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阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
According to the US government, wind farms off the Pacific coast could produce 900 gigawatts of electricity every year. Unfortunately, the water there is far too deep for even the tallest windmills (see picture) to touch bottom. An experiment under way off the coast of Norway, however, could help put them anywhere.
The project, called Hywind, is the world’s first large-scale deepwater wind turbine (涡轮发电机). Although it uses a fairly standard 152-ton, 2. 3-megawatt turbine, Hywind represents totally new technology. The turbine will be fixed 213 feet above the water on a floating spar(see picture), a technology Hywind’s creator, the Norwegian company StatoilHydro, has developed recently. The steel spar, which is filled with stones and goes 328 feet below the sea surface, will be tied to the ocean floor by three cables (缆索); these will keep the spar stable and prevent the turbine from moving up and down in the waves. Hywind’s stability (稳定性) in the cold and rough sea would prove that even the deepest corners of the ocean are suitable for wind power. If all goes according to plan, the turbine will start producing electricity six miles off the coast of southwestern Norway as early as September.
To produce electricity on a large scale, a commercial wind farm will have to use bigger turbines than Hywind does, but it’s difficult enough to balance such a large turbine so high on a floating spar in the middle of the ocean. To make that turbine heavier, the whole spar’s centre of gravity must be moved much closer to the ocean’s surface. To do that, the company plans to design a new kind of wind turbine, one whose gearbox (变速箱) sits at sea level rather than behind the blades (see picture).
Hywind is a test run, but the benefits for perfecting floating wind-farm technology could be extremely large. Out at sea, the wind is often stronger and steadier than close to shore, where all existing offshore windmills are planted. Deep-sea farms are invisible from land, which helps overcome the windmill-as-eyesore objection. If the technology catches on, it will open up vast areas of the planet’s surface to one of the best low-carbon power sources available.
1. The Hywind project uses totally new technology to ensure the stability of .
A. the cables which tie the spar to the ocean floor
B. the spar which is floating in deep-sea water
C. the blades driven by strong and steady sea wind
D. the stones filled in the spar below the sea surface
2. To balance a bigger turbine high on a floating spar, a new type of turbine is to be designed with its gearbox sitting .
A. on the sea floor B. on the spar top
C. at sea level D. behind the blades
3. Wide applications of deepwater wind power technology can .
A. solve the technical problems of deepwater windmills
B. make financial profits by producing more turbines
C. settle the arguments about environmental problems
D. explore low-carbon power resources available at sea
【参考答案】1-3 BCD
阅读理解。
Napoleon Bonaparte died on May 5, 1821, on the island of St. Helena off the coast of Africa. He was 51 years old at the time. When doctors examined Napoleon's body, they said that the former emperor of France had died from cancer of the stomach. That was the cause of death recorded in the official report. However, other doctors disagreed. One doctor who was present during the examination of the body said that Napoleon died of hepatitis（肝炎）. Other historians and medical experts have suggested that Napoleon died of syphilis（梅毒）, tuberculosis（肺结核）, or perhaps malaria. Now, after careful research, a British chemist thinks that Napoleon might have been poisoned -- not by a person, but by his wallpaper.
Napoleon was sent to the island of St. Helena in 1815 after he lost the battle of Waterloo. He was a prisoner on the island. Although he had servants to attend to him, he had to live in one small building. St. Helena is a very wet island, so the walls of the building were always covered with mold. Napoleon became ill from spending too much time inside his house. Almost constantly he had a fever, chills, and felt sick to his stomach. He often felt pain in his shoulders and in his side. His skin turned yellow. He got frequent headaches, and he would become dizzy and vomit. None of the medicine that the doctors gave Napoleon seemed to help. They were not sure what was the matter. Finally, Napoleon was too weak to leave the house. One night, while he was sleeping, he went into a coma （昏迷）and died.
Many doctors who later reviewed the reports of Napoleon's illness found that the symptoms did not show a man who suffered from stomach cancer. It seemed obvious that Napoleon had died from some other cause. In 1961, a Swedish doctor examined some of Napoleon’s hair and found a high level of arsenic（砒霜）, a chemical poison. Was Napoleon murdered? It is doubtful. Arsenic was used in many types of medicine during Napoleon’s time, so he might have taken the arsenic as a cure for his illness. Then, in 1982, Dr. David Jones from England began to look into the mystery and suggested that Napoleon might have breathed in arsenic which was in the air of his house. In the 1700s and 1800s, arsenic was used to make a kind of green paint used on cloth and wallpaper. If the paint was used on a wet wall, the arsenic would go into the air. A person in the room might breathe that air. After studying the wallpaper in the room where Napoleon died, Dr. Jones found high levels of arsenic in the green paint on the walls.
6. The passage says that .
A. a British doctor thinks he has found the cause of Napoleon's death
B. many doctors have tried to guess the cause of Napoleon's death
C. Napoleon could have died from poison
D. all of the above
7. Why did Napoleon live on St. Helena?
A. He owned the island. B. He was a prisoner there.
C. His family lived there. D. He liked the island.
8. Napoleon suffered from the following symptoms except __________.
A. chills B. fever C. dizziness D. bleeding
9. The official report said that Napoleon died of____________.
A. cancer B. a coma C. mold D. poison
10. According to Dr. Jones, how did the arsenic probably get into Napoleon's body?
A. He ate it. B. He breathed it in.
C. He touched it. D. He drank it.
【参考答案】6—10、DBDAB
阅读理解。
One reaction to all the concern about tropical deforestation is a blank stare that asks the question, "Since I don't live there, what does it have to do with me?"
The answer is that your way of life, wherever you live in the world, is tied to the tropics in many ways. If you live in a house, wash your hair, eat fruits and vegetables, drink soda, or drive a car, you can be certain that you are affected by the loss of tropical forests.
Biologically, we are losing the richest regions on earth when, each minute, a piece of tropical forest, the size of ten city blocks, disappears. As many as five million species of plants, animals, and insects (40 to 50 percent of all living things) live there, and are being lost faster than they can be found and described. Their loss is immeasurable.
Take rubber for example. For many uses, only natural rubber from trees will do. Synthetics are not good enough. Today over half the world's commercial rubber is produced in Malaysia and Indonesia, while the Amazon's rubber industry produces much of the world's four million tons. And rubber is an important material in making gloves, balloons, footwear and many sporting goods. Thousands of other tropical plants are valuable for their industrial use.
Many scientists strongly believe that deforestation contributes to the greenhouse effect -- or heating of the earth from increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. As we destroy forests, we lose their ability to change carbon dioxide into oxygen.
Carbon dioxide levels could double within the next half-century, warming the earth by as much as 4.5 degrees. The result? A partial melt-down of polar ice caps, raising sea levels as much as 24 feet; even 15 feet could threaten anyone living within 35 miles of the coast. Unbelievable? Maybe. But scientists warn that by the time we realise the severe effects of tropical deforestation, it will be 20 years too late.
Can tropical deforestation affect our everyday lives? Now, you should have got the answer.
11. The underlined word "synthetics" probably means .
A. natural rubber B. tropical materials
C. man-made material D. commercial rubber
12. In the last paragraph the author tries to .
A. tell people how to avoid the tropical deforestation
B. persuade people to buy something synthetic
C. show us how important it is to protect the tropical forests
D. let people realise the effect of tropical deforestation
13. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A. The forests are losing their function in turning carbon dioxide into oxygen.
B. Many of our daily uses are related to the tropical forests.
C. Tropical plants can be used to make industrial products.
D. High carbon dioxide levels will make the earth warmer.
14. The author's attitude towards the tropical deforestation is .
A. puzzling B. cold C. supporting D. opposed
15. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A. Tropical Forests B. the value of Tropical Forests
C. Tropical Forests and Our Life D. The Greenhouse Effects
【参考答案】11—15、CCADC
信息匹配。
依据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022·北京模拟)
Urbanization(都市化)
Until relatively recently, the vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city. The first city was probably founded no more than 5, 500 years ago. 1 . In fact, nearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural(乡村的)villages. It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.
Britain was only the beginning. 2 . The process of urbanization—the migration(迁移)of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.
In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas. Today, over 82% of Americans live in cities. Only about 2% live on farms. 3 .
Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized. Even in advanced agricultural societies, it took about ninety-five people on farms to feed five people in cities. 4 . Until modern times, those living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英)and the servants, laborers and professionals who served them. Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.
Over the past two centuries, the Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 5 . Today, instead of needing ninety-five farmers to feed five city people, one American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non-farmers.
A. That kept cities very small.
B. The rest live in small towns.
C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.
D. Soon many other industrial nations became urban societies.
E. But even 200 years ago, only a few people could live in cities.
F. Modernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.
G. Modern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.
答案: 1～5. EDBAF。
信息匹配。 (2021·南阳模拟)
Do you know what a big dream is? 1 Or, is a big dream something that provides only entertainment? Children dream big dreams, but there are three barriers to realizing dreams. They often kill them before they ever have a chance to grow.
The Self
Immediately following the birth of a big dream, a negative self-talk takes over and gives all the reasons why it cannot happen. This inside voice is the ego(自我). It’s there for protecting and should be listened to. 2 Most people are influenced by the inside voice. That’s why only a handful of people make their dreams come true.
3
Family and friends are a lot like the ego. They want to protect those they love, so they will often list all the reasons why the big dreams won’t come true. Sometimes, family and friends destroy dreams of those they love most, out of their own fear of being left behind.
The World
If one gets past the first two barriers, one has to face the world. 4 In the past, big dreamers were locked up and sometimes even killed when they were shown to the world. Fortunately, in most of the world today, big dreamers just get laughed at.
The way to realize a big dream is with confidence and action. When children have confidence and then take action, they will be ready to accept any failure. The truth is that every great dreamer whose dreams have never seen the light of success knows failure well. 5
A. Family and Friends
B. How Big Dreams Die
C. Does a big dream show one’s future?
D. They simply fail until they succeed.
E. Sometimes it is right, but more often it is wrong.
F. It is the last and the most terrible barrier.
G. And their big dream is to be a rock star or a famous artist.
【文章大意】每一个人都怀有宏大的幻想, 但是只有少数人才会实现自己的远大抱负。本文主要介绍了造成大多人幻想无法实现的一些内在的和外在的因素。
1. 【解析】选C。上下文规律联系题。依据空格前面的问题和后面的问题, 从形式上看都是问句, 另外主题都是围绕a big dream发问的, 同时结合同一词的规律, 可知选C。
2. 【解析】选E。上下文规律联系题。依据前面的It’s there for protecting and should be listened to. 指自我的疼惜, 而结合上下文, 可知这种自我的疼惜有的时候是正确的, 有的时候是错误的, 因此选E。
3. 【解析】选A。段落标题题。这种形式主要是对于下一个段落的主旨概括。主要从下一段中查找关键核心词等。依据段落中毁灭的Family and friends are a lot like the ego. 可知这一段要争辩家人和伴侣对于一个人幻想的影响, 因此选A。
4. 【解析】选F。上下文规律联系题。依据第一段中提到有三个影响因素, 而这个空格前面的段落已经涉及了两个因素。再依据空格前面的If one gets past the first two barriers, one has to face the world. 可知这里要争辩的是最终一个因素, 因此选F。
5. 【解析】选D。上下文规律联系题。依据同义词的方法, D中的fail与前面一句话中的failure全都, 依据代词指代的方法, D中的they指空格前面提到的every great dreamer, 因此选D。
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