，扛
Please bring your homework to school. He can take the flowers to his room.
Who can get me some water? Can you carry the heavy box?
6.Remember
remember to do sth : 记得要做某事 （记得的事情还没有做）
remember doing sth ：记得做过某事 （记得的事情做了）
He remembered to tell her about it. 他想起来了要告诉她这件事了。 （还没有告诉）
He remembered telling her about it. 他记得告诉过她这件事了。 （已经告诉了）
forget to do sth ： 忘记做某事 （事情还没有做）
forget doing sth ：忘记做过某事（事情做了）
I forgot to tell her about it. （还没有告诉）I forgot telling her about it. (已经告诉了)
7.hear 和 listen to 的区别
hear 着重听的结果Listen to 着重听的动作，过程 I listened carefully but I heard nothing.
8.Pour down: 倾泻 Pour into： 倒入，倾入
Water was pouring into the sink. The rain is pouring down.
9.Be on : 开着的 Be off： 关着的，关掉的
----How strange!---The tap is on but there is no one here.
10.Clean up sth= make sth clean 净化, 把----弄干净His mother is cleaning him up
11.How many 和 how much
How many: 意为 "多少"， 用来询问可数名词的数量，后接可数名词复数
How much: 多少， 用来询问不可数名词的数量的，其后接不可数名词；
还可以用来提问价格， -----多少钱
How many girls are there in your class. How many storybooks do you have ?
How much meat do we need to make dumplings? How much milk does the boy drink every day?
How much is the puter?
12.Much too ; too much/ too many （看末尾词就行）
Too much/ many 太多 Much too 太---
The coat is much too large for me . We have too much homework to do every day.
There are too many books on the shelf.
13.enough修饰形容词，放在形容词的后面。修饰名词，放在名词的前面。
We don't have enough water to drink. The book is easy enough for you to read.
He runs fast enough to catch up with the other runners.
14. lie
lie,lay,lain,指躺着，lie,lied,lied,指说谎。lay,laid,laid,指下蛋
So we decide not to lie.但是我决定不去说谎。
The child likes to lie by his mother.孩子喜欢躺在母亲身边。
15. 1. It’s +形容词 +of sb+动词不定式
这一句型表示“某人（做某事）……”。常用形容词有：good, kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish, lazy, careful, careless, right, wrong等，来说明“人”的性质或特征。
eg. It’s very kind of you to help me. 你能帮助我真是太好了。
It’s foolish of you to make such mistake. 你真傻啊，竟然犯这种错误。
2. It’s +形容词+(for sb.) +动词不定式
这一句型表示“做某事对某人来说……”。常用形容词有：difficult, easy, hard, dangerous, safe, useful, pleasant, interesting, impossible等，来说明动词不定式的性质、特征。
e.g. It is impossible for a child to answer the question. 小孩子不可能回答出这个问题。
It’s dangerous for you to swim alone. 你自己一个人去游泳很危险。
16.Show sb sth = show sth to sb 给某人展示某物
I showed the table to them. I showed them the table.

单元语法：
可数名词和不可数名词分类
一．名词：名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类
二．分类
名

词
专有名词
表示具体的人或事物、地点、机构、团体、国家、节日等名称的词
如：John    Donghu Park越秀公园 the Changjiang River 珠江
the Great Wall 长城 the United Nations 联合国 China 中国 Australia 澳大利亚 Monday 星期一 January 一月    Children’s Day 儿童节
普通名词
个体名词
在表示某类人或东西中的个体。
如：dog狗、car小汽车、worker工人、book书。
集体名词
表示若干个体组成的集合体的总称。
如：class班、family家、team队。
物质名词
表示无法分为个体的实物。如：fire火、tea茶。
抽象名词
表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。
如：work工作。

名词的数：可数名词和不可数名词
名词
可数名词：一般包括个体名词、集体名词。
不可数名词：一般包括物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词。

单数
复数

一、 可数名词复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。如：
1． 可数名词的复数形式构成及读音
一般名词复数构成法
构成法
例词
一般情况下，在名词单数形式的词尾加s
book-books, day-days, jobs
以s, x,，ch，sh，结尾的名词，在词尾加es
class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches, wish- wishes
以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，将y变成i后加es
city-cities, country-countries, factory-factories
以f或fe结尾的名词，一般将f或fe变成v后，再加es
leaf-leaves, wife-wives,
life-lives, thief-thieves
knife-knivies, half-halves, shelf-shelves
注：以o结尾的可数名词，只有hero,negro,tomato,potato这4个名词加es, 别的都是加s。
名词复数的不规则变化
1. foot—feet tooth—teeth goose—geese man—men　 woman—women　
mouse—mice　 child—children
注意：与man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women.
eg: an Englishman， two Englishmen; a policewoman, three policewomen
但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans;
由man或woman加一个其他名词构成的复合名词时，两个都变复数
woman doctor-women doctors(女医生); man servant-men servants(男服务员)
2.单复数同形的名词：deer，sheep，fish, Chinese，Japanese， yuan，但除人民币元、角、分外，美元（dollar）、英镑（pound）和法郎franc）等都有复数形式。eg: a dollar，two dollars；
3. 集体名词，以单数出现，但实为复数。如：people police cattle（牛；牲畜）
4.国籍复数口诀：
国籍复数并不难，中日瑞是一致，英法联盟a改e, 其余s 加后面
不同国家人的单、复数
名称
总称(谓语用复数）
一个人　　 　　
两个人
中国人
the Chinese
a Chinese
two Chinese
日本人
the Japanese
a Japanese
two Japanese
瑞士人
the Swiss
a Swiss
two Swiss
英国人
the English
an Englishman
two Englishmen
法国人
the French
a Frenchman
two Frenchmen
意大利人
the Italians
an Italian
two Italians
希腊人
the Greek
a Greek
two Greeks
俄国人
the Russians
a Russian
two Russians
美国人
the Americans
an American
two Americans
印度人
the Indians
an Indian
two Indians
加拿大人
the Canadians
a Canadian
two Canadians
德国人
the Germans
a German
two Germans
澳大利亚人
the Australians
an Australian
two Australians
瑞典人
the Swedish
a Swede
two Swedes　　
不可数名词：不可数名词主要包括两大类，即物质名词和抽象名词。如：
Water, coffee, milk, medicine, advice, work

l 不可数名词只以单数的形式出现它是无法计数的。
物质、材料
glass…

食品
bread、toast…
散的、疏松的
rice、sugar…

抽象概念
work、sleep…
液体water、juice…
不可数名词

科学、艺术、运动
music、tennis…
感觉
happiness…

常见的不可数名词
A. 抽象名词
information 信息 advice 建议 knowledge 知识 trouble 麻烦 happiness 幸福
truth 真理 wisdom 智慧 work 工作 energy 能源 luck 运气fun 乐趣 help 帮助

tea water wine beer meat bread butter cheese rice coffee air 空气 paper 纸 news 新闻 weather fog 雾 ice 冰 snow rain wind

B.名词量的表达
修饰可数名词：many, several, hundreds of, thousands of , millions of , a number of , a group of a pair of, a few, few, quite a few (许多) 等
You have made quite a few spelling mistakes in your position.
你的作文中有许多拼写错误。 We saw hundreds of monkeys on the hill.
修饰不可数名词： much, a great deal of, a bit of , a drop of , a piece of, a little, little.
I want a piece of chalk 我想要一支粉笔Please give me a little ink.
可数和不可数名词都可以修饰的： some, any, plenty of, a lot of, lots of
Please give me some paper. I don't want to buy any magazines.
Exercise:
1. How many _______ are there in the fridge?
A tomato B apples C orange D bread
2. --Is that ______ ice cream, Lo? --- No, it's too little.
A too many B too little C much too D too much
3. --Would you please ______ the radio a little? Kate is doing her homework.
--Sorry, I will. A turn on B turn off C turn down D turn up
4. --How much _______ the shoes? --Five dollars _______ enough.
A is ; is B are ; is C are ; are D is ; are
5. There is __________ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the supermarket and get _____? A little; some B little ; any C few; some D few; any
6. Don't forget ___________ your money here tomorrow.
A to take B to bring C taking D bringing
7. Let's remember ________ too much noise.
A to make B not to make C to not make D making
8. ---_____ are these vegetables? ---They are 10 yuan.
A How B What C How much D How many
9. The doctors and the nurses were all tired, but ________ stopped to have a rest.
A no B no one C many D much
10. Most of my work has been finished, and I have _______ to chat with my grandfather.
A time enough B enough time C many times D little time
11. He is __________ to have the chance to go abroad.
A lucky enough B enough lucky C unlucky enough D enough unlucky
12 The letter from my uncle was short. There wasn't __________ news
A many B a few C much D few
13. Jack has got ______ color paper with hime. Let's try to ask him for some.
A a little B few C a few D little
14. Don't forget to ______ the lights and the TV in the sitting room before going to bed.
A turn over B turn on C turn off D turn up
15. --The teacher looks very ______. -- Yes, He is looking _____ at Tony. What's wrong?
A angry, angrily B angry, angrily C angrily, angrily D angrily, angry
单元测试题
I. 词汇: 根据汉语或首字母提示写单词, 补全句子。（共10小题，每小题0.5分）
1. The factory needs a large _______(数量) of water to make the juice.
2. We did an interesting _______ (实验) in our physics class.
3. The ______ (银行) is far away from the hotel We’d better take a bus.
4. Farmers should not use too many _____ (化学品). Some of them are harmful to our health.
5. The dirty water runs out from the _____ (管子) under the street.
6. My sunglasses d_______ down from the desk and broke into pieces.
7. --- The Whites like watching TV. --- Yes. The TV is always o_____ in their house.
8. --- Rose has a beautiful v_____. --- Yeah. She sings beautifully
9. We can’t drink the sea water. We need some f_____ water to drink on the island. -2-1-cnjy-
10. The coat is 50 yuan. You give me 100 yuan, so I should give you 50 yuan as c________.
II. 句子: 根据汉语提示, 补全句子。每空一词。(共5小题，每小题1分)
11. 咱们玩纸牌而不是看电视吧。Let’s play cards ______ _______ watching TV.
12. 在一定温度下, 水将会变为冰。At a certain temperature, water will _______ ______ ice.
13. 这个队是由十五个运动员组成。The team ______ _______ _______ _______ 15 players.
14. 跑完步后, 这男孩去冲了个澡。The boy went to _______ _______ _______ after running.【版
15. 这条河就快要干涸了。The river will soon _______ _______.
III. 单项选择。（共15小题，每小题1分）
A)从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以替代划线部分的最佳选项。
) 16. He started his journey very early in the morning.
A. trip B. work C. quiz D. walk
( ) 17. I have to return the books to the library today.
A. learn about B. write down C. talk about D. give back
( ) 18. The rain may continue for a few days.
A. go on B. give up C. stop D. happen
( ) 19. Don’t you think the radio is a bit loud?
A. too much B. not enough C. very D. a little
( ) 20. I’d like to add some sugar to the milk.
A. have some sugar with the milk B. put some sugar into the milk
C. change some sugar into the milk D. bring some sugar of the milk
B)从下面每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( ) 21. --- You’ll _____ the bad habit if you keep borrowing money.21cnjy.
--- OK. From now on, I will spend money _____.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. form; careful B. mean; careful C. form; carefully D. mean; carefully
( ) 22. --- Our teacher’s advice is very ______. --- Yeah. She gives us _____ help.
A. fortable; too many B. valuable; too much
C. difficult; too little D. dangerous; too few
( ) 23. --- Don’t forget to _______ the light when you leave the room.
--- OK, I won’t. I know we should ______ energy.21世纪教育网版权所有
A. turn off; save B. turn into; save C. turn off; collect D. turn into; collect
( ) 24. --- _____ can I get to that village? --- You must walk ______ the forest.
A. What; between B. How; between C. What; through D. How; through
( ) 25. --- Mr Brown is very _______.
--- Yeah. But he still spends ______ time playing tennis on Sundays
A. busy; a few B. free; a few C. busy; a little D. free; a little
( ) 26. You look so tired. ____ to have a rest and don’t always work ______.
A. Go, too little B. Going; too much C. Go, too much D. Going; too little
( ) 27. About _____ of the students in our class ____ girls.
A. two thirds; are B. two thirds; is C. two third; are D. two third; is
( ) 28. --- You can use _______ the garden for flowers, and the rest of it for vegetables.
--- Yes, you are right. I can finish doing these things at ______ the day.
A. all of; the end of B. all of; the beginning of
C. part of; the end of D. part of; the beginning of
( ) 29. --- There are ______ apples at home. --- Let’s go to the supermarket and buy _____.A. no some B. not; some C. no; any D. not; any
( ) 30. --- ______ pocket money do you get? --- Only _______.
A. How much; little B. How much; a little
C. How many; a little D. How many; little
IV. 完形填空来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
George Washington Carver was a teacher. He was famous___31___ he was very clever. Some students wanted to trick their famous___32___. They got some insects (昆虫). These insects were not the same kind. In fact, they were all ___33___. The students took parts from each insect. Then they put the parts together. They made a(n) ____34___insect!　　21*cnjy*
The___35___ took the fake (假的) insect to Carver. “Mr Carver,” they said. "We___36___an insect. We don't know what it is. Please___37___ us, Mr Carver."
Carver looked at the insect. He said, “I ___38___ what this insect is. This is a trick insect!" Carver was not ___39___. He liked to joke with his students. In fact, Carver took good care of his students. He helped them in the ___40___, and he helped them out of school. Carter was so clever that he even taught farmers how to grow good crops(庄稼)．
( ) 31. A. so B. because C. if D. when
( ) 32. A. teacher B. doctor C. student D. farmer
( ) 33. A. different B. delicious C. safe D. clean
( ) 34. A. traditional B. natural C. old D. new
( ) 35. A. workers B teachers C. students D. farmers
( ) 36. A. drew B. found C. called D. liked
( ) 37. A. study B. ask C. help D. play
( ) 38. A. discuss B. know C. forget D. prefer
( ) 39. A. angry