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Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart.
“I have two kids in college, and I want to say ‘come home,’ but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.
The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school.
With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around.
At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family income rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade,
“If we go on this way for another 25years, we won’t have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They will send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.”
Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.
1. According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?
A. The twins wasted too much money. B. The father was out of work.
C. Their saving ran out. D. The family fell apart.
2. How did the Jacobs manage to solve their problem?
A. They asked their kids to come home.
B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school.
C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.
D. They got help from the school and the federal government.
3. Financial aid administrators believe that _______.
A. more families will face the same problem as the Jacobses
B. the government will receive more letters of complaint
C. college tuition fees will double soon
D. America’s unemployment will fall
4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?
A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.
B. Their income remained steady in the last decade.
C. They will try their best to send kids to college.
D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.
5.According to the last paragraph, the government will .
A. provide most students will scholarships
B. dismiss some financial aid administrators
C. stop the companies from making student loans
D. go on providing financial support for college students
【文章大意】这是一篇关于学费贷款的文章。
【参考答案】1---5、BDACD
完型填空。阅读下面短文，把握其大意，然后从以下题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。[说明文型完形填空]
For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work, they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a neverending flood of words. In __1__ a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend __2__ can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are __3__ readers. Most of us develop poor reading __4__ at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency __5__ in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have __6__ meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. __7__， however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to __8__ words or passages. The tendency to look back over what you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which __9__ down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as one reads.
To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an __10__， which moves a bar (or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate __11__ the reader finds comfortable, in order to “stretch” him.The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, __12__ wordbyword reading, regression and subvocalization, practically impossible. At first comprehension is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, __13__ your comprehension will improve. Many people have found their reading skill drastically improved after some training. __14__ Charlce Au, a business manager, for instance, his reading rate was a reasonably good 172 words a minute before the training, now it is an excellent 1，378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can __15__ a lot more reading material in a short period of time.
1. A．applying B．doing
C．offering D．getting
2. A．quickly B．easily
C．roughly D．decidedly
3. A．good B．curious
C．poor D．urgent
4. A．trainings B．habits
C．situations D．customs
5. A．lies B．combines
C．touches D．involves
6. A．some B．a lot of
C．little D．dull
7. A．Fortunately B．Actually
C．Logically D．Unfortunately
8. A．reuse B．reread
C．rewrite D．recite
9. A．scales B．cuts
C．slows D．measures
10. A．accelerator B．actor
C．amplifier D．observer
11. A．then B．as
C．beyond D．than
12. A．enabling B．leading
C．making D．indicating
13. A．but B．nor
C．or D．for
14. A．Treat B．Take
C．Make D．Consider
15. A．refer to B．go over
C．set about D．get through
C
【要点综述】 阅读原来是一个愉悦身心的活动，但是劳碌的工作使人们远离了阅读所带来的乐趣。本文就如何开展有效的快速阅读进行了简洁的说明。
1．D 本句意思是“假如想谋得一份差事”。apply需加for，意思是“申请”；do做； offer供应。此三项均不符合题意，只有get(获得)适合。
2．A 本句意为“快速阅读与理解的力气，是关系到成败的关键所在”。只有quickly与原意吻合。easily简洁地；roughly 粗略地； decidedly坚决地。
3．C 由下文“Most of us develop poor reading…”可知此处选poor。其他选项不妥。
4．B 此处的意思是“大多数人早期养成不良的读书习惯”。因此选habit“习惯”。training 训练，培训；situation形势；custom风俗习惯。
5．A 此处说的是“主要的困难在于语言的自身要素，即单词”。combine联合；touch接触；involve包括。这三项的词义与原文不符。而lie与in构成搭配，意为“在于”。
6．C 这里的意思是“假如单个地看这些词，它们并没有什么意义”。some一些，少量的；a lot of很多；dull单调的。此三项不合题意。只有little(很少)是否定词，合乎规律。
7．D 此句指“作者对未受过阅读训练的人的不良习惯感到圆满”。fortunately幸运地；actually事实上；logically合乎规律地。unfortunately(不幸地)合乎句意。
8．B 此处意思为“在阅读时经常重读(反复读)”。因此，选reread“重读”。reuse再使用；rewrite改写；recite背诵。
9．C scale down按比例削减；cut down削减。此两项不合题意。 measures不能与down搭配。只有slow down“放慢”能否与后面的speed搭配。
10．A 依据上文可知，训练快速阅读所使用的工具必定与提高阅读速度有关，因此选accelerator (快读器)。actor演员；amplifier放大器；observer观看者。
11．D 前面的faster打算了此处应当选than，构成比较级。
12．C 此句意为“快速阅读器迫使你加快阅读速度，使你再也不能逐字阅读，回顾前文内容或者默读。”enable相当于make possible；lead引导；indicate指出，表明。都不合题意。只有make (使得)最合适。
13．A 与前半句中的not only相呼应，构成句式not only…but…“不仅……而且……”，只能选but，而nor、or或for均不能与前面的not only搭配。
14．B take与后面的for instance构成短语，意为“以……为例”，其他三项不能与for instance构成搭配。
15．D 此处意为“在较短时间内，读完众多的材料”。refer to参考；go over复习；set about着手做。此三项均不合题意；只有get through “完成”最恰当。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2021·陕西，C)
According to sociologists(社会学家), every modern industrial society has some form of social stratification(阶层). Class, power and status are important in deciding people's rank in society.
Class means a person's economic position in society. A commonly used classification is lower class, middle class and upper class. While sociologists disagree on how these terms should be exactly defined, they do describe societies like the United States quite well. One study shows that 53% of Americans belong to the lower class, 46% the middle class, and 1% the upper class. Interestingly, a surgeon earning $500,000 a year and a bus driver earning $50,000 a year both regard themselves as the middle class!
Power refers to the amount of control a person has over other people. Obviously, people in positions of great power (such as governors) exercise(行使)big power, but people who take orders from others have less power. Power and class do not always go hand in hand, however. For example, the governor of a state has great power, but he or she may not belong to a corresponding (相应的)economic class. Generally, however, there is a relationship between power and class. To our knowledge, there aren't too many people who aren't millionaires in the U．S. Senate!
Status is the honor or respect attached to a person's position in society. It can also be affected by power and class, but not necessarily so. For example, a university professor may have a high status but not belong to a high social class or have a lot of power over others.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，阐明白阶级、权力、地位的定义以及三者之间的关系。
13．What can we learn about “the middle class” from Paragraph 2?
A．People earning $50,000 a year belong to the middle class.
B．Nearly half Americans belong to the middle class.
C．People generally consider bus drivers as the middle class.
D．Sociologists have a clear definition of the middle class.
答案：B 细节理解题。由其次段第四句话可知美国中产阶级占46%，差不多一半，故B项正确。由第五句话“好玩的是年收入五十万美元的外科医生和五万美元的公交车司机都自认为是中产阶级”，是“自认为”，所以AC项都不对。由第三句话可知D项错误。
14．According to the text, we know that ________.
A．power and class do not always correspond with each other
B．status refers to a person's economic position in society
C．people with high status have a lot of control over others
D．class is less important in deciding a person's social rank
答案：A 细节理解题。由第三段第三句话Power and class do not always go hand in hand，可知A项正确。由第四段第一句话可知B项错误；由第四段最终一句话可知C项错误；由第一段其次句话可知D项错误。
15．Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?
答案：A 语篇结构题。第一段总体介绍阶级、权力、地位在确定一个人的社会等级方面都很重要，其次三四段分别说明白阶级、权力、和地位，接受了总分结构。故选A项。
阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
(2021·湖南，C)
It's such a happy looking library, painted yellow, decorated with palm tree stickers and sheltered from the Florida sun by its own roof. About the size of a microwave oven, it's pedestrian friendly, too, waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach Country Estates, along the northern boundary of Palm Beach Gardens.
It's a library built with love.
A year ago, shortly after Janey Henriksen saw a Brian Williams report about the Little Free Library organization, a Wisconsin based nonprofit that aims to promote literacy and build a sense of community in a neighborhood by making books freely available, she announced to her family of four, “That's what we're going to do for our spring break！”
Son Austin, now a 10th grader, didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox. But Janey insisted, and husband Peter unwillingly got to work. The 51 year old owner of a ship supply company modified a small wooden house that he'd built years earlier for daughter Abbie's toy horses, and made a door of glass.
After adding the library's final touches (装饰), the family hung a signboard on the front, instructing users to “take a book, return a book，” and making the Henriksen library, now one of several hundred like it nationwide and among more than 2,500 in the world, the only Little Free Library in Palm Beach County.
They stocked it with 20 or so books they'd already read, a mix of science fiction, reference titles, novels and kids' favorites. “I told them, keep in mind that you might not see it again，” said Janey, a stay at home mom.
Since then, the collection keeps replenishing (补充) itself, thanks to ongoing donations from borrowers. The library now gets an average of five visits a day.
The project's best payoff, says Peter, are the thank you notes left behind. “We had no idea in the beginning that it would be so popular.”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了Little Free Library这家图书馆的由来及其进展。
16．In what way is the library “pedestrian friendly”？
A．It owns a yellow roof.
B．It stands near a sidewalk.
C．It protects book lovers from the sun.
D．It uses palm tree stickers as decorations.
答案：B 细节理解题。文章第一段信息it's pedestrian friendly, too, waiting for book lovers next to a sidewalk in Palm Beach country Estates表明这家图书馆是便利到达的，他就在人行道一侧等待读书爱好者。
17．Janey got the idea to build a library from ________.
A．a visit to Brian Williams
B．a spring break with her family
C．a book sent by one of her neighbors
D．a report on a Wisconsin based organization
答案：D 细节理解题。Janey Henriksen读了Brian Williams关于Little Free Library organization(一个威斯康辛州的非盈利组织)的报告，该组旨在促进文学，通过在社区供应可得到的免费书籍，普及这项文学意识)的一篇报告后，对家人说那就是春假期间他们一家四口要做的事。D项正确。
18．The library was built ________.
A．by a ship supply company
B．on the basis of toy horses
C．like a mailbox
D．with glass
答案：C 细节理解题。第四段首句Son Austin, now a 10th grader, didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox.表明这个“图书馆”像个“邮箱”。
19．What can we infer about the signboard?
A．It was made by a user of the library.
B．It marked a final touch to the library.
C．It aimed at making the library last long.
D．It indicated the library was a family property.
答案：C 推理推断题。A它是由使用者建筑的图书馆；B那标志着对图书馆的最终装饰；C那是为了让图书馆连续下去；D那表明这家图书馆是家庭财产。结合第五段信息(尤其是instructing users to “take a book, return a book，” and making the Henriksen library)可知C项正确。
20．The passage tells us that the users ________.
A．donate books to the library
B．get paid to collect books for the library
C．receive thank you notes for using the library
D．visit the library over 5 times on average daily
答案：A 细节理解题。倒数其次段表明，多亏了来自借阅者们不断的图书捐赠，图书供应得以补充，因此现在图书馆平均每天有5次借阅量。
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