资源描述
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger (引发) this release，including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR, 近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.
The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb either ultraviolet (UV, 紫外线) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds (化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.
That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIRabsorbing group called onitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a soso NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.
So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive (易反应的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a lightabsorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.
1. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?
A. Temperature change. B. NIR light.
C. Acidity change. D. UV light.
2. Why is ONB unsatisfactory?
A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.
B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.
C. It has not come onto the market up till now.
D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.
3. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?
⇨⇨⇨
A. protected B. formed
C. exposed D. combined
【要点综述】这是一篇科技文。怎样使用胶囊？如何让吃药更加平安、疗效更好？文章对此做了介绍。
1. B 信息理解题。依据第一段最终一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining nearinfrared light (NIR，近红外线) on the drug in the capsule.”可知答案。
2. D 推理推断题。依据第三段最终两句“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown.”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知答案。
3. C 信息理解题。依据最终一段第五句“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains.”可知此处用exposed，即C项正确。
社会生活型阅读理解
For all the dinner table, a glass of milk seems to be a constant, at least it was when I was growing up.It was widely believed that milk was integral in building strong bones and teeth.There’s no doubt that dairy products(乳制品), and milk in particular, are high in protein and calcium, and most milk products are supplemented with Vitamin D and A.
While it’s well known that our bones need calcium, some studies suggest that high calcium intake doesn’t necessarily lower a person’s risk for fractures(骨折)．A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week.
There’s no doubt that we need calcium. Some antidairy supporters claim that dairy can lead to heart disease.Much of this claim is based on high fat and high dairy products, like cheeses and creams, which may indeed contribute to cardiovascular problems.Some studies have linked high milk intakes with a risk of prostate cancer; this seems to be caused by highfat dairy products, not dairy in general.
Although milk was always regarded as one of the most important things we need for our bones, yet least promoted, factors involved in strengthening bones.Perhaps we should think of dairy as less like a nutrient and more like a food.If you like it, eat it.If not, find
some_others.Because some claims may not be completely true. When I eat a cream, I’m not thinking about calcium, protein, or any such thing.I’m thinking delicious.
( )1.Which of the following is TRUE on the milk?
A．The more milk you drink, the more risk for fractures you might be.
B．The more milk you drink, the less risk for fractures you might be.
C．The less milk you drink, the less risk for fractures you might be.
D．There is no link between them.
( )2.Some antidairy supporters claim that dairy can lead to except________.
A．cardiovascular problems
B．heart disease
C．prostate cancer
D．stomach cancer
( )3.The underlined words “some others” in the last paragraph refer to________.
A．dairy products B．milk
C．food D．cream
( )4.What’s the author’s attitude towards milk?
A．He doesn’t like milk any more.
B．He used to drink milk as a child.
C．He regards milk as a nutrient.
D．He always cares about calcium, protein when he eats something.
( )5.We can learn from the text that________.
A．all the claims are not completely true
B．high milk intakes can lead to cancer
C．it’s necessary for you to reduce milk intakes
D．give up milk for your health
【解析】1．D 细节理解题。依据其次段的“A Harvard study found that people who drank two or more glasses of milk had no greater protection from breaking a bone than those who drank a glass or less a week.”可以推断出牛奶的饮用量和骨折之间没有必定的联系。
2．D 细节理解题。依据第三段的有关信息可以得知文中没有涉及胃病的问题。
3．C 推理推断题。依据最终一段“Perhaps we should think of dairy as less like a nutrient and more like a food. If you like it, eat it. If not，find some others.”可知作者的观点是假如宠爱就用，不宠爱就换其他的食品(物)。
4．B 推理推断题。依据第一段的“...at least it was when I was growing up”可以推断出作者在小时候是经常喝牛奶的。
5．A 推理推断题。由“Because some claims may not be completely true”可以得知并不是全部的声明都是完全正确的。由此可知选A。
阅读理解。
The small unframed painting called “Fisherman” was signed by a little-known Italian artist, Maveleone (1669-1740). When it was sold recently in New York for $27,000, the seller, Mr. Oliver Pitt, was asked to explain how the picture had come into his possession.
Pitt said, “I didn’t know it was so valuable. I’m not an art expert. Photography is my hobby. I bought ‘Fisherman’ in Italy in 1970 for $140. The picture was dirty, and I couldn’t see the artist’s signature. But anyway it wasn’t the picture that I liked. I bought it because of the frame. ”
“It’s a most unusual frame, made of tiny, silvery sea-shells. They are set in such a way that they reflect perfect light onto the surface of a picture. I now have a photograph of my wife in that frame, and I’ll never part with it.”
“When I returned to New York I showed the painting in its frame to a customs officer. I told him that I had paid $140 for it but admitted I didn’t know its actual worth. The customs man valued it at $140, and I was asked to pay duty on that value. I did so, there and then. ”
“Later, I took off the frame, and that uncovered Maveleone’s signature. My wife suggested in fun that the painting might be a valuable one, so I cleaned it and put it up for sale.”
As a result of this explanation, Oliver Pitt had to appear in court. He was accused of knowingly making a false statement of the value of a picture so as to cheat the Customs Department.
Pitt was not happy. “I told the truth as I knew it then,” he said, “What else could I say?”
And then the judge agreed with him. “The Customs Department is to be responsible,” he said, “for making a true valuation of goods brought into the country, so that the correct amount of duty may be charged. Mr. Pitt did not cause or try to cause the mistake that was made. He paid the duty that was demanded. If, now, the Customs Department finds that its valuation was not correct, it cannot be allowed to have another try. Pitt is not guilty”.
8. When Oliver Pitt bought the picture, ________.
A. it was unframed B. Maveleone signed the deal
C. he suggested that it was valuable D. it was the frame that attracted him
9. From the passage we can infer that if Maveleone had been a well-known artist, _.
A. the painting would have cost much more than $ 140
B. he wouldn’t have sold his painting
C. the customs officer wouldn’t have been cheated
D. Pitt wouldn’t have had the intention to buy any of his paintings
10. Pitt took off the frame probably in order to _.
A. clean the painting to put it up for sale
B. look for the artist’s signature
C. use it for his wife’s photograph
D. find the painting’s true value
11. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the story?
A. In the end Pitt was asked to pay the correct amount of duty.
B. In the end Pitt sold the frame of the painting at an even higher price.
C. In the end the Customs Department had no right to revalue the painting.
D. In the end Pitt’s wife was regarded as an expert because of her wise suggestion.
8—11、
阅读理解---------(D)
For the person keeping a journal, whatever he experiences and wants to hold he can write down. But to get it down on paper begins another adventure. For he has to focus on what he has experienced, and to be able to say what, in fact, the experience is. What of it is new? What of it is remarkable because of associations in the memory it stirs up? It is a good or bad thing to have happened? And why, specifically? The questions multiply (增多) themselves quickly. As one tries to find the words that best represent this discovery, the experience becomes even clearer in its shape and meaning.
Beyond the value of the journal as record, there is the value of the discipline it teaches. The journalist begins to pay closer attention to what happened to and around himself. He develops and sharpens his skills of observation. He learns the usefulness of languages as a means of representing what he sees, and gains skill and certainty in the expression of his experiences. To have given up one’s experience to words is to have begun marking out the limits and potential of its meaning. In the journal that meaning is developed and clarified (澄清、阐明) to oneself. When the intention of the development of that meaning is the consideration of another reader, the method of the journal redirects itself and it becomes the essay.
12. According to the author, keeping a journal is good for ________.
A. observation and expression
B. certainty and discipline
C. experience and adventure
D. consideration and development
13. By keeping a journal, one can ________.
A. develop the usefulness of language
B. develop his memory
C. clarify the consideration to everyone
D. have a thorough understanding of his experience
14. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
A. The journalist can express what has happened.
B. A journal can serve as a record of the past happening.
C. The journalist must be able to observe closely.
D. Writing helps develop the consideration of others.
15. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. how to write a journal
B. the expressions of a journal
C. the values of keeping a journal
D. how to solve the problems in a journal
12—15、
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