工程施工&门窗英语术语-大全.doc

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目录content 建筑architecture 土木工程civil engineering 建筑知识building knowledge 建筑工地building site 建筑机械building machinery 结构构件structural elements 下部结构substructure 上部结构superstructure 混凝土工程concrete work 钢筋reinforcement 模板工程formwork 砖石工程brickwork 钢与金属结构工程steel-and metalwork 木作工程timberwork 屋面管道及饰面roofs、plumbing and finishes alphabetical index of 建筑技术名词索引technical terms in construction 建筑architecture 房屋建筑structural architecture 室内建筑interior architecture 园林建筑landscape architecture 环境建筑environmental architecture 建筑物的一些类型some types of building 住宅house home dwelling 错层式住宅split—level house 坡地住宅stepped hillside house 半独立式住宅semi—detached home 联列式住宅区terrace—house development 别墅bungalow cottage 公寓flat apartment 单身公寓bachelor 棚屋shack shanty shed hut 娱乐中心recreation center 室内游泳池indoor swimming pool 多层建筑multi-storey block 高层建筑high—rise block 商业建筑business premises 建筑师承担以下工作an architect renders the followingservices 设计design 初步设计preliminary design 施工设计final design 草图sketch 图纸drawing 钢筋混凝土梁设计design of a reinforcedconcrete beam 质量管理supervision 现场质量管理site supervision 工程质量管理project supervision 预算师quantity surveyors 预算师的工作a quantity surveyor’s service are 概预算estimates 确定工作量determination of quantities 编制工程量表preparation of bills of quantities 组织投标request for tenders(quotations、bids）签订合同award of contracts 结算accounting 设计工作一览表list of planning work performed by 由建筑师承担的工作the architect 方案草图preliminary sketch 初步设计preliminary design 位置图key plan、block plan 总体规划图master plan 总图general layout 详图设计detail design 施工图working design 详图detail drawing 预留孔洞图recess drawing 现场质量管理site supervision 验收final approval 进度表time schedule 由结构工程是承担的工作the engineer 静力计算static calculation 模板图formwork drawing 配筋图reinforcement drawing 由预算师承担的工作the quantity surveyor 工程量表bills of quantities 组织投标calling for tenders 合同contracts 付款程序payment schedule 由顾问承担的工作the consultant 可行性研究feasibility study expert's opinion 专家意见expert's survey expert’s report 建筑名词architectural terms 未完工建筑unfinished building 建筑系数coverage 建筑占地面积covered area 建筑体积cubage、cubical content 居住面积living area 商业面积commercial area 住宅区residential area 住宅区方案housing scheme 住宅小区housing colony 创建工程turn－key project 工业区industrial area 工业发展区industrial development 建筑造价building costs 分期付款progress payment 末次付款final payment 图纸drawing 、plan 绘制图纸to prepare a drawing 平面图plan 局部平面图part plan 索引图key plan 布置图layout 北立面图north elevation 剖面图cross section 、transversal section 纵剖图longitudinal section 视图view 全景图panoramic view 轴测图isometric view 鸟瞰图bird’s—eye view 仰视图worm’s—eye view 透视图perspective view 图签caption of a drawing 图名subject 工程项目project 图号drawing number 比例scale 日期date 制图drawing by 校对checked 审核approved by 修改revision 更正correction 详图及施工图detail & working drawing 方案设计及地形测量图scheme designs ＆ land surveyors drawings 不按比例n。t。s（not to scale）吋的分尺寸通常用分数表示parts of an inch are usually given in fractions 常用分数use these fractions 避免用avoid 绘图to draw 制图to draught 制图员draughtsman 描图to trace 做草图to sketch 图例legend 打斜线hatched 涂黑smudged 虚线(点线)dotted broken line 虚线(划线）intermittent gestrichelt 修改revision 变更alteration 检查、补充survey 建议proposal 设计的布置图proposed layout 参考reference 参考图reference drawing 图注notes on drawings 本图应与号图配合使用this drawing is to be read in conjunction with drg。no. 所有尺寸均应现场测定all measures（dimensions)are to be taken（checked）on site 任何问题均应与建筑师协商解决any queries to be clarified with the architect 网格grid 网格线grid line 中心线、轴线centre line 各种修改various revisions 修正revised 改变changed 调整adjusted 删除deleted 变更altered 由代替superseded by 合并incorporated 增加added 引用introduced 定位located 绘图纸drawing papers 描图纸tracing papers 蓝图copies of drawings 优质绘图纸cartridge paper or Bristol board 房间a room 壁炉fireplace 烟囱chimney 顶棚ceiling 墙wall 地面floor 见详图seedetail 砖墙brick wall 墙面砖wall tile 凹圆踢脚coved skirting 地面砖floor tile 钢筋混凝土楼板reinforced concrete slae 顶棚板ceiling board 壁纸wall paper 抹会打底plaster rendering 护墙板wall panel 木踢脚板timber skirting 木地板timber flooring 抹会顶棚plaster ceiling 墙角线条cornice 抹灰墙面plastered wall 建筑物a building 层storey 多层建筑multi—storey building 建筑场地building site 屋面roof 屋面坡度roof pitch 阁楼attic 阳台balcony 窗心墙parapet 二层first floor 底层ground floor 地下室basement 雨棚canopy 上部结构super-structure 栅栏fence 下部结构sub—structure 基础foundations 下层地下室sub-basement 上层super floor 下层lower floor 夹层mezzanine floor 私人住宅a private home 边界线boundary 草坪llawn 起居室living room 书房study 餐室dining room 厨房kitchen 备餐室pantry 洗衣间laundry 后院back yard 厕所toilet 、wc 走道passage 门厅hall 入口entrance 覆盖面积covered area 过道through－pass 工作间workshop 杂物间utility 汽车棚carport 室外起居平台outdoor living area 游泳池swimming pool 平台terrace 工具间utensil room 凹室alcove 化妆室dressing room 浴室bathroom 淋浴shower 单人卧室single bedroom 双人卧室double bedroom 阳台balcony 凉廊loggia 阁楼attic 地窖cellar 储藏室store room 蒸汽浴室sauna 管道间utility distribution 酒吧间basement bar 煤仓bunker 办公楼层an office floor 薄计室bookkeeping 档案室filing 秘书室secretary 行政办公室administration 打字室typist 经理办公室manager’s office 接待室reception 门厅lobby 电梯lifts 交换台switchboard 电传打字机室telex-room 会议室conference room 主要办公室main office 办公小间office cubicles 工地负责人办公室site supervisor’s office 茶点厨房teakitchen 复印间printing room 安全出口fire escape 男厕所men’s toilet 女厕所women's toilet 衣帽间cloar room 样品储藏间store for samples 办公室负责人office supervisor 建筑设计部门architectural department 工业建筑industrial building 工厂factory、mill、works、plant 汽车厂car factory 造纸厂paper mill 印刷厂printing works 水泥厂cement plant 厂房room、hangar 吊车跨crane bay 机器间machine room 纺纱间spinning room 锯齿形房屋结构sawtooth roof structure 生产跨production bays 将来扩建future extension 已建existing 拟建proposed 预留future 夹层mezzanine floor 走道aisle 货架stack 提升叉车fork lift truck 主体建筑main building 辅助建筑附属建筑auxiliary building 行政管理处administration 厂部办公室head office 门卫室gate keeper’s office 原材料仓库raw material store 石棉碾磨asbestos milling 准备区preparation bays 生产区production bays 堆料区stacking bays 成型工段moulding department 卡车装车处lorry loading 火车装车处railway loading 模型堆场moulds stockyard 烟囱chimney 锅炉房boiler house 蓄水池water reservoir 电力、上下水等管线services for power、water etc 变电站substation 沉淀池settling tanks 废料回收hard waste recovery 废料堆放场hard waste dump 修理间workshops 备品库accessories store 食堂canteen 卫生所sanitary building 生活间welfare building 修理间堆场workshop storage area 成型产品moulded products 仓库covered storage area 堆场open storage area 发货处dispatch control 铁路专用线railway siding 土木工程civil engineering 土木工程civil engineering 房屋及建筑house and building 塔及多层建筑tower and multi-storey blocks 各种结构structures of all kinds 建设工程construction engineering 桥梁及旱桥bridges and viaducts 隧道及铁路tunnels and railway 挡土墙retaining walls 道路及机场roads and airfields 结构理论theory of structures 结构理论theory of structures 解析几何analytic geometry 投影几何sciagraphy 数学mathematics 计算尺slide rule 结构分析structural analysis 静力static forces 结构设计structural design 数学计算过程mathematical proceedings 静定statically determined 超静定statically undetermined 分析analysis 分配distribution 分解decomposition 决定determination 方程式equation 比例ratio 几何geometry 水平horizontal 垂直vertical 倾斜inclined 空间space 点point 项term 线line 位置locality 弦chord 切线tangent 平面plane 面积area 容积content volume 圆circle 正方形square 矩形rectangle 梯形trapezium 三角形triangle 等角symmetrically angled 直角right angled 斜角oblique 锐角acute angled 钝角obtuse angled 等腰isosceles 不等腰asosceles 等边with equal sides 不等边with unequal sides 立方体cube 圆柱体cylinder 圆椎体cone 棱柱体pyramid 材料性能properties of material 尺寸size 面积area 断面面积sectional area 重心center of gravity 重量weight 容重density 比重specific gravity 强度strength solidity 柔性flexibility 坚固性consistency 抵抗矩section modulus 惯性矩moment of inertia 回转半径radius of gyration 弹性模量modulus of elasticity 静力名词static terms 应力stress 力矩moment 弯矩bending moment 剪力shearing force 承压力bearing pressure 强度strength 荷载种类types of loads 设计荷载design load 允许荷载permissible load 实际荷载actual load 恒载dead load 活荷载live load 外加荷载imposed load 风荷载wind load 雪荷载snow load 检修荷载repair load 轮压wheel pressure 重要外加荷载important imposed loads 集中荷载point load、single load、concentrated load 均布荷载uniformly distributed load 线性荷载line load 三角形荷载triangular load 块状荷载block load 递增荷载,在一定频率时增加的荷载swelling load，load increasing with a certainfrequency 附加荷载superimposed load 力forces 荷载重量load、weight 平衡重counterweight 平衡equilibrium 压力pressure 拉力tension 吸力suction 摩擦力friction 冲击力impact 扭力torsion 粘结力bond 剪力shear 推力thrust 压力compression 纵向压力longitudinal compression 力的作用application of force 中心centrally 偏心eccentrical 纵向轴力longitudinal axial force 跨度spans 净宽clear width 净空clearance 跨度span 有效高度effective height 细长度slenderness 全长overall length 悬臂长度length of cantilever 支座supports 自由支座free supports 嵌固长度length of restraint 固端fixed end restraint 拱座桥台abutment 变形deformations 弯曲bending flexion 挠度deflection 双向挠曲deflection in two directions 伸展expansion dilatation 收缩contraction 膨胀swelling 纵向弯曲buckling 受弯压曲flexural 稳定性stabilities 抗倒塌稳定性stability against collapse 抗倾覆稳定性stability against tilting 抗滑移稳定性stability against sliding 建筑知识building knowledge 组织关系organization scheme 建筑物业主building owner、promoter、client 建筑师architect 土木工程师civil engineer 预算师quantity surveyor 总包main contractor 分包subcontractors 工长foreman 技工qualified man 、skilled man 、journeyman 普工unqualified man 、unskilled man 建筑技术工人building craftsmen 、building artisans 瓦工bricklayer 石工mason 混凝土concrete worker 钢筋工rod bender、rod fixer 抹灰工plasterer 木工carpenter 白铁工sheetmetal worker、tin smith 管工plumber 电工electrician 铁匠smith 、locksmith 细木工joiner 五金安装工ironmonger 玻璃工glazier 贴砖工tiler 铺地工floor layer 油漆工painter 裱糊工paperhanger 建筑工程building work 挖土工程excavation work 混凝土工程concrete work 模板工程form work、shuttering work、boxing work 钢筋工程reinforcing work 木工工程carpentry work 白铁工程sheetmetal work 屋面铺瓦工程roof tiling work 防水工程water proofing work 管道工程plumbing work 隔热保温工程insulating work 电气安装electrical installation 锻铁工程blacksmith work 抹灰工程plaster work、rendering work 细木工程joinery work 五金安装工程ironmongery work 玻璃安装工程glazing work 贴砖工程tiling work 水磨石工程terrazzo work 地面铺设工程floor laying work 油漆工程painting work 裱糊工程wallpapering work 建筑材料building materials 石灰lime 水泥cement 石膏gypsum 熟石膏plaster of paris 砂sand 砾石gravel、stone 砖brick 空心砌块hollow block 木材timber 低碳钢、软钢mild steel 瓦roofing tile 油毡roofing felt 钢筋reinforcing 钢管steel pipe 隔热保温材料insulation material 油灰胶泥putty 、mastic 面砖石板tile、slate 涂料（指一般油漆)paint 壁纸wallpaper 标高levels 基准标高datum elevation 板面、梁面等无面层的结构面标高top of slab、top of beam、etc level lf structure without finish 面层顶面,有面层的结构面标高top of finish、level of structure with finish 楼地面标高finished floor level 二层楼板标高floor slab 板底标高soffit 顶面标高top level 底面标高bottom level 缝joins 原浆勾缝jointed 平缝butt joint 凹缝open joint V型缝splayed joint 伸缩缝expansion joint 密封条sealing strip fugenband 突出protruding projecting 平齐flush bundig 凹进recessed 切口rebate rabbet 榫槽groove 直榫tongue 企口连接tongued and grooved 壁凹与孔洞recesses and openings 洞口opening 墙洞wall opening 开通的open throughout 楼板洞floor opening 壁凹recess 不开通的not open throughout 凹口pocket 洞孔mortice、mortise 预留栏杆洞form mortices for balusters 暗线槽conduit 地沟duct 沟槽channel 墙槽wall conduit 凹槽groove 地槽floor duct 直线与斜线straight and skew 平的plane 斜的skew 直的straight 锥形的tapered 斜坡slope 作出坡度laid to falls 炉渣混凝土breeze concrete 圆阴角coving 圆阳角arris rounded 倒角splay 一个波段a corrugation 波峰top of corrugation 波谷valley of corrugation 技术名词缩写some technicalabbreviations 钢筋混凝土R。C.reinforced concrete 预制混凝土P。C.C. precast concrete 低碳钢M.S。 mild steel 镀锌铁皮G。I.galvanized iron 铸铁C。I. cast iron 石棉水泥A.C.asbestos cement 交流电A。C。alternating current 直流电D.C。 direct current 三相电 three phase current 总长O/Aoveralllength 中至中CC’S from center to center 剖面通过SEC’THRO’sectionthrough 概述general 地点stand 基址plot 地产estate 场地site 吊装erection 建筑物的吊装erection of a building 机器安装installation of a machine 厂房建成implementation of a plant 拆毁damages 倒塌collapse 倾覆tilting 裂缝crack 发霉mould、fungus 泛碱efflorescence 蒙灰及烟熏dust and soot 翘曲warp 杂项sundries 竣工wrought wrot 锻造beim schmied 细木做beim schreiner 粗木作beim Zimmermann 上梁宴请，封顶仪式topping-out ceremony roof wetting party 防护proof 防水water proof 防湿moisture proof 防潮damp proof 防蒸汽steam proof 防水汽vapour proof 气密air-tight 防虫vermin proof 隔声sound proof 其他miscellaneous 界限margin 旁注marginal notes 层ply 二层two ply 三层three—ply 可移动的可拆卸的removable demountable 格珊grating 颗粒分级grading 样板template gauge 小间cubicle booth 厕所间toilet cubicle 出纳间teller’s booth 电话间telephone box 小册子pamphlet 散叶leaflet 说明书prospectus 安装说明fixing instructions 建筑工地building site 工地测量survey of site 工地抄平leveling of site 基准横档sight rail 龙门板batter board 建筑用水准仪builder’s level 经纬仪theodolite 钉龙门板pegging of batter boards 准线wire 木桩peg 建筑工作building operations 现场管理site supervision 工地设施site installations 施工道路site road builder’road 临时接水temporary water connection 储仓筒仓storage bin、silo 工地办公室site office 工房barracks 工地食堂site canteen 工地试验室field laboratory 工地清理site clean—up job clean—up 建筑机械building machinery 落锤drop hammer 履带式装载机crawler—loader 铲shovel 挖掘机excavator shovel 动力铲power shovel 起重臂boom jib 戽斗bucket 履带caterpillar track 反铲backacting shovel 挖泥机dredger 抓斗grab grabbing bucket 混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌厂concrete plant 泵pump 离心泵centrifugal pump 喷浆机guniting machine 压路机roller 起重机cranes 旋转塔式起重机rotating tower crane 悬臂式起重机saddle jib crane 动臂式起重机swing jib crane 配重counter—weight 起重机行走架crane—carrier 起重滑车hoist block 卷扬机hoist 起重小车trolley 脚手架scaffolding 压缩机compressor 混凝土振动器concrete vibrator 风钻pneumatic drill 风动锤pneumatic hammer 电锤electric hammer 抹灰机plastering machine 发动机engine 电动机motor 结构构件structural elements 结构构件structural elements 上部结构super—structre 柱column 楼梯stairs 离心窗parapet 楼板slab 梁beam 外墙external wall 室外地面ground level 防潮层DPC 防潮层面DPC level 墙基plinth 地沟duct 基础footing 下部结构sub—structure 地面、地形ground、terrain 平地flat ground 地面斜坡slope of ground 自然地面natural ground 自然土natural soil 原土original soil 填土filled soil 堤坡embankment 几种土壤some type of soil 植物质vegetable matter 腐根dead roots 表土topsoil 耕土gardening soil 下层土subsoil 石砾石stone、gravel 漂石boulders 粘土clay 软质岩石soft rock 硬质岩石hard rock 含有漂石的一般土壤common ground interspersed 挖土excavation 土方工程earthworks 清理场地的灌木、树丛、杂草及所有植物质clearance of site of shrubs、bushes、grass &all vegetable matter 槽trench 沟ditch 槽为垂直边帮a trench has vertical sides 沟为倾斜边坡a ditch has sloping sides 挖出的土excavated material 余土surplus material 地面水surface water 明沟channel 挡土板planking 地下水位level of ground water 地下水ground water、subsoil water 斜撑bracing 横撑strutting 排水water removal 找平drainage 基础foundation 基础footing 基座base 墙基wall footing 基础底板foundation slab 设备基础machine base 楼板floor slab 带形基础strip foundation 联

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