2021高考英语天津市(三月)阅读、完形填空自练(2)答案.docx

2021高考英语天津市（三月）阅读、完形填空自练（2）答案

阅读理解
(2022·鹰潭市高三其次次模拟考试)
There are many older people in the world and there will be many more.A lime­known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries.According to the World Health Organization，by 2022 there will be 1 billion，with over 700 million living in developing countries.
It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries.For example，it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent.It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.
What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk？One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live，the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability.Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible，including during old age，to lessen the financial burden on the state.
Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.In some African countries，certainly in Asia，older people are respected and regarded as the ones with special knowledge.Yet traditions are fading away daily，which does not ensure the continued high regard of older people.As society changes，attitudes will change.
Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination (卑视) in employment.Life­long learning programs need to be provided to enable older people to be active members in a country’s development.
Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people.Both public and private schemes are vital in order to build a suitable safety net.
To achieve equality in such matters will take considerable time and effort.One thing is sure：there is no time to be lost.
1．The proportion of older people________.
A．is bigger in developed countries than in developing countries
B．is one­seventh of the population in developing countries
C．will increase much faster in China than in France
D．will be sixty percent in developing countries by 2022
2. According to the passage，which of the following are governments most worried about?
A．The diseases and disability of older people.
B．The longer life and good health of people.
C．The loss of taxes on older people.
D．The increasing respect for older people.
3．It is stated directly in the passage that older people should________.
A．be treated differently in different cultures
B．enjoy a similar lifestyle
C．be ignored as society changes
D．be valued by the younger generations
4．Which of the following measures is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?
A．Getting rid of age discrimination in employment.
B．Ensuring adequate income protection for older people.
C．Providing free health care for sick older people.
D．Supplying life­long learning programs to older people.
5．The author concludes in the last paragraph that________.
A．governments have spent lots of time in solving the ageing problem
B．population ageing is a hard problem，but it needs to be solved urgently
C．people are too busy to solve the population ageing problem
D．much time and effort will be lost in solving the ageing problem

语篇解读　本文为一篇说明文。老年人口的比例在进展中国家猛增，这无疑会带来很多问题，尽管这一问题很麻烦，但解决这一问题势在必行、刻不容缓。
1．解析：　推理推断题。依据文章其次段内容可知，在法国，115年里老年人口的比例从7%增长到了14%，而在中国仅仅用于23年的时间就达到了这个增长幅度。因此可推知，将来中国老龄人口比例的增长速度要比法国快得多。
答案：　C
2．解析：　细节理解题。依据第三段其次句“One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live，the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability.”可知，政府担忧，人们活的寿命越长，人们的健康压力会越大。
答案：　A
3．解析：　细节理解题。依据第四段第一句“Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations...society.”可知，年轻人应当理解和敬重老年人，D项为文章中直接陈述的观点。
答案：　D
4．解析：　细节理解题。依据倒数第三段第一句可知，A项表述正确；依据倒数其次段第一句可知，B项表述正确；依据倒数第三段其次句可知，D项表述正确。
答案：　C
5．解析：　段落大意题。依据最终一段中“there is no time to be lost”可知，作者认为，尽管人口老龄化这一问题很麻烦，但解决它已经是刻不容缓了。
答案：　B

阅读理解。
【来自高考湖北卷】
Feeling blue about the world ? “Cheer up，” says science writer Matt Ridley.“The world has never been a better place to live in，and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”
Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational，because he's carefully weighed the evidence optimistic，because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he's set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book The Rational Optimist. He views mankind as a grand enterprise that，on the whole，has done little but progress for 100, 000 years.He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.
Here's how he explains his views.
1)Shopping fuels invention
It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone.Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty，our own generation has access to more nutritious food，more convenient transport，bigger houses，better cars，and of course，more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us .This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things.The more we specialize and exchange，the better off we'll be.
2) Brilliant advances
One reason we are richer，healthier，taller，cleverer，longer­lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food，clothing，fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.Take one example.In 1800 a candle providing one hour's light cost six hours' work.In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes' work to pay for.In 1950 it was eight seconds.Today it's half second.
3) Let's not kill ourselves for climate change
Mitigating(减轻) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself.A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village，where the use of fassil­fuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well­meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world，is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change.If climaic change proves to be mild，but cutting carbon causes real pain，we may well find that we have stopped a nose­bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血带) around our necks.
人类的进步是无法阻挡的，是令人乐观。在《理性的乐观主义者》一书中，作者阐述了自己对于生活中的乐观现象，并且对于购物这样一般的日常行为所带来的乐观影响都做了详尽的分析和描述。
1．What is the theme of Ridley's most recent book?
A．Weakness of human nature. B．Concern about climate change.
C．Importance of practical thinking. D．Optimism about human progress.
答案：D。理解推断题。从其次段的前两句话中，反复提到一个关键词“optimistic”以及信息句“because that evidence shows...”；另外，“this is what he's set out to prove...”一句也正好清楚的表明白作者在本书中所以阐述的正是这个话题，正是与选项D的说法是全都的，即：人类的进步总是不行避开的。
2．How does Ridley look at shopping?
A．It encourages the creation of things. B．It results in shortage of goods.
C．It demands more fossil fuels. D．It causes a poverty problem.
答案：A。细节推断题。从“Shopping fuels invention”一段正是反映了Ridley的观点：购物能够激发制造制造。选项A与之相吻合。
3．The candle and lamp example is used to show that ________.
A．oil lamps give off more light than candles
B．shortening working time brings about a happier life
C．advanced technology helps to produce better candles
D．increased production rate leads to lower cost of goods
答案：D。细节推断题。依据Brilliant advances 一段中的“Take one example”一句很明显的确定为：作者拿蜡烛与灯的比较与变化正是为了前面他所提到的看法，故与选项D的说法是全都的。
4．What does the last sentence of the passage imply?
A．Cutting carbon is necessary in spite of the huge cost.
B．Overreaction to climate change may be dangerous.
C．People's health is closely related to climate change.
D．Careless medical treatment may cause great pain.
答案：B。推理推断题。依据最终一句话中的“cutting carbon causes real pain”可以排解选项A与C的说法，由于它们大相径庭；而依据“putting... around our necks”一句可以表明选项D中“careless”一词运用不当，是不符合语境的。故只有选项B是最正确的。

【2022高考英语江西省红色六校其次次联考】
完形填空。阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
A little part of me thought about going to another checkout line．This one had the shortest 36 ，there was only one guy in it，but he was in a 37 and there seemed to be some difficulties 38．
We stepped in behind him．At first, he 39 to be having difficulty getting his groceries onto the counter．But after a while，I realized that what he was actually doing was 40 it into two parts．
I offered to help，but he and the checkout lady had it under 41 ．He asked Julie if she would mind putting his 42 basket away．Then he 43 for his wallet which was in a bag on one side of his chair．The 44 he was positioned and the fact he only had one usable arm 45 this troublesome for him，so I helped there．
The checkout operator came around and gave him his 46 and the goods he needed to have to hand．She 47 one bag of groceries over a handle at the back of his chair．
I offered to get the other bigger bag and he said，“No．48 you could do me a favor．Take that bag along to the entrance and give it to Angela．"
Angela，it 49，was collecting food for people who might 50 go hungry! I hadn’t even 51 her before.
This guy，in spite of the limitations，had bought more than twice as 52 shopping as he needed—and given the bigger bag away to help 53 people!
He didn’t let the fact that he needed help 54 him from being a help．He may have been limited 55，but his heart was more than able to overcome all that．
36．A figure B．space C．queue D．time
37．A．supermarket B．wheelchair C．helmet D．uniform
38．A．going on B．holding on C．paying off D．setting down
39．A．happened B．used C．seemed D．pretended
40．A．selecting B．wrapping C．handing D．separating
41．A．charge B．control C．improvement D．settlement
42．A．empty B．heavy C．large D．broken
43．A．felt B．in search of C．seized D．reached
44．A．spot B．direction C．distance D．way
45．A．caught B．carried C．made D．solved
46．A．basket B．bag C．wallet D．change
47．A．arranged B．hung C．loaded D．connected
48．A．And B．But C．So D．Or
49．A．turned out B．found out C．pointed out D．put out
50．A．already B．always C．otherwise D．fairly
51．A．noticed B．known C．understood D．greeted
52．A．many B．much C．few D．little
53．A．wealthy B．ordinary C．other D．normal
54．A．stop B．require C．lead D．persuade
55．A．financially B．morally C．mentally D．physically
【参考答案】CBACD BADDC DBBAC ABCAD