八年级下册英语外研社各模块知识要点.doc

八年级下册英语外研社各模块知识要点Module 1 Feelings and impressionsUnit 11. what a delicious smell! 本句是一个感叹句，感叹句的常见结构为：what+aan+adj.+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! what+adj.+不可数名词可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!how +adj. (+主语+谓语)! Eg：What a beautiful girl (she is)! =How beautiful the (girl is)! 此外，smell在本句中作名词，表示“香味”。2. nice:adj. 美味的，友好的，令人愉快的 nice weather: 好天气 be nice to sb.:对某人友好 a nice trip: 一次令人愉快的旅行The cookie tastes nice. 这块饼干尝起来美味。3. would you like to try some?would like 比want 语气更委婉lWould you like?是一个表示请求的句型，句中用somesomething，而不用anyanything。还可用于would like sth.would (sb) like to do sth Eg：Would you like to go shopping with me this afternoon? Would you like something to drink?try (not) to do sth 尽力(不)去做某事 try ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力去做某事 .4. lovely: 令人愉快的，可爱的 修饰人或物 a lovely afternoon / girl lively: 活泼的，生动的 a lively lesson:一堂生动的课5. Im afraid that + 从句: 恐怕 （表示歉意或让对方失望的情况） Im afraid that I cant come to your party tomorrow.6. 1) a bit = a little:有点儿，有点 后接 / 形容词 / 副词 形容词 / 副词的比较级 I feel a bit thirsty now. After the rain, people feel a bit / a little cooler. 2) a little + 不可数名词： There is a little time left.a bit of + 不可数名词：There Is a bit of water in thebottle.7. have a try: 试一试 have a / an + 名词 have a swim:游泳 have a break:休息 have a shower:洗沐浴 8. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢吃甜食。9. be done: 做好了，完成了 done: adj. 做好了的，完成了10. be sure + 从句：Are you sure what you said? Be sure of / about sth.: 对确信 Im sure of / about the telephone number. be sure (not) to do. Sth.: 确保/ 务必（不）做某事 Be sure not to miss the early bus.11.lucky day:幸运日 Youre a lucky boy. 你是一个幸运儿。 Good luck to you. 祝你好运。 luck(n.) lucky(adj.) luckily(adv.)12.Do you want to try a piece? want to do sth want sb (not) to do sth a piece of一张条片 (a piece of paperadvice)Eg：I want to be an actor in the future.13. there be 句型表示“某地有”，其中be只有isare，判断主谓一致时遵循就近一致的原则。变成否定时在be后加not；变成一般疑问句时将be提至句首，肯定回答用Yes, there isare. 否定回答用No, there isntarent. Eg：There is a desk and two chairs in my bedroom.【拓展】there be 句型在一般将来时中的应用：There will beThere is(are) going to be 、Eg：There will be a football match tomorrow.=There is going to be a football match tomorrow.14. shall I get the sugar? “shall I do sth?”常用于表示sb主动提出做sth，表示征求他人意见，请求他人允许或向他人提出建议。(shall通常跟第一人称连用) Eg：Shall we go to the movie?15.表示推测： It might be 可能是 It must be 一定是表示推测，可能性的情态动词：mustcancouldmaymight(可能性从大小)16. speak+语言 say+具体内容 tell sb sth ; tell sb (not) to do sth talk towith sb about sth 关于sth与sb交谈Unit 21. thanks for = thank you for: 因而感谢你 Thank you for / your help. sending me phots. welcome to sp Welcome to Beijing. Welcome home -Thank you! -You are welcome.2. message: 口信、信息 （可数名词）take a message:捎个口信 leave a message:留信 Information: 信息（不可数名词） a piece of information , some information3. hear from sb. = get / receive a letter from sb. : 收到某人的来信 I heard from my uncle last week. = I got / received a letter from my uncle last week.4. cant wait to do sth. : 等不及 / 迫不及待做某事 I cant wait to open the present.5. quite: 1) quite a / an + 形容词 + 名词 quite a nice boy:一个相当好的男孩。 2）quite 修饰动词时放在动词前 He quite likes maths. 他很喜欢数学。 very: 1) a very + 形容词 + 名词 a very nice boy 2) very 与much合在一起修饰动词时，位于句末。He likes English very much.6. sound like: 听起来（像） The music sounds very beautiful.7. 1) sb. spend some time / money (in) doing sth.: 某人花费时间 / 钱做某事Dont spend too much time (in) playing computer games. 2) sb. spend some time / money on sth. :某人花时间 / 钱在某事/某物上I spent ten yuan on this book. Many people spned their free time on their hobbies.8. be proud of sb. / sth. : 以某人 / 某事为自豪 Parents are proud of their children. Were proud of our country.9. be good at sth. / doing sth. = do well in sth. / doing sth. 擅长某事 / 做某事 Im good at English / swimming. = I do well in English / swimming.【拓展】be good for 对有益。 be bad for 对有害。be good to = be friendly to 对友好Eg：Smoking is bad for our health. Our teacher is good to us, we all like her.注意：有a的表示肯定，无a的表示否定10. How do you feel about？= What do you think of ? = How do you like？ How do you feel about the film? = What do you think of the film?11. in: 在多久之后，常用于将来时，对其提问用how soon - How soon will you leave Beijing? - Ill come back in three days.12. how to do things: 疑问词 + 不定式，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语 1) I dont know what to do. = I dont know what I should do. （作宾语）疑问词加不定式作宾语时可以转换成宾语从句。 2) When to hold the meeting hasnt been decided. （作主语） 3) His dream is how to be a good scientist. （作表语） 4) I dont know what to do. = I dont know how to do it. 13. 1) be afraid of sb. / sth. : 害怕某人/某物 Im afraid of doctors / dogs. 2) be afraid of doing sth.: 害怕做某事 Im afraid of flying / going out at night. 3) be afraid to do sth.: 害怕做某事 Im afraid to swim across the river. 4) Im afraid that: 恐怕 Im afraid that you must study hard.14. “到达”的表达法：get to sp reach+sp at+小地点 (get homeherethere)15. 表示“穿戴”：wear+衣帽饰物 in+颜色款式Put on 穿上(动作) dress sboneself【辨析】as welltooalsoeither：as well 肯定句，放句末，前面不加逗号 。too肯定句或一般疑问句，放句末， 前面常加逗号。also肯定句，放句中。 either 否定句，放句末，前面常加逗号16.Im always sorry when I dont know how to do things in the right how to do sth 是“疑问词+动词不定式短语”，在句中作know的宾语Eg：I dont know what to do next.17. ask sb (not) to do sth help sb (to) do sth=help sb with sth 18. what does sbsth look like?用于询问某人或某事的外貌或外部特征 Whats sbsth like? 用于询问某人或某事的性格或特征 Eg：-What does Mary look like? -She is thin. -Whats Tom like? -He is shy.19.another 指三个及以上中的另一个。The other 指两者中的另一个。Someone else 表示其他的人。20. noisy(adj.) 吵闹的.noise(n.) 噪音(不可数)。noisily(adv.) 吵闹地。make much noise. 发出很多噪音。mucheven+比较级语法：表示感觉和知觉的系动词也称感官系动词1. 五个表示感觉和知觉的系动词与眼、耳、口、鼻、手相关系。 look, sound, taste, smell, feel + 形容词 He feels tired after work.2. 感官系动词后可接介词like, like后常接名词。 His idea sounds like fun .3. 感官系动词的句型结构与be 不同，其否定形式和疑问形式要借助动词 do。 The food tastes delicious. 变成否定句 The food doesnt taste delicious. 变成一般疑问句 Does the food taste delicious?4.持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay The weather will keep warm for 7 days. 5.变化系动词有become, grow, turn, get, go等。Module 2 ExperiencesUnit 11. 1) enter = take part in = join in 参加 enter a competition: 参加比赛 2) enter = come / go into 进入 Please enter the classroom.2. ever: 曾经、从来，用于现在完成时的一疑问句、否定句。 1) Have / Has sb. ever + done sth. ? 某人曾经做过某事吗？Have you ever entered a club? 2) ever用于否定句，not ever = never 从来She hasnt ever entered any competitions.3. before adv. 以前, 与现在完成时连用; 也可与一般过去时/一般现在时连用,位于句末。 She has never been to Beijing before.Turn off the light before you leave the room. He came back before 10 oclock last night.4. 1) afford: 买得起、付得起，常与can, could, be able to 连用。The house is too expensive. I cant afford it. 2) afford后跟动词不定式作宾语，can afford to / do sth.: 有能力支付做某事 buy sth.: 买得起某物 I can afford to visit Shanghai this year. He is very poor and cant afford to buy a house in the city.5. Thats a pity. What a pity! 真遗憾！ Its a pity that: 太可惜了 Its a pity that you cant come to the party.6. here , there , out, in 等表示方位的副词开头的句子中，主语是名词，句子要全部倒装； 如果主语是代词，句子则要部分倒装。 Here is a gift for you. Here comes the bus. (主语是名词) Here it is. Here you are. (主语是代词)7. 不定式短语在句中作目的状语，位于句首或句中。 To catch the early bus, I get up early. (位于句首，其后有逗号) He studied hard to pass the exam. (位于主句后即句末)8. She worried about her future. = She _ _ about her future.9. make up: 编造，组成 Can you make up a story? be made up of: 由组成 The basketball team is made up of 20 players.10. 1) I hope that (宾语从句) 表示祝愿: I hope that my dream will come true. 2) hope / wish to do sth.: I wish to become a doctor in the future. 3) wish sb. to do sth.: I wish you to come to my birthday party.11. 1) invite sb. to do sth.: 邀请某人做某事 Lily invited me to see a film yesterday. 2) invite sb. to someplace: 邀请某人去某地 Ill invite Lilly to my party.12. competition(n.) 比赛 compete with sb for sth 为了sth与sb竞争 competitive(adj.) 有竞争力的 competitor(n.) 竞争者13. kind adj. 善良的，和蔼的 kindness(n.) 善良n. 种类：a kind of 一种 all kinds of 各种各样 Eg：He is a kind boy and often helps others. There are all kinds of things in the supermarket.14. help sb (to) do sth = help sb with sth improve(v.) 提高，改善 improvement(n.) Eg：In order to improve my English, my brother helps me with my homework every day.15. maybe 也许，大概(常放句首) may be 可能是(常放句中)Eg：Maybe you are right. You may be right.16. win+比赛 赢得 (winwonwon) beat+对手(sb) 打败(beatbeatbeaten)Eg：At last, he won the game. We beat them at chess.17. the first prize 一等奖 the second prize 二等奖18. dream of/about doing sth 梦想做某事afford to do sth 有能力支付做某事Eg：He dreams of becoming a scientist. I cant afford to buy a new computer.19. Have you ever won any prizes before?Have/Has sb ever+过去分词+其他? 用于询问某人是否做过某事，回答用yes/no.Eg：-Have you ever been to Beijing? -Yes, I have. / -No, I havent.20. stop to do sth 停止去做某事 stop doing sth 停止做某事 Eg：Stop talking! You look tired, why not stop to have a rest?Eg：It is a pity to fail in the exam. It was a pity that we missed the wonderful match.11. mean(v.) 意思是，意味着 mean to do sth= plan to do sth meaning(n.) 意思 the meaning of 的意思Eg：Do you mean to go to Hainan Island for holiday this year?22. 动词不定式to do 结构在句中可以作目的状语之外，还可以作宾语、宾语补足语。 Eg：To catch the bus, I have to get up early. He decides to study hard this term. The teacher asks us to take notes in class.23. Dont worry! 不要担心! worry 担心；为担心 worry about=be worried about 担忧26. called=named 被叫做(过去分词充当定语) Eg：There is a girl called/named Lucy in my class.Unit 21. 数词-名词-形容词：合成 /复合形容词，其中的名词必须用单数形式，只能放在名词前做定语，不能作表语。 Tom is an eight-year-old boy. Tom is eight years old.2. one of + the 形容词最高级 + 名词复数形式：最之一 The Yangze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.3. move to sp.: 搬到某地 They are moving to Beijing in a month.他们一个月后要搬到北京。work with sb. 与某人一起工作work for 为工作(for后面通常为公司) send sb. to sp. 把某人送到某地4.1) send sb. to do sth.: 派遣某人做某事 They sent some scientists to work in Beijing. 2)send sb. to a place: 派某人去某地 The school sent Tom to Guilin. 3)send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb.: 送/ 寄给某人某物 I sent Lily a book. = I sent a book to Lily.5. the + 姓氏s :一家人，夫妇 , 其作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Smiths are having dinner now.6. 1) has / have been to: 去过某地(表示经历)，人现在已回来，常与ever, never，次数等连用。I have been to Beijing twice. 我已去过北京两次了。 2) has /have gone to: 去某地了（表示此人不在这儿），不能用于第三人称。 - May I speak to Li Tao? 我可以和地涛通话吗？ - Sorry. He has gone to Beijing. 很抱歉。他去北京了。3) has / have been in: 住在/ 在，是延续性动词短语，可以与时间段连用。 He has been in Shanghai / for ten years. since he worked .23. 7.for example(举一例) start/begin to do sth 开始去做某事 such as (可举多例) doing sth 开始做某事 be different from与不同 in many ways 在很多方面8.in many ways: 在许多方面 In many ways, they do better than us.9. think / find / feel it + adj.(形容词) to do sth.: 觉得/ 认为/感觉做某事 I think it important to learn English well. I find it boring to play computer games. 10. so far= up to now: 到目前为止，常与现在完成时连用,位于句首或句末。 We have planted 2,000 trees so far. So far I have learned 10,000 words.11. mix with：把和混和在一起 We can sometimes mix business with pleasure. 我们有时可以把工作和娱乐结合起来。12. 1) ask sb. (not) to do sth.: 要求/ 让某人（不）做某事 Tom asked his mother to wake him up at seven oclock. 2) ask sb. about sth.: 向某人询问有关某事 ask ab. for sth.: 向某人要某物 Tom asked me about the homework. I asked Tom for a book.13. although=though 虽然，尽管(不能but连用，但是可以yet连用) Eg：Although he is not rich, he is very happy. =Although he is not rich, yet he is very happy. =He is not rich, but he is very happy.14. at the moment= now 现在 (常用于一般现在时和现在进行时) one of +最高级+可数名词复数 之一 (谓语动词用单数) Eg：We are waiting for the bus at the moment. Luxun is one of the greatest writers in China.15. they find it hard to spell and pronounce the words.本句中it 作find后的形式宾语，真正的宾语为to spell and pronounce the words.动词还可以是think，suppose等Eg：I think it boring to play computer games.【拓展】it除了作形式宾语之外，还可以作形式主语，同时用to do 作真正的主语。 Eg：It is important to learn English well.16. so far 到目前为止(常跟现在完成时一起用) all over the world 全世界 count down 倒计时 look forward to doing sth (pay attention to doing sth )17. 交通方式的表达法：(1) by+交通工具 (2) take the +交通工具(在句中作谓语) (3) on/in+限定词+交通工具 (4) 动词+to+地点(常见的动词：walkdriveflyride等) Eg： I go to work by bus. He usually takes the bus to go home. I hope more and more people go to work on their bike. My father drives to work every day.18. have a wonderfulgoodgreatnice time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心 Eg：-Im going to Hainan for holiday tomorrow. -Have a good time.Module3 Journey to spaceUnit 12. 1. What are you up to? = What are you doing ?最近在忙什么? be up to 表示“正在干，从事着”。常用在非正式常合中。后面接名词、代词或v.ing形式等。如：All of us are up to good deeds.我们所有人都在做有益的事情。Go and see what these naughty boys are up to.去看看这些顽皮的孩子在做什么。 be up to sb. to do sth. 表示“应由某人做某事”。常用it作形式主语。如：It is up to me to get the four of us moving.该由我来召集我们四个人动起来。 be up to sb. 表示“由某人决定，随某人”。如：Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother.我们是否去公园由你哥哥定。An Indian or a Chinese meal? Its up to you.吃印度菜还是中国菜？由你决定吧。 be up to 表示“胜任，适合，适于”，多用于否定句或疑问句。如：Li Ping is not up to his work.李平不能胜任他的工作。Do you think she is up to doing it alone?你认为她能独立完成这件事吗？ be up to表示“及得上，比得上”。如：The new book of Mr. Smith is not up to his last.史密斯先生的这本新书不及他写的前一本好。2. 1) just: 刚刚，用于现在完成时，位于助动词后，实义动词前。The train has just left. 2) just now = a moment ago 刚才，常与一般过去时连用，位于句末。I saw an old friend just now.3. yet: 1) 用于现在完成时的疑问句中，位于句末，意为“已经”。 Have you finished your homework yet? 2) 用于现在完成时的否定句中，位于句末，意为“还没有”，notyet I have not seen the film yet. 我还没看过这部电影。 already:已经，用于现在完成时的肯定句中，位于助动词has / have后,有时位于句末。 I have already finished my homework. I have seen the film already.4.Have you heard the latest news? 你听说过这个最新消息吗？latest adj.最近的；最新的 常放在名词前作定语。The news is all about the latest meeting.这条消息是关于最近的会议的。latest也可作副词, 意为“最迟地；最近地” 。She got up latest this morning. 她今天早上起床起得最晚。5. Thats why: 那就是的原因 why在此引导的是表语从句。 My bike was broken. Thats why I was late for school.6. discover: 发现本已存在的客观事物、科学上的新发现。 Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。7. 1) no one = nobody 没有人, 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，只指人，不能指物。 No one likes this kind o