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阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。
体裁：记叙文 话题：学校生活 时间：6分钟
Would you want a doctor who got high marks in medical school just for trying hard? Apparently many college students would have no problem with that.They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.
The researchers asked over 800 undergraduates if they agreed or disagreed with some statements.For example：“If I have completed most of the reading for a class，I deserve a B in that course.”“A professor should not be annoyed with me if I receive an important call during class.”
Just 16% thought it was OK to take that phone call.But 66% agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades.And 40% thought they should get a B，the second highest mark，just because they did most of the reading for class.
Some experts aren't surprised that students often see no difference between effort and results.Social critics like to say that in children's activities these days，everyone gets an award just for trying，so no one will feel rejected.
Yet competition to get into the best colleges is fiercer than ever.Students may worry that low grades will keep them out of graduate school or a good job.
And there may be another explanation: pressure from parents to get a good return on the family's investment.These days, college can cost more than a house.
A former teaching assistant recently wrote to The New York Times about his experience with grade expectations.He would try to explain it this way when students asked for a top grade just for studying hard in chemistry class.
What if a baseball player came to spring training and worked harder than all the others，but still could not play well? Would the team accept him anyway，just because he tried so hard?
The students would say no.But most of them would still ask for an A.
【语篇导读】 很多高校生认为只要他们努力学习，就应当得到高的分数，但是专家认为，努力和结果不能等同。
1．What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．Whether students deserve high marks just for trying hard.
B．Whether students are allowed to answer calls in class.
C．How students can get a good grade in the course.
D．Why students put a lot of efforts in their studies.
解析 主旨大意题。依据全文内容尤其是第一段中的“They believe students are owed a good grade simply because they put a lot of effort into a class.”可知，文章主要争辩的是“付出努力是否应当得到高分”。
答案 A
2．According to the research，most of the students ______.
A．thought it was all right to answer the call during class
B．objected to deciding grades only by the quality of a student's work
C．thought they did most of the work for class and should get a B
D．agreed that they should be given top grades because of their hard work
解析 细节理解题。依据第三段的其次句“But 66% agreed that a professor should consider effort and not just the quality of a student's work when deciding grades.”可知，大多数的同学不同意教授只依据功课的质量来打算分数。
答案 B
3．From the sixth paragraph we can learn that ______.
A．it costs much more to build a college than to buy a house
B．the costs of studying at college are much more than staying at home
C．the costs of sending a child to college are much more than buying a house
D．it is difficult for parents to send a child to college
解析 细节理解题。依据第六段中的“These days，college can cost more than a house.”可知，如今供孩子上高校的费用比买房的费用还高。
答案 C
4．What does the former assistant want to tell students with the example of the baseball player?
A．Effort can lead to good results.
B．Effort is very necessary.
C．Effort and results are quite different.
D．No good results，effort is unnecessary.
解析 推理推断题。依据倒数其次段中的“Would the team accept him anyway，just because he tried so hard？”的反问来看，他想让同学知道“努力不等于好结果”。
答案 C
阅读理解 。
Recreational tree climbing is taking root in the ecotourism industry, and it's sending guys like Tim Kovar to far off reaches of the globe. Kovar, a tree-climbing instructor, recently returned to the U.S. from Brazil, where he spent time developing a tree-climbing operation thanks to the "slow travel" movement.
Slow travel, is like the slow food movement, the practice of giving fast food in favor of homegrown cooking—the kind that takes hours to prepare and enjoy. Likewise, slow travel urges visitors to experience a place's natural surroundings and learn about the ecology in a way not afforded by extreme games.
"Tree climbing is a slow activity," says Kovar. "It's not something you do quickly and then you're on to the next thing or event." There is no such thing as a quick climb, especially for beginners. This wasn't a race against the clock or the fellow climbers. In fact, tree climbing is unlikely to ever become a feature of the extreme games. Many climbers refuse competition. There has already been so much competition in the world.
"When you stand below the tree, it can be amazing," Rusel DeMaria says, looking affectionately up at Michael's Triumph, a 150-foot-tall tree. But reaching the treetop, he adds, is an entirely different feeling. Likewise, his wife, Viola Brumbaugh, kneels on the ground and asks Michael's Triumph for permission to climb. "It goes a lot smoother that way, "She says.
And climbing has been included into many educational programs. New Tribe offers guided climbs through its school, Tree Climbing Northwest, where "we teach enough tree biology and forest ecology to raise awareness in our students," says New Tribe present Sophis Sparks. "We know that the tree climbing experience deepens personal appreciation for trees. After climbing, people value trees more and are motivated to support preservation. This is not just to preserve their playground."
Perhaps that is why he struggles with the term "recreational tree climbing," saying, "I prefer to call it inspirational tree climbing."
16. What do slow travel and the slow food movement have in common?
A. They take people a long time. B. They are related to the eco-tourism industry.
C. They advocate protecting nature. D. They cost people little money
17 hat do we know about tree climbing from the passage?
A. People compete to see who can climb to the top first.
B. It favors the experience of enjoying nature.
C. It is a kind of extreme sport and needs a lot of effort.
D. People view it as a challenge to climb the tallest tree in a forest.
18 rumbaugh kneels on the ground before climbing trees to ___________________.
A. beg for the safety of climbing B. Expect to climb faster than her husband
C. Show respect for the tree D. ask for permission of her husband
19 Sophia Sparks prefers the term "inspirational tree climbing" because it ____________.
A. provide people with more chances to play outside
B. bring a lot of pleasure to life
C. Deepens personal love between each other
D. Makes people realize they should protect trees
20 What's the best title for the passage?
A. Tree-climbing travelling B. Slow travel movements
C. Dangers of climbing D. Respect for nature
D篇【解析】
爬树已经成为生态旅游的一种形式，它不但给人们带来了乐趣，而且还提高了人们保 护树木的意识。
A。细节理解题。依据其次段 … the kind that takes hours to prepare and enjoy可知，答案为A。
B。推理推断题。依据其次段Likewise, slow travel urges visitors to … not afforded by extreme games可推断，答案为B。
C。细节理解题。依据第四段 … Michael’s Triumph, a 150-foot tree和Viola Brumbaugh kneels on the ground and asks Michael’s Triumph for permission to climb可知，答案为C。
D。推理推断题。依据第五段After climbing, people value trees more and are motivated to support preservation可推断，答案为D。
A。主旨大意题。本文的主要内容为：爬树已经成为生态旅游的一种形式，它不但给人们带来了乐趣而且还提高了人们疼惜树木的意识，故答案为A。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A.B.C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Language learning begins with listening. Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners. Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak, though the word “obey” is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises. Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties.
It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can’t be said to show the baby’s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new words to their store. This self-imitation（仿照）leads on to deliberate（有意的）imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech. It is a problem we need to get out. The meaning of a word depends on what a particular person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world .Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother cannot be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other times for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes. Playful and meaningless imitation of what other people say continues after the child has begun to speak for himself, I doubt, however whether anything is gained when parents take advantage of this ability in an attempt to teach new sounds.
1. Before children start speaking________.
A. they need equal amount of listening B. they need different amounts of listening
C. they are all eager to cooperate with the adults by obeying spoken instructions
D. they can’t understand and obey the adult’s oral instructions
2. Children who start speaking late ________.
A. may have problems with their listening
B. probably do not hear enough language spoken around them
C. usually pay close attention to what they hear
D. often take a long time in learning to listen properly
3. A baby’s first noises are ________.
A. an expression of his moods and feelings
B. an early form of language
C. a sign that he means to tell you something
D. an imitation of the speech of adults
4. The problem of deciding at what point a baby’s imitations can be considered as speech________.
A. is important because words have different meanings for different people
B. is one that should be properly understood because the meaning of words changes with age
C. is not especially important because the changeover takes place gradually
D. is one that should be completely ignored because children’s use of words is often meaningless
5. The author implies________.
A. parents can never hope to teach their children new sounds
B. even after they have learnt to speak, children still enjoy imitating
C. children no longer imitate people after they begin to speak
D. children who are good at imitating learn new words more quickly
(A) 本文讲语言学习从听开头，听得越多，讲得越好。婴孩儿起初的声音不算语言，而是一种情感的表达。但从何时开头算语言并不重要，由于这个转变是个渐变过程。 孩子即使开头讲话，他们始终还是宠爱仿照。
B 细节题。由文章开头其次句可知。
D 细节题。由文章其次句中and later starters are often long listeners可知，开头讲话越晚，学听的时间就越长。
A 细节题。由第六句可知，作者认为这些noises不属于语言，是孩子情感的表达形式。
C 细节题。依据文章It is a problem we need to get out可知，作者认犯难以界定，没有特殊界线，属于自然过渡，是渐变过程。
B 推想推断题。由最终一句的前半句可以推断出，孩子始终宠爱仿照。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Taxi, the underground, driving…in London these means of transport are expensive. As a student on a budget, I couldn't afford the 30 pounds (around 300 yuan) fare for a taxi. Even a bus was one pound and 20 pence (about 12 yuan) for a single ticket. I didn't need to travel this way anyway. I had Mabel-- my London bike.
When I moved to Beijing, like every foreigner, I was delighted to discover I could take a cab for cheaper than a single journey on the subway. But something was wrong. I missed Mabel. That was when I met Mandarin Mabel also known as Mandy, my Beijing bike.
In many ways, Beijing is made for: It is a flat, easy land compared with hilly London. The cycling city's north/south/east/west square structure is also easier to travel than London's unplanned, twisting streets.
However, Beijing comes completely with its own dangers. The rules of the road are
flexible. Bikes, cars, passers-by all float up and down ways in both directions.
Compared with London's terrible cycle paths, in Beijing, every road has huge, wide cycle ways. But cars, taxis and motorbikes see no reason why they shouldn't use the cycle ways as a shortcut, and why they shouldn't announce you to get out of their way when they do.
Beijing traffic is more good-natured. In London, the road is an active war. People shout, quarrel and beat on each other's windows. In Beijing zone, drivers never get actively angry. In fact, often they ignore cyclists. Obviously that means it's up to the cyclists to see them.
Mandy is a tree Beijing bike. It is nearly broken, it makes loud noises every time you ride on it, and I have had to make several emergency repair stops for it.
But cycling round Beijing on a sunny day is a joy. It is just me, Mandy and the city.
41. What can we conclude from the first paragraph?
A. Bicycles are the most popular means of transport in London.
B. To save money, the author used travel around by bus in London.
C. The expense of public transport makes some people want to buy a bike.
D. The author didn't travel around London because of lacking a bike.
【答案】C
【解析】推理推断题。依据Taxi, the underground, driving…in London these means of transport are expensive.乘坐其他的公共交通费用是高的，所以一些人想要买自行车，故选C。
42. What does the author think of cycling around Beijing?
A. The city's twisting streets make it hard for the rider to find the way.
B. Cars, taxis and motorbikes on the cycle lane pose a threat to cyclists.
C. With the flat land and wide cycle lanes, it's safer to cycle in Beijing than in London.
D. Cycling in Bejing is safe because of its flexible rules.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。依据However, Beijing comes completely with its own dangers. But cars, taxis and motorbikes see no reason why they shouldn't use the cycle ways as a shortcut汽车、出租车和摩托车占用自行车的车道对骑自行车的人造成了危急，故选B。
43. What can we infer from the article?
A. In the author's view, Beijing drivers drive more safely.
B. In London, cars, taxis and motorbikes are allowed to use the cycle paths.
C. People in London follow the traffic rules more closely than those in Beijing.
D. Mandy breaks down so easily that it makes the author miss her London bike Mabel.
【答案】C
【解析】推理推断题。依据In London, the road is an active war. People shout, quarrel and beat on each other's windows. In Beijing zone, drivers never get actively angry. In fact, often they ignore cyclists. Obviously that means it's up to the cyclists to see them.可推出在伦敦的人比北京人更加遵守交通规章，故选C。
44. The reason why drivers in Beijing seldom get angry is that______.
A. the cycle ways are fiat
B. they care little ab
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