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Unit 10 You are supposed to shake hands.
1. suppose：猜想;假设 suppose that 猜测;假设 that可省
be supposed to do sth被期望/要求做某事；应该 =should do sth=ought to do sth
be not supposed to do sth 不被期望做某事 (语气较轻)
should not do 不应该做... (语气较重)
1) 应该，被期望
What are you supposed to do when you meet someone？当你遇到某人的时候应该怎么做？
2)于否定句中表示获准 You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.你不可以在公共汽车上抽烟。
3)be supposed to主语是物时，本应、本该 表示某事本应该发生而没有发生
当句子的主语是人时，它可以用来表示劝告，建议，义务， 责任等
The plane was supposed to arrive at 6：00.飞机本应6点钟到。
4)be supposed to+ have done本应做某事而没做
You are supposed to have finished the work so far.到目前为止你们本应早已完成此项工作。
2. shake v 摇，抖动，动摇，挥舞，摆脱 shook→ shaken
shake hands 握手
shake hands with sb.与某人握手=shake sb by the hand
shake one’s hand 握某人的手 强调一方的动作
shake down适应新环境
Soon the students from the south shook down nicely.南方学生们不久就很好地适应了环境。
3. for the fist time 第一次 by the time 到....时候 到....之前
what time 几点
all the time 一直
at times 有时
in time 及时
on time 按时
at no time 立即
have a good time 玩得开心
at any time 随时
next time 下次
at the same time 同时
from time to time 偶尔
for a time 暂时
4. bow vt.& vi.鞠躬，俯首，点头，屈服 n 弓，蝴蝶扣；鞠躬，点头
bow before/to sb 向某人鞠躬 make/take a bow 鞠躬
have a bowing acquaintance with sb 同某人有点头之交
bow to the power of the church 向教会势力屈服
bow one’s heads in shame 羞愧地低下头来 draw one’s bow 拉弓
5. expect v 期待 预料 期望 expect sth 预料/期望某事 expect that 从句 预料…; 想….
expect to do sth 预计做某事
expect sb. to do sth 期待某人做某事 ( 没有hope sb to do / 只有hope that sb can/ will do )
I expect so/ not = I hope so / not
sb. be expected to do sth. 某人被期望做某事/应该要做某事
Everyone in the class is expected to take part in the discussion.
6. greet vt.向……致意，欢迎，迎接，被觉察 =say hello to sb
greet each other with a smile互相微笑致意
greet sb with a shower of stones.向某人投掷雨点般的石子
greet sb. the wrong way
7. as soon as 一…就… 引导时间状语从句，主将从现
Your uncle will e to see you as soon as he arrives here.
I’ll tell him as soon as I see him.
8.hold out ones` hand 伸出（手） hold on 抓住; (打xx时用语)别挂断...
hold on to 坚持; 不放弃新 课hold on to your dreams 标 hold up 举起
9. be relaxed about sth. 对…..宽松； 对….随意不严格
They are relaxed about the time. 他们对时间很随意。
10.pretty adv. 相当,很,颇＝very She is pretty friendly. 她相当友好。
adj. 美丽的 She is a pretty girl.她是一个美丽的女孩。
pretty语气较beautiful弱,且大多用来指年轻的女性, 一般不用来描写成年男性。pretty也可用于男女
儿童, 表示漂亮、活泼、可爱。
pretty fairly，rather，quite区别
1)pretty多用于口语；fairly多修饰好的一面的形容词；rather可修饰不好的或好的一面的形容词；quite多修饰好的一面的形容词和无等级之分的形容词。
It’s fairly(quite)interesting(warm，good，etc.).这很有趣(很暖和，很好等)。
It’s rather cold(bad，difficult，etc.).真冷(真糟，真难等)。
The bottle is quite empty.这瓶子完全空了。
2) fairly，quite与rather三者程度上差异如下
not good→fairly good→quite good→rather good→very good不好→还好→不错→相当不错→很好
3)fairly和rather同是修饰一个词，意思上有区别。请比较：
fairly easy 较容易(难度适宜) rather easy 太容易(缺乏难度)
4)rather和quite可放在动词之前。
(1)I rather like this colour.我倒很喜欢这颜色。 (2)She quite like him.她确实喜欢他。
5)rather和quite都可和名词连用，若无形容词都必须放在冠词前。
(1)He made quite an effort，but he failed in the end.她做了很大努力，可最终还是没成功。
(2)It’s rather a shame that they have to work on weekends.他们周末还要工作，这有点不公平。
11. 1)a little + n.(不可数名词) = a bit of + n.(不不可数名词)
2)a little + adj. = a bit + adj. 稍微有点儿
3)not a little = very much许多、很、不只一点点 not a bit = not at all一点也不
He had a bit of /a little bread for his breakfast.他早上吃了点儿面包。
Are you tired？-No， not a bit.你累吗？一点也不累
He feels a bit cold.或He feels a little cold.他感觉有点儿冷。
12. drop by 访问 看望 拜访 串门 美式英语=drop in(on sb.)=顺便走访(某人)
drop by sb / sb` s home = e over to sb / sb`s home
drop in at + 地点 顺便拜访某处 drop in on + sb. 顺便拜访某人
I often drop by my uncle’s home.
13. get/be mad at/with sb. 对某人生气= get/be angry with sb. 对某人生气新课 标 第 一 网
get/be mad about sth 对..很入迷, 因为某事生气
She was mad at her husband for forgetting her birthday. 她因为她的丈夫忘了她的生日而生气。
14. make plans to do =make a plan to do== plan to do. 打算做某事
She has made plans to go to Beijing.=She has planed to go to Beijing.
15. as …as sb can = as …. as possible 尽某人所能……
16.make an effort作出努力 make an effort to do sth 努力做某事
We will make an effort to finish the project on time.
make every effort to do sth 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力做某事
beyong effort 力所不能及 in a mon effort 共同努力
without effort 毫不费力地，轻松地
17. go somewhere 去某地 somewhere adv. 在某处；到某处前面不可用介词。
18. to one’s surprise 使/让某人吃惊的是 句首
in surprise 惊奇地 句尾 句首
be surprised at 对...感到吃惊 be surprised to do 做某事令某人感到惊讶
19. after all毕竟;终归 best of all 更好的是
not at all 一点也不
all of a sudden 突然
all the time 一直；总是
all in all 总的来说
all over 到处；处处
above all 最重要的是
first of all 首先；第一
in all 总共
20. keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
1) keep sb/sth +adj keep our clssroom clean
2) keep sb/sth +adv keep him away from school
3)keep sb/sth +doing
4) keep sb/sth +prep短语 keep your books in the box
21. take off脱下/(飞机等）起飞 take out 取出 take away 拿走 take after （性格）相像
take it easy 别紧张 take place 发生 take care 小心 take care of 照顾
take part in 参加（活动） take notes记笔记 take...to... 把....带到....
22. worth adj 值得； 有….价值的
1) be worth doing sth 值得做某事 He who does his duty is worth praising.
2) be worth+money 值多少钱
3) be worth+n 值得 It’s worth our work.
4) be well lworth 很值得
23. manner n 方式 方法 manners 礼貌 礼仪 table manners 餐做礼仪
24. ponit at 指着 侧重所指的对象 ponit to 指向 侧重所指的方向
point sth at sth 用...指着.... point…at…瞄准，对着
Don’t point at anyone with your chopsticks.不要用筷子指着某人。
If you want to see the moon clearly， point a telescope at the moon.
25. stick v. 剌 截 放置，粘贴，塞，使进退两难，伸出，容忍，坚持等
n. 棒，棍,枝条、棍、手杖
stick A on B把A贴到B上 stick...into/to... 把...插入 stick A into B把A 塞到B里面
get stuck in the mud 陷在泥里了 stick the tongue out 伸出舌头
stick to sb跟着某人 寸步不离 stick to one’s post坚守岗位
walk with a stick. 拄着拐杖走路
He stuck his fork into a potato.他用叉子叉住土豆。
26. There is no reason to do sth 没有理由做某事= have no reason to do sth
27. go out of one’s way to do 特意，不怕麻烦地做某事，专门做某事 特别/格外努力地做某事
He went out of his way to make me happy.
28. make oneself/sb at home 别客气，就像在自己家一样,使某人感到宾至如归
make sb./oneself feel/be at home 感觉如在自己家中，无拘束
make sth for sb=make sb sth 给某人做某物
make sb do sth=let/have sb do sth=get sb to do sth
29. behave vi.& vt.举动 表现 运转 举止端正；使表现好。n behaviour行为，态度
behave well 表现良好 behave badly行为恶劣
behave oneself 规矩些 表现良好
be on one’s best behaviour 表现极好
The generator behaves quite normally.发电机运转十分正常。
She taught all the children to behave.她教所有的孩子都有礼貌。
He behaved himself like a man.他为人有男子汉气概。
His behaviour towards me shows that he doesn’t like me.他对我的态度表明他并不喜欢我。
He is like a beast in behaviour.他的行为等于禽兽。
30.except 除……之外 except后的人或物被排除在（排除关系）
except for 在整体里面除去某个细节 整体评价 指出美中不足的地方
besides 除……之外（还有） （并列关系） besides 后的人或物也包括在前面提到的范围内
beside = next to 在...旁边
I get up early except Sunday. （不包括星期天）
Nobody was late for the meeting except me today.
Five others are late besides me. （包含我在内）
31. be fortable doing sth. 做某事很轻松, 乐意做某事
I feel fortable talking with you. 和你讲话感觉很舒服。
32.not ...any more=no more 不 not... any longer＝no longer 不再
The boy didn’t cry any more/longer when he saw his mother.
Don’t try to fool us. We are not children _______
A. any longer B. any more C. after all D. A, B and C
33. around the world == all over the world 全世界
start doing == start to do 开始做某事 He started reading.== He started to read. 他开始读。
invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
34. find+宾语+宾补→find it(形式宾语)+宾补+to do sth.(真正宾语)
I find it difficult to remember everything. 形式宾语 真正宾语
find / think + it/them +形容词 to do sth. I think it hard to study English.
35. get/be used to sth. 习惯于… get/be used to doing 习惯于… be used to do 被用于做…
be used for doing 被用于做… used to do 过去常常做…
36. can’t stop doing 忍不住做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事
37. pick vt.& vi.凿，掘，挖，剔，撬，摘，采，挑选等 n 最优秀部分，选择
pick up 捡起 pick the door open.撬开了门 pick cotton 采棉花
He picked the biggest apple.他挑中了最大的苹果。
Ripe peaches pick easily.桃子熟了好摘。
These students were the pick of the school.这些学生是全校最优秀的。
Take your pick, please.请你挑选。
38. thanks for your message 谢谢你的来信。
thanks for 为……而感谢 thanks to由于，幸亏
thanks for...＝thank you for... 因...而感谢 后接名词、代词或者动名词作宾语
Thanks for helping me. Thanks for your message.
Thanks to the teacher’s help，we finished the work on time.多亏老师的帮助，我们按时完成了工作。
39. give sb some advice/suggesstions about sth
at/on one’s suggestion 根据某人的建议
ask sb for advice 向某人征求建议 a piece of advice 一条建议
give sb advice on 在....方面给某人建议
accept/follow/take one’s advice 接受某人的建议
40. show up 出现，露面
show off 炫耀 卖弄 show sb around 带领某人参观 on show 展出，展览
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